{"id":86339,"date":"2026-05-21T02:32:02","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T07:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=86339"},"modified":"2026-05-21T02:32:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T07:32:04","slug":"balat-yetimhanesinden-kisisel-hikayeler-donemin-ruhunu-aydinlatiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=86339","title":{"rendered":"Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019nden ki\u015fisel hik\u00e2yeler d\u00f6nemin ruhunu ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131mda \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurtar\u0131lan Meline\u2019den bahsetmi\u015ftim. Erzurumlu 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Nazenig\u2019in ise farkl\u0131 bir hikayesi var. 18 \u015eubat 1919 tarihli bir belgede okudu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re Balat semti sakinlerinden Rum bir bayan Nazenig\u2019i bir T\u00fcrk beyinin Fatih \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019daki evinden alarak yetimhaneye teslim eder. Nazenig 1918\u2019de bu beyle beraber Diyarbak\u0131r \u00fczerinden \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015ftir ve \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019da onun evinde kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karin \u015ee\u015fetyan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nazan Maksudyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cThe Orphan Nation: Gendered Humanitarianism for Armenian Survivor Children in Istanbul, 1919\u20131922\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde (*) de ifade etti\u011fi gibi 1918 y\u0131l\u0131 sonundan itibaren \u0130stanbul Ermeni toplumu y\u00f6neticilerinin en \u00f6ncelikli hedefleri Anadolu\u2019ya da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya bir \u015fekilde \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilmi\u015f Ermeni yetim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bulunup korunmaya al\u0131nmalar\u0131, Ermeni kimliklerine tekrar kavu\u015fturulmalar\u0131, e\u011fitimleri, meslek sahibi olmalar\u0131 ve nihayetinde evlenerek yeni bir hayat kurmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131yd\u0131. 1915 ve sonras\u0131nda hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f olan bu \u00e7ocuklar bir anlamda Ermeni toplumunun yeniden aya\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da simgesiydi. Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131mda da \u00f6rneklerini vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi Balat Yetimhanesi ar\u015fivi de bu hedeflerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine y\u00f6nelik her bir gayrete dair somut belgeler bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu yaz\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ki\u015fisel hikayeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin ruhunu incelemeye devam ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vorpahavak (Yetimlerin toplanmas\u0131) faaliyetleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fctareke D\u00f6nemi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin de bilgisi dahilinde olan Vorpahavak faaliyetlerinin, Ermeni yetimlerin hem kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan, hem de \u015fahsi gayretlerle tespit edilerek himaye alt\u0131nda al\u0131nmalar\u0131 \u015feklinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne tan\u0131k oluyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haziran 1919 tarihli bir belgede ya\u015flar\u0131 6 ile 12 aras\u0131nda olan yedi yetimin yetimhaneye kabul\u00fc talep ediliyor. \u015eebinkarahisarl\u0131 Siranu\u015f, Heranu\u015f, Verkin, A\u011fvita, Nekdar, Armenuhi ve \u015eake isimli yetimler b\u00f6lgedeki Razmig Vatansever Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan bulunarak Bay N\u0131\u015fan K\u00f6\u00e7egyan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilirler. Yine Haziran ay\u0131nda Vorpahavak Heyeti \u00fcyesi Mihran Kalikyan\u2019\u0131n yetimhaneyi ziyaret ederek Kayseri\u2019den getirdi\u011fi Meline ve Arusyag isimli yetimlerin durumlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konya, Sivrihasar ve Eski\u015fehir dini \u00f6nderi Rahip Kapriel Samuelyan Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019ne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 18 A\u011fustos 1919 tarihli mektupta; Yer\u00e7anik isimli yetimin Ta\u015fl\u0131k K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde oldu\u011fu belirtilen karde\u015fi Antranig\u2019in kendilerine teslim edilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fclki idareye ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Ancak 12 A\u011fustos\u2019ta m\u00fclki idareden gelen yan\u0131tta, polis m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Ta\u015fl\u0131k K\u00f6y\u00fc \u0130htiyar Heyeti\u2019den k\u00f6yde Antranig veya T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ad\u0131 Selim olan bir \u00e7ocuk bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi verilmi\u015ftir. Rahip Samuelyan \u00e7ocu\u011fun kurtar\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in daha detayl\u0131 ve do\u011fru bilgi verilmesini rica eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131mda \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurtar\u0131lan Meline\u2019den bahsetmi\u015ftim. Erzurumlu 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Nazenig\u2019in ise farkl\u0131 bir hikayesi var. 18 \u015eubat 1919 tarihli bir belgede okudu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re Balat semti