{"id":84660,"date":"2025-11-14T00:22:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T05:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=84660"},"modified":"2025-11-14T00:22:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T05:22:00","slug":"ter-matevosyan-ermenilerin-1915te-ne-oldugunu-anlamak-icin-kgbnin-yonlendirmesine-ihtiyaci-yoktu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=84660","title":{"rendered":"Ter-Matevosyan: Ermenilerin 1915’te ne oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in KGB’nin y\u00f6nlendirmesine ihtiyac\u0131 yoktu"},"content":{"rendered":"
Yetvart Danzikyan<\/a><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pa\u015finyan’\u0131n T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Azeri d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 SSCB ve KGB’nin \u015fekillendirdi\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce ele\u015ftirilirken, baz\u0131lar\u0131nca takdir edildi. T\u00fcrkiye ve Sovyetler ili\u015fkileri uzman\u0131, “T\u00fcrkiye’nin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne Sovyet Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131” isimli kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 ve Ermenistan Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Vahram Ter-Matevosyan, “Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan ve Kemalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin katliamlar\u0131ndan sa\u011f kurtulan Ermenilerin ailelerine, k\u00f6ylerine, \u015fehirlerine, kiliselerine ne oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, 1954\u2019te kurulan KGB\u2019nin, y\u00f6nlendirmesine ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 yoktu” dedi.<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
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Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Nikol Pa\u015finyan, 31 Ekim’de gazetecilere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada “Ermeniler, Azerbaycanl\u0131lar ve T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Sovyet d\u00f6nemi propagandas\u0131 ve KGB taraf\u0131ndan beslendi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Pa\u015finyan, “Biz \u2018T\u00fcrk de\u011fi\u015fmez\u2019 dedi\u011fimizde, onlar da ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Biz \u2018Azerbaycan\u2019a nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenelim?\u2019 dedi\u011fimizde, onlar da Ermeniler i\u00e7in ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. KGB ajanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden kurtulmam\u0131z gerekiyor\u201d\u00a0ifadelerini kulland\u0131<\/a>. Pa\u015finyan’\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan sonra ise Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Zaharova ise KGB\u2019nin \u201c1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan neredeyse 40 y\u0131l sonra, 1954\u2019te kuruldu\u011funu\u201d belirterek, Ba\u015fbakan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini \u201ctarihsel olarak cahilce\u201d olarak niteledi.<\/p>\n

Pa\u015finyan’\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini ve Zaharova’n\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r Rusya-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkileri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ermenistan Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi Be\u015feri ve Sosyal Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Vahram Ter-Matevosyan, Agos i\u00e7in yorumlad\u0131. “Kom\u00fcnizm G\u00f6z\u00fcnden Kemalizm\/T\u00fcrkiye’nin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne Sovyet Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131” ismiyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilen kitab\u0131 da bulunan Ter-Matevosyan, Ermenistan Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi Do\u011fu Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra modern T\u00fcrkiye tarihi ve d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkileri ve g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131 \u00fczerine uzmanla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pa\u015finyan\u2019\u0131n KGB ve Sovyetler ile ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131t\u0131yor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermenistan ve kom\u015fular\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki derinlere i\u015flemi\u015f toplumsal alg\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u0131srarl\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131nda Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 toptanc\u0131 genellemelere, \u00e7arp\u0131tmalara ve ayan beyan yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilere dayanan politik a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapmaya devam ediyor. Bu yeni bir \u015fey de\u011fil. Pa\u015finyan\u2019\u0131n, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n son iki y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k siyasi ve toplumsal tarihine ili\u015fkin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar, tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerle insan\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan olu\u015ftu\u011funu \u00e7ok g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Her hatal\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 didik didik edip bulmak, uzun tarihsel tahlil gerektirir ama tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lmayacak tek bir konu var: Pa\u015finyan\u2019\u0131n tarihle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun tarihsellikle ilgisi yok. Pa\u015finyan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 y\u0131l ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden bahsederken, insan Pa\u015finyan\u2019\u0131n akl\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin hangi d\u00f6nemi oldu\u011funu merak ediyor. Sovyet tarihinin her on y\u0131l\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 getirdi. Her iki devleti de \u015fekillendiren 1920\u2019lere ve 1930\u2019lara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ili\u015fkilerin hamasetten uzak oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bir\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamda<\/a>\u00a0bunu ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m: Erken d\u00f6nem Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Ermenilerde T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fcrtmelerini gerektirecek bir jeopolitik, ideolojik ve politik nedeni yoktu.<\/p>\n

Yani ya\u015fanan korkun\u00e7 deneyimden gelen bir bilin\u00e7 vard\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sovyet propagandas\u0131n\u0131n Ermenilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye dair tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirdi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik genelleyici iddia, olaylar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca basite indirgemekle kalm\u0131yor; tarihsel haf\u0131zay\u0131 da bir hakaret ediliyor. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan ve Kemalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin katliamlar\u0131ndan sa\u011f kurtulan Ermenilerin ailelerine, k\u00f6ylerine, \u015fehirlerine, kiliselerine ve kutsal mekanlar\u0131na ne oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, 1954\u2019te kurulan KGB\u2019nin, y\u00f6nlendirmesine ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 yoktu.
