{"id":83137,"date":"2025-04-28T04:02:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T09:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=83137"},"modified":"2025-04-28T04:02:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T09:02:06","slug":"sivastan-der-zora-kac-saatte-gidilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=83137","title":{"rendered":"Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a ka\u00e7 saatte gidilir?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\" <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
Ekrem Yener<\/a><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n amac\u0131, yukar\u0131daki soruya verilen cevaptan yola \u00e7\u0131karak cevapta belirtilen 176 saatlik s\u00fcrenin Sivasl\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in ne ifade etti\u011fini anlatmak. Birileri i\u00e7in 176 sadece kuru d\u00fcz bir rakamdan ibaret iken y\u00fczbinler i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funun bitmez t\u00fckenmez zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan kopart\u0131larak Suriye\u2019nin do\u011fusunda yer alan Der Zor\u2019a \u201ctehcir\u201d edilen Ermenilerin nelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, s\u00fcrecin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve Ermenilerin ba\u015f\u0131na gelen felaketin ad\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halen tarih\u00e7iler, ama en \u00e7ok da hukuk\u00e7ular taraf\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir konu. Tarih\u00e7ili\u011fin en \u00f6nemli i\u015flevi soru sormakt\u0131r. Her cevap yeni sorular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yorsa tarih\u00e7i g\u00f6revini do\u011fru yap\u0131yor demektir.<\/p>\n

Biz tarih\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6revimizi yapal\u0131m ve soruya d\u00f6nelim:<\/p>\n

1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu y\u00f6netenler, Ermenilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Anadolu\u2019dan tamamen yok etmeyi \u00f6nceden mi planlad\u0131lar yoksa tehcir karar\u0131 sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kendili\u011finden mi geli\u015fti? Tehcir karar\u0131n\u0131 verirken tehcirin yarataca\u011f\u0131 felaketin boyutunun fark\u0131nda m\u0131yd\u0131lar?\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki soru son y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r tarih\u00e7ilerin ard\u0131ndan ko\u015ftuklar\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fik cevaplar verdikleri ve cevaplarda birbirleri ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri sorulardan birisidir. Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 \u201c\u00f6nceden planlad\u0131lar<\/em>\u201d ya da \u201cfark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar<\/em>\u201d olunca i\u015fin i\u00e7ine birden bir ba\u015fka hukuki kavram, yani \u201ctaamm\u00fct\u201d girer. Daha do\u011frusu, \u201c\u00f6nceden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f planlanm\u0131\u015f\u201d bir kararla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu da, \u201cTehcir sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan Ermenileri sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece ayn\u0131 \u00fclke co\u011frafyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir yerden bir ba\u015fka yere g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmedir<\/em>\u201d c\u00fcmleleri ile ba\u015flayan ve y\u00fcz on y\u0131ld\u0131r tekrarlanan resmi tehcir anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kartabilir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bir belge yukar\u0131daki soruya verilecek cevab\u0131 daha da karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131racak ve kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za yeni sorular \u00e7\u0131kartacak.<\/p>\n

\"<\/em><\/div>\n
Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019nden Erkan\u2019\u0131 Harbiye Riyaseti\u2019ne (BAO, DH.EUM.MH, 86\/97)<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Y\u0131l 1914. Dahiliye Nezareti soruyor…<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi bu belgeden bahsederek de\u011ferlendirmemize ba\u015flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131l 1914, aylardan Haziran. Dahiliye Nezareti Emniyet-i Umumiye M\u00fcd\u00fcriyeti do\u011frudan Erkan-\u0131 Harbiye-i Umumiye Riyaseti\u2019ne bir soru soruyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cAkser-i turuk itibar\u0131yla Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a ve kezalik Sivas\u2019tan Ba\u011fdat\u2019a kadar olan mesafenin zeylen beyan buyurulmas\u0131 arz olunur\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 belgede gelen cevap da not edilmi\u015f \u201c…sual edilen mevakii muhtelife beynindeki mesafat\u0131n ba\u2019laya kayd ve terkim k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmakla …<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 Sivas Der Zor aras\u0131ndaki en yak\u0131n (akser-i turuk<\/em>)\u00a0 mesafenin 176 saat oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f. Ayn\u0131 soruda Der Zor ile beraber Sivas \u2013 Ba\u011fdat aras\u0131 mesafe de sorulmu\u015f, o mesafenin de 176 saat oldu\u011fu cevab\u0131 verilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

