{"id":82653,"date":"2025-03-12T05:06:29","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T10:06:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82653"},"modified":"2025-03-12T05:08:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T10:08:51","slug":"1920de-vatandas-hiristiyan-isbirlikcidir-fetvasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82653","title":{"rendered":"1920\u2019de \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyan i\u015fbirlik\u00e7idir\u2019 fetvas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nevzat Onaran<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

nevzatonaran@gmail.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

1914-1922 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu\u2019dan milyonlarca Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan tasfiye edilmi\u015fti. 1914\u2019te, TC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde y\u00fczde 20\u2019lerde olan gayri \u0130slam milletlerin pay\u0131, temizlik harek\u00e2t\u0131yla 1927\u2019de y\u00fczde 2,8\u2019e gerilemi\u015fti. Bug\u00fcnlerde oran\u0131n tahminen binde 1\u2019lerde olmas\u0131, harek\u00e2t\u0131n yal\u0131n \u00f6zetidir. \u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018y\u00fczde 99 \u0130slam\u2019a b\u00f6yle var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/strong><\/em><\/header>\n
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Nisan 1920\u2019de \u2018Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019nin Ankara\u2019s\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019u iktidar kavgas\u0131n\u0131 fetvalarla kutsad\u0131lar\u2026 \u0130stanbul, ilk a\u00e7\u0131klayand\u0131. \u0130kisi de \u2018S\u00fcnni \u0130slam \u015feriat\u2019\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6tekini su\u00e7luyordu. Ankara Fetvas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re, \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019 ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u201ci\u015fgalci d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi\u201ddir ve \u00f6nerilense \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ellerinden geleni yapmas\u0131<\/strong>\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul fetvas\u0131nda sadece \u015eeyh\u00fclislam D\u00fcrrizade Abdullah\u2019\u0131n imzas\u0131 varken, Ankara ise Anadolu m\u00fcft\u00fclerini ve ulemas\u0131n\u0131 seferber etmi\u015fti. Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc ve Ankara M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti Reisi Mehmet R\u0131fat<\/strong>\u00a0[B\u00f6rek\u00e7i] ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplam 20 ki\u015filik grubun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fetvay\u0131 153 ulema imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hem iktidar me\u015fruiyetini peki\u015ftirmeyi hem de ahaliye \u201ckimin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlatman\u0131n\u201d arac\u0131 fetvalar, dinin iktidar m\u00fccadelesinde fonksiyonunu da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lan eylemdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130STANBUL\u2019UN \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130 VE ANKARA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ankara, \u0130stanbul\u2019un resmen i\u015fgal edildi\u011fi(1)<\/strong>\u00a016 Mart\u2019tan bir g\u00fcn sonra harekete ge\u00e7ti.\u00a0Anadolu ve Rumeli\u00a0M\u00fcdafaa-i\u00a0Hukuk\u00a0Cemiyeti (ARMHC) y\u00f6netimi ad\u0131na yazan Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, vilayetleri, kolordular\u0131, posta-telgraf ba\u015f m\u00fcd\u00fcrlerini ve t\u00fcm ilgilileri uyard\u0131; \u201c[ARMHC] Hey\u2019eti Temsiliye\u2019nin mal\u00fbmat\u0131 ve muvafakati olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, hi\u00e7bir makam ve memur \u0130stanbul ile muhabere\u201d etmeyecektir.(2)<\/strong>\u00a0Bu, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n \u2018yeni\u2019 iktidar oda\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funun ilk ad\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Zamanla emre uymayanlar da \u2018i\u00e7 ayaklanma\u2019 gerek\u00e7esiyle tasfiye edilmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