\nHayatta kalan Ermenilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik alg\u0131s\u0131, Leninist-Marksist-Stalinist doktrinlerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, bizzat ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 deh\u015fetin ve miras ald\u0131klar\u0131 travman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc. Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci \u015fehri Aleksandrapol\/Leninakan, \u201cVorbaqakhak\u201d yani \u201cYetimler \u015eehri\u201d<\/a>\u00a0olarak bilinirdi. Ebeveynleri Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda yok olup giden 30 bini a\u015fk\u0131n \u00e7ocuk bu \u015fehirde b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve yeti\u015fkinlikleri boyunca s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle ifade edilmeyecek boyutlarda bir ac\u0131y\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlar propaganda \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fildi; o yetim \u00e7ocuklar katliamlar\u0131n ya\u015fayan tan\u0131klar\u0131yd\u0131. Ebeveynlerinin sevgisinden, bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahrum b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bu insanlar, yok olu\u015fun hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu kalplerinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin Sovyet KGBi taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillendirildi\u011fini iddia etmek, tarihsel bir \u00e7arp\u0131tma ve ahlaki a\u00e7\u0131dan sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ve 1950\u2019lerin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde SSCB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkileri belirgin bir gerginlik d\u00f6nemine girdi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kademeli bi\u00e7imde Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin saflar\u0131na yana\u015fmas\u0131, sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde Nazi Almanyas\u0131yla yak\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 ve sonunda NATO\u2019ya kat\u0131lmas\u0131, derin bir jeopolitik \u00e7atlak yaratt\u0131. Do\u011fal olarak, bu d\u00f6nemde Sovyet otoriteleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik artan bir ku\u015fkuyla hareket etti, Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 toprak taleplerini ilerletme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde seferber etme fikrini zaman zaman yoklad\u0131. Fakat bu planlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olmaktan uzak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in asla diplomatik a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ve mu\u011flak tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emedi. Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan sa\u011f kalan ve Avrupa, Ortado\u011fu ve ABD\u2019de ya\u015fayan 90 bin Ermeni\u2019nin 1946-1949 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131na iade edilmesi de bu jeopolitik ba\u011flamda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. Ama bug\u00fcn baz\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler daha b\u00fcy\u00fck resmi g\u00f6remiyorlar. Ge\u00e7en 70 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131na yerle\u015fen yakla\u015f\u0131k 170 bin Ermeni \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, kurtulu\u015f ve adalet gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fikirleri de beraberinde getirdi ve \u201ckaybedilen vatan\u201d hakk\u0131ndaki kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeniden alevlendirdi. Burada da T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 besleyecek bir Sovyet propagandas\u0131na veya KGB\u2019ye ihtiya\u00e7 yoktu: Ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131 ve miras al\u0131nan travma, propagandadan \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Sovyetlerin Ermenistan-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerinde hi\u00e7 etkisi olmad\u0131 diyemeyiz ama de\u011fil mi? Sovyetler bu konuda ne t\u00fcr politikalar izledi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

De-Stalinizasyon d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flamas\u0131, Kru\u015f\u00e7ev d\u00f6nemindeki \u201cyumu\u015fama\u201d s\u00fcreci ve Brejnev d\u00f6neminde muhalif hareketlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ndeki Ermeniler tarihsel ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve ulusal taleplerini daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ve kendi s\u00f6zc\u00fckleriyle ifade etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir yerde de\u00a0yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00fczere,<\/a>\u00a01960\u2019larda Ermeni milliyet\u00e7i\u011finin yeniden canland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdi ve bu canlanma devletin y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle de\u011fil, tarihsel hakikat ve onur aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanan bir toplumsal d\u00fcrt\u00fcyle beslenmi\u015fti.
