Dina Danon\u2019un 2020\u2019de Stanford University Press\u2019ten yay\u0131mlanan kitab\u0131 \u201cThe Jews ofOttoman Izmir: A Modern History,\u201d Seda Kutsal\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisiyle \u201cOsmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u0130zmir Yahudileri: Modern Tarih\u201d ad\u0131yla Monografi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2024\u2019te bas\u0131ld\u0131. Dina Danon, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130zmir Yahudi toplumunun sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ele alan kapsaml\u0131 doktora tezini kitapla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\nKitab\u0131n \u00f6znesi olan kentimiz \u0130zmir, zengin tarihsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 2 Ege\u2019nin \u0130ncisi olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Hem T\u00fcrk hem Yunan mill\u00ee tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda belirleyici bir yere sahip olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlukla bu iki milletin hikayeleri \u00fczerinden eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yahudilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ise genellikle sinagoglar ve Sabetayc\u0131l\u0131k hikayeleri ile \u015fehrin kozmopolitli\u011fini \u00e7e\u015fniler. Dina Danon\u2019un kitab\u0131, Henri Nahum ve Siren Bora\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130zmir Yahudileri \u00f6zelinde Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ili\u011finde bu bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurur: Kitap, modern tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda yeterince yer almam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, \u0130zmir Yahudilerinin deneyimlerini s\u0131n\u0131f, kimlik ve modernle\u015fme ba\u011flam\u0131nda incelemektedir.<\/p>\n
\u201cOsmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi \u0130zmir Yahudileri,\u201d \u00f6ncelikle odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ili\u011finde Yahudiler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar genellikle 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda y\u00fckselen sahil burjuvazisine odaklan\u0131rken, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimlere ve toplum i\u00e7inden y\u00fckselen farkl\u0131 seslere \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, tekil bir \u201cYahudi toplumu\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kitaba g\u00f6re tek sesli bir gruptan bahsedemeyiz. Nitekim 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda belirginle\u015fen toplumsal hareketlilik s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli k\u0131r\u0131lmalar g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Karata\u015f gibi mahallelerde e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131 Yahudi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131Hristiyan okullar\u0131na gitmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, toplumsal ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n nas\u0131l \u015fekillendi\u011fi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Daha sek\u00fcler bir e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimseyen Alyans okullar\u0131 (Alliance Isra\u00e9lite Universelle) ve bu konudaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar, d\u00f6nemin entelekt\u00fcelleri taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u011fitim tercihleri, sadece din\u00ee kimlik \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, s\u0131n\u0131fsal konumlanmalarla da \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada kullan\u0131lan kaynaklar Osmanl\u0131 Yahudi toplumunda genellikle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilen s\u0131n\u0131fsal de\u011fi\u015fimleri ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Shavat Ani\u2019im (Yoksullar\u0131n Fery\u00e2d\u0131) gibi yay\u0131mlar, toplum i\u00e7inde yoksulluk ve adaletsizlik hissiyat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015f ve baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n kehillah\u2019tan (cemaat y\u00f6netiminden) ayr\u0131lma iste\u011fini peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu okuryazar kesime ait oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lanlar\u0131n halk\u0131n genel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Fakat Danon\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yenilik\u00e7idir. Judeo-Espanyol belgeleri ve Solitreo el yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 incelemesi, \u0130zmir Yahudilerinin \u00f6zg\u00fcn sesini bizlere duyurmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kaynaklara d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00e7ok az akademisyen eri\u015febilmekte, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 okuyan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 bir elin parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memektedir.<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131n ana fikrini, yazar\u0131n \u015fu c\u00fcmlesi \u00f6zetler: \u201c\u0130zmir\u2019deki bir Yahudi hammal\u0131n ilerleme vizyonunun, Frenk Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki Rum veya Ermeni t\u00fcccarlardan \u00e7ok, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman liman i\u015f\u00e7isi arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131nkine daha yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 sadece m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n