176 saat Sivasl\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in ne ifade ediyor?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hemen belirtelim; bir devletin iki kurumunun birbirine soru sormas\u0131 normal ve do\u011fald\u0131r. Hatta bu t\u00fcrden mesafe sorular\u0131 ar\u015fivlerde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Amac\u0131m\u0131z bir belgeden yola \u00e7\u0131karak tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda reddetti\u011fimiz kas\u0131tl\u0131 okuma eylemini yapmak da de\u011fil. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n amac\u0131, yukar\u0131daki soruya verilen cevaptan yola \u00e7\u0131karak cevapta belirtilen 176 saatlik s\u00fcrenin Sivasl\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in ne ifade etti\u011fini anlatmak. Birileri i\u00e7in 176 sadece kuru d\u00fcz bir rakamdan ibaret iken y\u00fczbinler i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funun bitmez t\u00fckenmez zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Sorumuza, belgenin tarihini, olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin tarihsel arka plan\u0131, soruyu soran kurumun i\u015flevini, y\u00f6neticilerini, kurumlar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve zaman\u0131n ruhunu inceleyerek devam edebiliriz.<\/p>\n

O zaman, d\u00f6nemin tarihsel arka plan\u0131na d\u00f6nelim. Sava\u015f hen\u00fcz ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f. Ar\u015fid\u00fck Ferdinand ve e\u015fine y\u00f6nelik Saraybosna\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek suikaste daha g\u00fcnler vard\u0131r. Ancak \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netimi imparatorluktaki Ermeni vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n reform taleplerine isteksizce de olsa evet demi\u015ftir. Vilayet-i Sitte olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan alt\u0131 vilayetin (Vilayet say\u0131s\u0131 Trabzon\u2019un eklenmesi ile yedi olmu\u015ftur) y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in birisi Hollandal\u0131 di\u011feri Norve\u00e7li ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\/tarafs\u0131z iki m\u00fcfetti\u015f, valilere de emir verebilecek bir yetkiyle g\u00f6revlendirilirler. Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019nin 15 Nisan 1330 (28 Nisan 1914) tarihli tezkiresi ile Van, Bitlis, Harput ve Diyarbak\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi genel m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fine Norve\u00e7li Binba\u015f\u0131 Nicolas Hoff, Trabzon, Erzurum ve Sivas b\u00f6lgesi genel m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fine de Hollandal\u0131 Do\u011fu Hindistan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri memurlar\u0131ndan Louis Westenenk atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nisan\u2019dan Haziran\u2019a kadar bu iki m\u00fcfetti\u015fe yap\u0131lacak \u00f6demeler, hangi otelde kalacaklar\u0131 otelin masraflar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ve kim taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denece\u011fi, m\u00fcfetti\u015flerin yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kimler olaca\u011f\u0131, salahiyetleri, m\u00fcfetti\u015flik merkezinin nereleri olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi konular 1914 yaz\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fcndemini me\u015fgul etmi\u015fe benziyor. Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivlerindeki yaz\u0131\u015fmalardan Westenenk ve Hoff\u2019un \u0130stanbul\u2019daki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetle yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, ve Hoff\u2019un Erzurum\u2019a, Westenenk\u2019\u0131n da Van\u2019a hareket etmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n yak\u0131ndan izlendi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n hat\u0131ratlar\u0131ndan bu iki m\u00fcfetti\u015fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6neticilerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ruh d\u00fcnyalar\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir sars\u0131nt\u0131ya yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun alt\u0131 vilayetine \u0130stanbul\u2019un kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrk Olmayan\u201d iki m\u00fcfetti\u015fin g\u00f6revlendirilmesi (Westenenk do\u011frudan bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge valili\u011fi memuriyetinden geliyordu) \u00fclkede hakim olmaya ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile de taban tabana z\u0131t olan bir uygulamayd\u0131. Talat Pa\u015fa an\u0131lar\u0131nda m\u00fcfetti\u015flerin atanmas\u0131n\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirir ve bakanlar kurulunda karara Dahiliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 olarak muhalif oy verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Talat Pa\u015fa m\u00fcfetti\u015f atamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir de kar\u015f\u0131 arg\u00fcman ileri s\u00fcrer: \u201c\u2026 bizim Petersburg\u2019daki el\u00e7imizin [Rus] \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131na ba\u015fvurarak T\u00fcrkistan hakk\u0131nda \u0131slahat tekliflerinde bulunmas\u0131 halinde bunun da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini s\u00f6yledim.\u201d<\/p>\n