12 Ocak 1920\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da toplanan Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019a kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve Ankara\u2019da kalm\u0131\u015f Erzurum Mebusu Mustafa Kemal, i\u015fgal nedeniyle \u0130stanbul\u2019da toplanmas\u0131 \u201certelenen\u201d meclisin(3)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2018yeniden\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131. ARMHC y\u00f6netimi ad\u0131na\u00a0Mustafa Kemal ve 15. Kolordu Kumandan\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in<\/strong>\u00a0(17-19 Mart\u2019ta) yaz\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla, yeni se\u00e7ileceklerle birlikte mebuslar\u0131n Ankara\u2019da toplanmas\u0131 ve vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n se\u00e7ime kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.(4)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nutuk\u2019ta o g\u00fcnler de hat\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u015fgali sonras\u0131nda birtak\u0131m \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Mustafa Kemal, 19 Mart\u2019ta meclisin Ankara\u2019da toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildiride, se\u00e7im ve meclis hakk\u0131nda olup, vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyan\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7ime kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen h\u00fck\u00fcm yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cAnas\u0131r\u0131 gayri m\u00fcslime intihabata [se\u00e7ime] i\u015ftirak ettirilmeyecektir<\/strong>\u201d maddesi sans\u00fcrlenmi\u015fti.(5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul, yeni iktidar oda\u011f\u0131 Ankara\u2019da meclisin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve mebuslar\u0131n gelmesini koordine edenleri hedefleyen fetvas\u0131n\u0131 11 Nisan\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ankara da \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

\u0130STANBUL: PAD\u0130\u015eAHA VE HAL\u0130FE\u2019YE \u0130HANET ED\u0130LD\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Fetvas\u0131 olarak bilinen\u00a0\u015eeyh\u00fclislam D\u00fcrrizade Abdullah\u2019\u0131n<\/a>\u00a0fetvas\u0131, 11 Nisan 1920\u2019de\u00a0Takvim-i Vekayi<\/em>\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tamam\u0131 be\u015f fetvayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1- Padi\u015fah\u0131n buyru\u011funu almadan asker toplayanlardan, \u015feriata uymayan ve y\u00fcksek emirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 haks\u0131z vergiler koyanlardan, insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren ve kan d\u00f6kenlerden, haberle\u015fmeyi kesenlerden, hilafete ve padi\u015faha ihanet edenlerden \u201cmemleketi temizlemek ve kullar\u0131 fenal\u0131klardan kurtarmak<\/strong>\u00a0dince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli olup, Allah\u2019\u0131n \u2018\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz\u2019 emri gere\u011fince \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri \u015feriata uygun ve farz m\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201cAllah bilir ki, olur.\u201d<\/p>\n

2- Halifemiz Sultan Vahdettin etraf\u0131nda toplanarak verece\u011fi emre uymak ve \u201cad\u0131 ge\u00e7en asilerle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak<\/strong>\u201d dince gerekir mi?<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n

3- Halife Hazretleri etraf\u0131nda, \u201cs\u00f6z\u00fc edilen asilerle sava\u015fmak\u201d \u00fczere g\u00f6revlendirilenler, ka\u00e7arlarsa \u201csu\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f olacaklar\u0131ndan\u201d\u00a0\u015fiddetli cezay\u0131 ve ahirette ac\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0azab\u0131 hak ederler mi?<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] ederler.\u201d<\/p>\n

4- \u201cBu takdirde, Halife askerlerinden asileri\u00a0\u00f6ld\u00fcrenler gazi, asilerin \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u015fehit<\/strong>\u00a0say\u0131l\u0131rlar m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] say\u0131l\u0131rlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

5- Padi\u015fah\u0131n asilerle sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi emre itaat etmeyen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar,\u00a0\u015feriat yarg\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0hak ederler mi?<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] ederler.\u201d\u00a0(6)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eeyh\u00fclislam D\u00fcrrizade\u2019nin fetvas\u0131na g\u00f6re, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n lider kadrosu ve birlikte olanlar, din d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u015feriata uygundur.<\/p>\n

ANKARA: VATANDA\u015e M\u00dcSL\u00dcMANLARA FARZDIR<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan 11 Nisan 1920 tarihli \u015eeyh\u00fclislam\u2019\u0131n fetvas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc ve Ankara M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti Reisi\u00a0Mehmet R\u0131fat [B\u00f6rek\u00e7i]<\/a>\u00a0ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplam 20 ki\u015filik grup Ankara Fetvas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131. 14 Nisan 1920 tarihli fetva, 19-25 Nisan\u2019da \u00d6\u011f\u00fct, \u0130rade-i Milliye ve A\u00e7\u0131ks\u00f6z gazetelerinde yay\u0131mland\u0131.(7)<\/strong><\/p>\n