sakinlerinden Rum bir bayan Nazenig\u2019i bir T\u00fcrk beyinin Fatih \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019daki evinden alarak yetimhaneye teslim eder. Nazenig 1918\u2019de bu beyle beraber Diyarbak\u0131r \u00fczerinden \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015ftir ve \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019da onun evinde kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu hikayede Nazenig\u2019in ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131, \u00e7ocukla ilgili t\u00fcm bilgilerin sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00f6rneklerde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi kendisine verilmi\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir isimden bahsedilmemesi bende \u00e7ocu\u011fun iyi niyetle himaye ve sonras\u0131nda yetimhaneye teslim edildi\u011fi izlenimini uyand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
Konya Dini \u00d6nderli\u011fi\u2019nden Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderilen yaz\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yetimhanede bir \u015fenlik: A\u011favni Hovannesyan\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yetim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir ailelere evlatl\u0131k verilmesi gayretlerinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, ya\u015f\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131zlar\u0131n uygun gen\u00e7lerle evlendirilmelerinin de d\u00f6nemin kabul g\u00f6ren uygulamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 Ekim 1919 tarihinde Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderilen 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki K\u0131rkkiliseli (K\u0131rklareli) A\u011favni Hovannesyan yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l sonra 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda Balat Surp H\u0131re\u015fdagabed Kilisesi\u2019nde evlenir ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn pek ne\u015feli bir \u015fenli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu evlilikle ilgili ilk belgeye 9 A\u011fustos 1921 tarihinde ula\u015f\u0131yoruz . Ulusal Bak\u0131m ve Yard\u0131m Organizasyonu Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131da Bay Garabed Nazaretyan\u2019\u0131n A\u011favni\u2019yi kendisine e\u015f olarak se\u00e7ti\u011fi ve gerekli t\u00fcm formaliteleri yerine getirdi\u011fi bilgisi verilir. E\u011fer Yetimhane y\u00f6netiminin de bir itiraz\u0131 yoksa evlilik t\u00f6reni yerine getirilebilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu konuda A\u011favni\u2019nin bir s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 olmu\u015f mudur acaba? Yoksa ona d\u00fc\u015fen evlenerek hem hamilerine daha fazla y\u00fck olmamak, hem de \u00e7ocuk d\u00fcnyaya getirerek milletinin bekas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak m\u0131d\u0131r? A\u011favni biraz isyankar bir k\u0131z olmal\u0131yd\u0131 asl\u0131nda. Bir y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce, 30 Nisan 1920 Cuma sabah\u0131 iki arkada\u015f\u0131 ile yetimhaneden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, bulunduktan sonra tekrar yetimhaneye teslim edilmi\u015f ve bundan sonra itaatkar olaca\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6z vermi\u015fti. Onun bu evlilik hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bilmesek de Yetimhane y\u00f6netiminin t\u00f6reni olduk\u00e7a ciddiye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nikah\u0131 \u00fcstrahip Amaduni k\u0131yar. Hask\u00f6y Ardziv \u00d6\u011frenci Birli\u011fi bandosu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00f6rev almak \u00fczere davet edilir. Kilise t\u00f6reni sonras\u0131nda yetimhanede bir kabul d\u00fczenlenir. Horenyan Okulu eski \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden H\u0131mayag Zartaryan gen\u00e7 \u00e7ifte mutluluk dileyen bir konu\u015fma yapar. Tesad\u00fcfen orada bulunan Milli Maliye Sorumlusu Bay Canikyan da yetimhanedeki kabule davet edilir ve t\u00f6renden o kadar etkilenir ki hemen ertesi g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 lira ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunur. O g\u00fcn yetimhaneye hakim olan duygunun her \u015feyin gelecekte daha iyi olaca\u011f\u0131na dair inan\u00e7 ve iyimserlik oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor insan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yetim k\u0131zlar\u0131n evlendirilmesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yetim gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n uygun adaylar ile evlendirilmeleri fikri bug\u00fcn bana kabul edilemez gelse de, y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin \u015fartlar\u0131nda ve i\u00e7inde bulunulan \u00e7aresizlik ve kimsesizlik i\u00e7inde, daha mutlu bir gelece\u011fe do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcmek umuduyla se\u00e7ilen bu k\u0131zlara arkada\u015flar\u0131 imrenerek bak\u0131yor olmal\u0131lar. Bu \u015fekilde evlenmek \u00fczere yetimhaneden ayr\u0131lan en az iki gen\u00e7 k\u0131z hakk\u0131nda da bilgimiz var. Bunlardan biri Boston\u2019lu zengin bir Ermeni ile evlenmek \u00fczere se\u00e7ilen Denekmadenli 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Vartanu\u015f Torosyan, di\u011feri ise Bay Mikael taraf\u0131ndan evlenmek \u00fczere se\u00e7ilen Mu\u015f\u2019lu Takuhi Hagopyan. Damat adaylar\u0131n\u0131n titizlikle incelendi\u011fini de okuyoruz belgelerden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edirne\u2019li Annig \u015eahinyan\u2019\u0131n hikayesi ise biraz buruk. Annig\u2019in ismine ilk