1914 bahar\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullar ve Rumlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

1914 y\u0131l\u0131 bahar\u0131 Anadolu\u2019nun bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Rumlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011fi, Rumlar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir gelece\u011fin planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve Halil Mente\u015fe\u2019nin an\u0131lar\u0131nda s\u00f6z etti\u011fi Cemiyetin te\u015fkilat\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Rumlar\u0131n \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fclerek 200 bine yak\u0131n Rumun Anadolu\u2019dan g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi g\u00fcnlere tan\u0131kl\u0131k eder. Hemen akla bir ba\u015fka soru geliyor. Daha sava\u015f ba\u015flamadan Haziran ay\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun bat\u0131s\u0131 Rumlardan temizlenebiliyorsa Anadolu\u2019nun do\u011fusu Ermenilerden temizlenemez miydi? Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019nce Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a olan mesafenin merak edilmesi bu soru ile ili\u015fkili olabilir miydi?<\/p>\n

1914 ortas\u0131nda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131larda do\u011fu vilayetlerinin elden gitmekte oldu\u011fu veya do\u011fu vilayetlerinin bir t\u00fcr s\u00f6m\u00fcrge valiliklerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feklinde bir alg\u0131n\u0131n hakim konuma geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemize yol a\u00e7an geli\u015fmelere de tan\u0131k oluruz. Dahiliye Nezareti Emniyeti Umumiye M\u00fcd\u00fcriyeti \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan Ermeni Masas\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu \u00e7ok iyi Ermenice bilen Esat Bey\u2019e (Ahmet Esat Uras) verilir. 1913 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Dahiliye Nezareti Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131nda bir \u0130stihbarat (istilaat m\u00fcd\u00fcriyeti) Dairesi tesis edilir. Bu daireden gelen emirle 1914 Mart ay\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm diplomatik temsilcilere bir genelge g\u00f6nderilerek Ermeni hareketleri mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc Ermenice yay\u0131n\u0131n takip edilerek \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmesi istenir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nceden mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hen\u00fcz daha d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 y\u00f6netimin hi\u00e7 de istemedi\u011fi ve isteksizce imzalamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yenik\u00f6y Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve onun sonucunda mecburen yetki devrettikleri iki \u201cecnebi m\u00fcfetti\u015f\u201de terk edilecek do\u011fu vilayetlerinin durumunu kurtarabilmenin yolu o vilayetlerde Ermeni n\u00fcfusun kalmamas\u0131 olabilir miydi? Silah zoru ve kanl\u0131 bir darbe ile iktidara gelen \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar ellerindeki g\u00fcc\u00fc do\u011fu vilayetlerinde iki ecnebi m\u00fcfetti\u015fe kolayca devrederler miydi? Ermenilerin do\u011fu vilayetlerinden hatta t\u00fcm Anadolu\u2019dan s\u00fcr\u00fclerek nihai var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak Der Zor\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00f6nceden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olabilir mi? Tehcirin t\u00fcm g\u00fczergahlar\u0131n\u0131, toplama kamplar\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131n\u0131 1915\u2019te idare edecek olan Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Emniyeti Umumiye M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tehcir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini, g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 daha sava\u015f ba\u015flamadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve detayland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olabilir mi?<\/p>\n

1915 Ermeni Tehcirinin sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan gerekli bir \u00f6nlem ve sava\u015f b\u00f6lgesindeki Ermenilerin sava\u015f olmayan g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lgelere nakli oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine yazan tarih\u00e7ilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir arg\u00fcman da tehcirin \u00f6nce Anadolu i\u00e7lerine yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Do\u011frudur, Mart 1915\u2019te \u00f6nce D\u00f6rtyol ve Nisan ay\u0131nda Zeytun Ermenilerinin \u00f6nce Konya\u2019ya sevki emri verilir. 24 Nisan 1915\u2019te, sevk y\u00f6n\u00fc Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019nden gelen bir telgrafla Der Zor y\u00f6n\u00fcne de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Der Zor ya da Arap\u00e7a s\u00f6ylemiyle Deyr-i Zor 1915 yaz\u0131nda sevkiyata tabi tutulanlar\u0131n da \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinde ilk kez duyduklar\u0131 bir yerdir.<\/p>\n