\nBa\u015fbakan Pa\u015finyan, ya\u015fam\u0131n her yerine sirayet eden Sovyet sans\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn baz\u0131 \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken muhakkak bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hakl\u0131. Ancak 1960\u2019lara ve 1980\u2019lere gelindi\u011finde Moskova \u00f6nceliklerini tam tersi istikamete \u00e7evirmi\u015f ve ulusal s\u00f6ylemi k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak yerine bast\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015fti. Cin art\u0131k \u015fi\u015feden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, Sovyet ayg\u0131t\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye ve Azerbaycan\u2019a y\u00f6neltilen tarihsel ve toprak taleplerinin kamusal bir hareketlenmeye ya da entelekt\u00fcel bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya evrilmemesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm enerjisini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu tarihsel incelemeye uzun uzun devam edebilirim ama sadece basit bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek yeterli olacakt\u0131r: Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131ndaki ulusal bilincin \u015fekillendirilmesinde Sovyet propagandas\u0131n\u0131n ve KGB\u2019nin rol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 abartmak, tarihi \u00e7arp\u0131tmak, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n kolektif belle\u011fini hi\u00e7e saymak ve \u00f6znelli\u011fini itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmak demektir. Pa\u015finyan, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda Sovyet propagandas\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc hakk\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce de benzer iddialarda bulunmu\u015ftu. Kolektif belle\u011fe kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kay\u0131p, adalet ve kimlik anlat\u0131lar\u0131 Moskova\u2019da tasarlanmad\u0131. Bizzat ya\u015fanan deneyimlerin sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, nesilden nesle aktar\u0131ld\u0131 ve hayatta kalanlar\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131nda ya\u015famaya devam etti. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n siyasi liderli\u011fi \u015funu unutmamal\u0131: Ulusal haf\u0131zay\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirmek, entelekt\u00fcel bir d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck gerektirir, yolundan sapm\u0131\u015f bir revizyonizm de\u011fil. Tarih tek tarafl\u0131 bir uzla\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve bar\u0131\u015f in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa vadeli politik g\u00fcndemine uydurulacak \u015fekilde yeniden yaz\u0131lamaz; travmalar ise f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 bir s\u00f6ylemlerle silinemez.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizceden \u00e7eviren: Bade Ba\u015fer<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/36277\/ter-matevosyan-ermenilerin-1915-te-ne-oldugunu-anlamak-icin-kgb-nin-yonlendirmesine-ihtiyaci-yoktu\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yetvart Danzikyan Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pa\u015finyan’\u0131n T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Azeri d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 SSCB ve KGB’nin \u015fekillendirdi\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce ele\u015ftirilirken, baz\u0131lar\u0131nca takdir edildi. T\u00fcrkiye ve Sovyetler ili\u015fkileri uzman\u0131, “T\u00fcrkiye’nin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne Sovyet Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131” isimli kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 ve Ermenistan Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Vahram Ter-Matevosyan, “Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan ve Kemalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin katliamlar\u0131ndan sa\u011f kurtulan Ermenilerin ailelerine, k\u00f6ylerine, \u015fehirlerine, kiliselerine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":84661,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nTer-Matevosyan: Ermenilerin 1915'te ne oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in KGB'nin y\u00f6nlendirmesine ihtiyac\u0131 yoktu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=84660\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ter-Matevosyan: Ermenilerin 1915'te ne oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in KGB'nin y\u00f6nlendirmesine ihtiyac\u0131 yoktu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yetvart Danzikyan Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pa\u015finyan’\u0131n T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Azeri d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 SSCB ve KGB’nin \u015fekillendirdi\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce ele\u015ftirilirken, baz\u0131lar\u0131nca takdir edildi. 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