kez 12 May\u0131s 1921 tarihinde rastl\u0131yoruz. Ulusal Bak\u0131m ve Yard\u0131m Organizasyonu\u2019ndan gelen yaz\u0131da 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Annig\u2019in T\u00fcrklerin elinden yeni kurtar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle \u00f6zel ilgiye muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu bilgisi veriliyor. Belgenin \u00fczerine ise k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 m\u00fcrekkeple bir not d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f: 491 no\u2019lu doktor raporuna g\u00f6re sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve bakiredir. Bu bakirelik meselesi tabi son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle ya\u015f\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131zlar\u0131n yetimhaneye kabul s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bu ibareyi yine Nazan Maksudyan\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsak, hem ge\u00e7mi\u015fe hem gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar bulabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annig\u2019in buruk hik\u00e2yesi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1915\u2019ten \u201ckurtar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131\u201d tarihe kadar bu k\u0131zlar istismara maruz kald\u0131lar m\u0131 ve bundan sonra Ermeni k\u0131zlar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen belki de en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rev olan evlenmek ve \u00e7ocuk do\u011furmaya uygun adaylar m\u0131d\u0131r? Bir y\u0131l sonra, Annig i\u00e7in de bir evlilik olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirir. Ancak birincil amac\u0131 yetimlerin korunmas\u0131 olan Ulusal Bak\u0131m ve Yard\u0131m Organizasyonu\u2019nun kesin kurallar\u0131 vard\u0131r. May\u0131s 1922 tarihli bir belgede yetimhanenin bir yaz\u0131s\u0131na cevaben Annik \u015eahinyan isimli yetim ile ilgili evlilik talebinin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle reddedildi\u011fini okuyoruz. Evlenecek k\u0131zlar\u0131n 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Annig ise tam 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde Haziran 1922\u2019de ise bu kez evlat edinilmek istenir Annig. Bu talep de ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle reddedilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc evlatl\u0131k verilme en \u00fcst ya\u015f\u0131 10\u2019dur. Bu iki belge maalesef zihnimizde pek \u00e7ok soru uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Evlenmek ve evlat edinmek isteyen asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi miydi? Ayn\u0131 idiyse y\u00f6netim buna dikkat etmeden mi bu talepleri merkeze g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti? Art niyet var m\u0131yd\u0131? Ya da yetimlerin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tehlikeden korunmas\u0131 gayreti ne kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oluyordu? Annig b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan haberdar m\u0131yd\u0131? Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 bilemiyoruz ancak 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Edirne\u2019li Annig \u015eahinyan \u0130stanbul\u2019da kendisine bir yuva bulamad\u0131 ve Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de yetimhanede kalm\u0131\u015f olan di\u011fer k\u0131zlarla beraber Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere bir gemiye bindirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/strong> Bu yaz\u0131da yararlan\u0131lan ar\u015fiv belgeleri Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131 Ar\u015fivi (HDVA), Balat Surp Hre\u015fdagabed Kilisesi ve Khorenyan Okulu Koleksiyonu\u2019na aittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*) Maksudyan, Nazan (2020), E. M\u00f6ller vd. (edit\u00f6rler), Gendering Global Humanitarianism in the Twentieth Century, Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-44630-7_5, sayfa 117-142.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/haber\/balat-yetimhanesinden-kisisel-hikayeler-donemin-ruhunu-aydinlatiyor-40548<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131mda \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurtar\u0131lan Meline\u2019den bahsetmi\u015ftim. Erzurumlu 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Nazenig\u2019in ise farkl\u0131 bir hikayesi var. 18 \u015eubat 1919 tarihli bir belgede okudu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re Balat semti sakinlerinden Rum bir bayan Nazenig\u2019i bir T\u00fcrk beyinin Fatih \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019daki evinden alarak yetimhaneye teslim eder. Nazenig 1918\u2019de bu beyle beraber Diyarbak\u0131r \u00fczerinden \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015ftir ve \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019da onun evinde kalmaktad\u0131r. 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Erzurumlu 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Nazenig\u2019in ise farkl\u0131 bir hikayesi var. 18 \u015eubat 1919 tarihli bir belgede okudu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re Balat semti sakinlerinden Rum bir bayan Nazenig\u2019i bir T\u00fcrk beyinin Fatih \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019daki evinden alarak yetimhaneye teslim eder. Nazenig 1918\u2019de bu beyle beraber Diyarbak\u0131r \u00fczerinden \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015ftir ve \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019da onun evinde kalmaktad\u0131r. 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