Neden Der Zor se\u00e7ildi?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tehcirin nihai var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak Der Zor\u2019un se\u00e7imi ve bu b\u00f6lgenin se\u00e7iminin sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi planlanm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru tehcirin de nihai hedefi hakk\u0131nda yeni soru i\u015faretleri bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Fuat D\u00fcndar Der Zor se\u00e7iminin tehcirin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden bilindi\u011finin ve bilin\u00e7li al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir karar oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesi olarak yorumluyor. Der Zor, imparatorlu\u011fun en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahip b\u00f6lgelerinden biridir. Bu esas olarak, b\u00f6lgenin yazlar\u0131n \u015fiddetli kurakl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7acak derecede s\u0131cak, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n da \u00e7ok sert ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, y\u00fckseltilerin ve do\u011fal korunaklar\u0131n az oldu\u011fu iklim ve topo\u011frafik \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklan\u0131yordu. D\u00fcndar, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Balkanlar\u2019dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in de Der Zor\u2019un \u00f6nerildi\u011fini ancak b\u00f6lgenin muhacirlerin iskan\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. D\u00fcndar\u2019a g\u00f6re, Der Zor\u2019un se\u00e7imi bir \u015fekilde \u201c\u0131slah edilemeyen bir halk\u0131n \u0131slah edilemeyen bir b\u00f6lgeye s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yani a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Sivas<\/em><\/div>\n
Sivas Ermeni mahallesi ve Surp Asdvadadzin Kilisesi (Kaynak- Houshamadyan).<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

176 saatlik g\u00fczergah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla beraber, elimizdeki ar\u015fiv belgesi \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a \u201cen yak\u0131n\u201d mesafeyi bir y\u0131l \u00f6nceden not etme ihtiyac\u0131 duydu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cSivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a\u201d y\u00fcr\u00fcnecek mesafenin not edilmesi yukar\u0131daki sorular\u0131m\u0131za anlam kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. Cevab\u0131n bir uzunluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olarak de\u011fil bir zaman \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan saat baz\u0131nda verilmesi, bu mesafenin yayan olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcnece\u011finin de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. 1915 sonras\u0131 hayatta kalabilenlerin anlat\u0131lar\u0131, hat\u0131ratlar\u0131, o zaman diliminde b\u00f6lgede olan g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ifadeleri Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a olan yolculu\u011fun g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 Sivas \u2013 Tecirhan \u2013 Ma\u011fara \u2013 Kangal \u2013 Alacahan \u2013 K\u00f6t\u00fchan \u2013 Hasan\u00e7elebi \u2013 Hekimhan \u2013 Hasanbadrig \u2013 Aruz Yaz\u0131 \u2013 K\u0131rk G\u00f6z K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc \u2013 F\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131lar \u2013 Zeyda\u011f – Gergerda\u011f \u2013 Ad\u0131yaman \u2013 Samsat \u2013 G\u00f6zen civar\u0131nda F\u0131rat Nehir Ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u2013 Suru\u00e7 \u2013 Rakka \u2013 Der Zor olarak veriyor. Suru\u00e7 sonras\u0131 Sivas kafilelerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Musul\u2019a bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de Bab ve M\u00fcnbi\u00e7 \u00fczerinden Halep\u2019e y\u00f6nlendirilerek Hama ve Homs\u2019a sevk edildikleri de biliniyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz navigasyon uydu teknolojilerini ve yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a olan mesafeyi sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, iki nokta aras\u0131nda 720 km\u2019lik bir mesafe bulundu\u011fu ve bu mesafenin 165 saatlik bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ile kat edilebilece\u011fi cevab\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yoruz. Y\u00fcz on y\u0131l \u00f6nceki seyr\u00fcsefer hesaplamalar\u0131 da hemen hemen ayn\u0131 yol mesafesini verirken aradaki fark\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yap\u0131lan yeni yollardan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Atat\u00fcrk Baraj\u0131 ile doldurulan Ad\u0131yaman \u2013 Urfa aras\u0131ndaki vadilerden ve F\u0131rat ge\u00e7i\u015finden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim.<\/p>\n

Kafilelerin refakat\u00e7ileri her vilayet s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015finde de\u011fi\u015fir. Her vilayet sevkiyat memuru kafileyi bir sonraki vilayet sevkiyat ekibine ve refakat\u00e7ilerine devreder. Hayatta kalanlar\u0131n anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan konvoylar\u0131n genelde \u015fehir i\u00e7lerine sokulmadan da\u011f yollar\u0131 ve dolamba\u00e7l\u0131 k\u0131rsal patikalar\u0131 izleyerek nihai var\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131na sevk edildi\u011fi ve 165 saat ile 176 saat aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da bu oldu\u011fu sonucuna varmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Balkan muhacirleri i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ancak b\u00f6lgeyi bilen ve inceleyen y\u00f6neticilerce ya\u015fam i\u00e7in uygun olmayaca\u011f\u0131na karar verilen Der Zor b\u00f6lgesine tehcir hem 1914 yaz\u0131nda zorla dayat\u0131lan yabanc\u0131 m\u00fcfetti\u015flerden hem de Anadolu Ermenilerinden tamamen kurtulmak i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olabilir mi?<\/p>\n