\u201dBu ifade, Osmanl\u0131 toplumunun homojen bir yap\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f sosyal, ekonomik ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yayg\u0131n olan \u201ct\u00fcm gayrim\u00fcslimler t\u00fcccard\u0131r\u201d ve \u201ct\u00fcm t\u00fcccarlar zengindir\u201d gibi alg\u0131lar, Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki ekonomik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi tam olarak yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r. Bu yan\u0131lg\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hayatta kalma yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131 (survivorship bias) sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc elimizdeki tarihsel kaynaklar genellikle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve varl\u0131kl\u0131 kesimlere odaklan\u0131rken, daha alt s\u0131n\u0131flara mensup gruplar g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 toplumunu sadece \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d ve \u201cgayrim\u00fcslimler\u201d \u015feklinde gettola\u015ft\u0131rmak, derinlemesine ve do\u011fru analizler yapmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu durumda, s\u0131n\u0131fsal aidiyetler etnik ve dini kimliklerden daha belirleyici olabilir. Danon\u2019un kitab\u0131 da tam olarak bu noktaya dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n
En nihayetinde dikkatimi \u00e7eken ba\u015fka bir nokta Danon\u2019un \u201cYahudi milleti\u201d veya \u201cYahudi toplumu\u201d yerine \u201ckehillah\u201dterimini kullanmas\u0131 oldu. Son d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 \u201cmillet sistemi\u201d teorisinin do\u011frulu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, bu \u00f6nemli bir tercih. Yazar\u0131n \u00f6zy\u00f6netim kavram\u0131n\u0131kehillah terimi \u00fczerinden ele almas\u0131, bir \u201cmillet sistemi\u201dnden ziyade her cemaatin kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn kimli\u011fi ve kaderi \u00fczerine vurgu yapar. Tabii ki bu \u00f6zy\u00f6netim bir yere kadar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; yazar\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere Yahudi hukukunun nihai uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bu kitap \u0130zmir Yahudi toplumunun tarihini ekonomik, toplumsal ve mek\u00e2nsal ba\u011flamlar\u0131yla ele alarak, konuya yeni bir perspektif getirmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 tarihi, Yahudi tarihi ve kent sosyolojisi alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan akademisyenler i\u00e7in de\u011ferli bir kaynak olan bu eser, genel okuyucu i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak uyarmal\u0131y\u0131m ki kitap a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, sayfa say\u0131s\u0131na aldanmamak gerekir. Her kelimesi dolu, katmanl\u0131 c\u00fcmleleriyle kitaba hakk\u0131n\u0131 vererek okumak, \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, vaktinizi alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.avlaremoz.com\/2025\/04\/11\/osmanli-izmirinde-yahudi-toplumunun-donusumu-dina-danonun-calismasi-uzerine\/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=osmanli-izmirinde-yahudi-toplumunun-donusumu-dina-danonun-calismasi-uzerine<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"DEFNE \u00d6Z\u00d6ZER Dina Danon\u2019un 2020\u2019de Stanford University Press\u2019ten yay\u0131mlanan kitab\u0131 \u201cThe Jews ofOttoman Izmir: A Modern History,\u201d Seda Kutsal\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisiyle \u201cOsmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u0130zmir Yahudileri: Modern Tarih\u201d ad\u0131yla Monografi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2024\u2019te bas\u0131ld\u0131. Dina Danon, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130zmir Yahudi toplumunun sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ele alan kapsaml\u0131 doktora tezini kitapla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":82968,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,33,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-izmir","category-kitaplar-elestiriler"],"yoast_head":"\n
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019inde Yahudi Toplumunun D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc: Dina Danon\u2019un \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00dczerine - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82967\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019inde Yahudi Toplumunun D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc: Dina Danon\u2019un \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00dczerine - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DEFNE \u00d6Z\u00d6ZER Dina Danon\u2019un 2020\u2019de Stanford University Press\u2019ten yay\u0131mlanan kitab\u0131 \u201cThe Jews ofOttoman Izmir: A Modern History,\u201d Seda Kutsal\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisiyle \u201cOsmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u0130zmir Yahudileri: Modern Tarih\u201d ad\u0131yla Monografi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2024\u2019te bas\u0131ld\u0131. 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