Anlat\u0131lar farkl\u0131 olsa da sonu\u00e7 ayn\u0131: Bir insanl\u0131k trajedisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

1915 Ermeni tehcirinin nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131lan kitap say\u0131s\u0131 binleri, makale say\u0131s\u0131 ise on binleri a\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Yaz\u0131lmaya da devam ediyor. Yaz\u0131lanlar, \u201cBirka\u00e7 izole sald\u0131r\u0131 vakas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur<\/em>\u201d anlat\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201c\u00f6nceden planlanm\u0131\u015f bir soyk\u0131r\u0131md\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6ylemine kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi kaps\u0131yor. Anlat\u0131 yelpazesi ne kadar geni\u015f olursa olsun 1915 Ermeni tehcirine ili\u015fkin olarak kimsenin itiraz etmeyece\u011fi ve hemfikir olaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek, bu yolculu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir insanl\u0131k trajedisi ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Murat Bardak\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Evrak-\u0131 Metrukesi\u2019nde her bir vilayet ve sancaktan sevk olunan Ermeni n\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131, Sivas vilayetinin \u00f6zel konumunu g\u00f6steriyor. Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zel evrak\u0131nda Sivas\u2019tan sevk edilen n\u00fcfus 141.592 olarak belirtiliyor. Raymond Kevorkian ise, 1914 \u00f6ncesi Sivas Vilayeti\u2019nin Ermeni n\u00fcfusunu 204.472 olarak verir ve vilayette Ermenilere ait 198 kilise, 21 Manast\u0131r ve 20.599 \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 204 okul oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Tehcir s\u0131ras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek can kayb\u0131 say\u0131sal olarak Sivas Ermenilerinin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Dahiliye Nezareti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Der Zor\u2019un Sivas\u2019a olan mesafesini \u00f6\u011frenmek, ayn\u0131 zamanda en b\u00fcy\u00fck can kayb\u0131n\u0131n nerede olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nceden tahmin etmenin bir y\u00f6ntemi miydi?<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7ilikte niyet okuma, ya da varsay\u0131msal esaslarla tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 ele\u015ftirilir ve bu ele\u015ftirilerde hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada okuyucu ile bulu\u015fturmak istedi\u011fimiz ve Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinden payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z belgedeki mesafe bilgisi Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019a gidecek bir devlet g\u00f6revlisine harc\u0131rah hesaplamas\u0131 i\u00e7in de istenmi\u015f olabilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle de bir harc\u0131rah hesaplamas\u0131 i\u00e7in istenmi\u015ftir. Belgeyi yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ortam\u0131, olaylar\u0131 ve bilgi talep eden kurumun di\u011fer kurumlarla ili\u015fkileri ve ard\u0131ndan orada yaz\u0131lan 176 saatin 141.592 Sivasl\u0131 \u00e7ocuk, kad\u0131n, ya\u015fl\u0131, su\u00e7suz g\u00fcnahs\u0131z insan i\u00e7in felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu birlikte analiz etti\u011fimizde yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorular\u0131 sorman\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemi do\u011fru anlamak ve tarihini do\u011fru yazmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan biz tarih\u00e7ilerin g\u00f6revi oldu\u011fu da yads\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n

1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuru d\u00fcz bir ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan \u201c176 saat,\u201d 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda evlerinden yurtlar\u0131ndan kom\u015fular\u0131ndan kopart\u0131larak yollara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen 141.592 Sivasl\u0131 Ermeninin 176 saat s\u00fcrecek bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funun ilk habercisi miydi? \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk kad\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131 141.592 ki\u015fi olarak yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. 176 saatlik yolu ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131, dolamba\u00e7l\u0131 yollardan, nehirler ge\u00e7erek, da\u011f bay\u0131r kat etmek zorundayd\u0131lar. Azala azala yol y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. 176. saatin sonunda azalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Der Zor\u2019a varabilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de zaten dillerini dinlerini k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu Der Zor\u2019da yok oldular. 110 y\u0131l sonra biz tarih\u00e7iler bu olaya ne isim verirsek verelim, nas\u0131l adland\u0131r\u0131rsak adland\u0131ral\u0131m hi\u00e7bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131y\u0131 ve ya\u015fanan felaketi tan\u0131mlayamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(Ekrem Yener, \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Y\u00fcksek Lisans \u00f6\u011frencisidir)<\/em><\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. BAO, DH.EUM.MH, 86\/8-97 (24 Haziran 1914).<\/p>\n

2. 9 \u015eubat 1914’te Rusya ile imzalanan Yenik\u00f6y Anla\u015fmas\u0131’na g\u00f6re 6 vilayet ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Erzurum, Trabzon ve Sivas vilayetleri ile Van, Bitlis, Harput ve Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetleri yabanc\u0131 bir m\u00fcfetti\u015fin idaresi alt\u0131nda y\u00f6netilecektir. M\u00fcfetti\u015fler valiler, adliye, polis ve jandarma dahil olmak \u00fczere sivil y\u00f6netimi atama, g\u00f6revden alma ve denetleme yetkisine sahip olacaklard\u0131. M\u00fcfetti\u015fler gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri takdirde h\u00fck\u00fcmetten askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 talep edebileceklerdi.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n An\u0131lar\u0131<\/em>, Haz. Alpay Kabacal\u0131 (\u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131n\u0131, 2000).<\/p>\n

4. Halil Mente\u015fe,\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi Reisi Halil Mente\u015fe\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131\u00a0<\/em>(\u0130stanbul: Alt\u0131nordu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2019), 85-86. Hans-Lukas Keiser, Talat Pa\u015fa\u00a0\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Beyni ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Mimar\u0131\u00a0<\/em>(\u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2018).<\/p>\n

5. BOA, HR.SYS, 2789.36 05\/03\/1914. Ermenilik cereyan\u0131 ile fark-\u0131 siyasiyesinin esasl\u0131 bir surette takibi ve Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k hakk\u0131nda muhalif veya muvaf\u0131k her ne dil ile olursa olsun yap\u0131lan ne\u015friyat\u0131n temin edilerek g\u00f6nderilmesi.<\/p>\n

6. BOA, DH.\u015eFR.52\/93, 24\/04\/1915. Konya\u2019ya Ermeni Sevkinin Durdurulmas\u0131 Bundan Sonra Halep, Zor ve Urfa Cihetlerine Sevki. Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Ermeniler 1915-1920 (Ankara: Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131n 14, 1994).<\/p>\n

7. Der Zor ismi Arap\u00e7a kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki Deyruzor, Deyr-i Zor,\u00a0 Deir ez-Zor, Dayr az-Zawr gibi de\u011fi\u015fik kullan\u0131mlardan ziyade Anadolu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel belle\u011finde t\u00fcrk\u00fclerde ve a\u011f\u0131tlarda\u00a0 yer etmi\u015f olan Der Zor \u015feklinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8. Fuat D\u00fcndar,\u00a0Kahir Ekseriyet Ermeni N\u00fcfus Meselesi 1878-1923<\/em>\u00a0(\u0130stanbul: Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012).<\/p>\n

9. Raymond Kevorkian,\u00a0The Armenian Genocide A Complete History<\/em>\u00a0(New York: I.B. Tauris, 2011).<\/p>\n

10. Murat Bardak\u00e7\u0131,\u00a0T<\/em>alat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Evrak-\u0131 Metruke\u2019si<\/em>\u00a0(\u0130stanbul: Everest Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2009).<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/32479\/sivastan-der-zora-kac-saatte-gidilir\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekrem Yener Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n amac\u0131, yukar\u0131daki soruya verilen cevaptan yola \u00e7\u0131karak cevapta belirtilen 176 saatlik s\u00fcrenin Sivasl\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in ne ifade etti\u011fini anlatmak. Birileri i\u00e7in 176 sadece kuru d\u00fcz bir rakamdan ibaret iken y\u00fczbinler i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funun bitmez t\u00fckenmez zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan kopart\u0131larak Suriye\u2019nin do\u011fusunda yer alan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":83138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nSivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a ka\u00e7 saatte gidilir? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=83137\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sivas\u2019tan Der Zor\u2019a ka\u00e7 saatte gidilir? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ekrem Yener Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n amac\u0131, yukar\u0131daki soruya verilen cevaptan yola \u00e7\u0131karak cevapta belirtilen 176 saatlik s\u00fcrenin Sivasl\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in ne ifade etti\u011fini anlatmak. 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