16 Nisan\u2019da ARMHC y\u00f6netimi, fetvay\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fcklere g\u00f6nderdi ve onlardan onamas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Ankara Fetvas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 aralar\u0131nda Denizli, K\u00fctahya, Diyarbak\u0131r, Tokat, Merzifon, Urfa, Isparta, H\u0131n\u0131s, Mudanya, Viran\u015fehir, Mara\u015f ve Van m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin bulundu\u011fu\u00a073\u2019\u00fc m\u00fcft\u00fc 153 ulema<\/strong>\u00a0imzalad\u0131 ve listesi 5 May\u0131s\u2019ta\u00a0H\u00e2kimiyet-i Milliye\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131<\/em>.(8)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ankara Fetvas\u0131 be\u015f fetvadan ibaretti.<\/p>\n

1- Halifelik makam\u0131 ve saltanat\u0131n yeri \u0130stanbul i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f, \u201c[\u2026] Halife, milletin ger\u00e7ek menfaatleri u\u011frunda tedbir almaktan fiilen men\u2019 edilmi\u015ftir. [\u2026] Yine Halife\u2019nin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 olan \u0130zmir, Adana, Mara\u015f ve Urfa taraflar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmanlar sald\u0131r\u0131p oradakileri\u00a0M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan [H\u0131ristiyan, NO] uyruklar\u0131m\u0131zla<\/strong>\u00a0el ele vererek \u0130slamlar\u0131 toptan yok etmeye, mallar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalamaya ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131na tecav\u00fcze, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn kutsal inan\u00e7lar\u0131na hakarete kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. [\u2026]\u00a0ellerinden geleni yapmalar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara farz<\/strong>\u00a0olur mu?\u201d<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201cTanr\u0131 (Allah) en iyi bilir ki, olur\u201d<\/p>\n

2- \u201c[\u2026] Halifeli\u011fin me\u015fru hakk\u0131n\u0131 elinden alanlardan ve fiilen sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan\u00a0vatan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmandan temizlemek<\/strong>\u00a0i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130slam halk\u0131, \u015eeriat\u00e7a Tanr\u0131 (Allah) yolundan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurlar m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] olmazlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

3- \u201cHalifeli\u011fin gasp edilen d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan m\u00fccadelede \u00f6lenler \u2018\u015fehit\u2019, kalanlar \u2018gazi\u2019 olurlar m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] olurlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

4- \u201cBu suretle\u00a0din u\u011frunda sava\u015fan<\/strong>\u00a0ve g\u00f6revini yapan halka d\u00fc\u015fman taraf\u0131na iltizam ederek (kat\u0131lan) \u0130slamlar [\u2026] \u015feriat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cen b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015f ve fesat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemi\u015f olurlar m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] olurlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

5- \u201c[\u2026]\u00a0d\u00fc\u015fman devletlerin zoru ve kand\u0131rmas\u0131 ile<\/strong>\u00a0[\u2026] \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan fetvalar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in \u015feriat\u00e7a dinlenir mi ve ona uyulur mu?\u201d<\/p>\n

Cevap: \u201c[\u2026] uyulmaz.\u201d(9)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc Mehmet R\u0131fat\u2019\u0131n fetvas\u0131n\u0131n 5\u2019incisi do\u011frudan \u0130stanbul Fetvas\u0131\u2019na cevabendir.\u00a0Damat Ferid<\/a>\u00a0H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin 5 Nisan\u2019da kurulmas\u0131ndan alt\u0131 g\u00fcn sonra, \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman devletlerin zoru ve kand\u0131rmas\u0131yla\u201d haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen \u015eeyh\u00fclislam D\u00fcrrizade Abdullah\u2019\u0131n fetvas\u0131na \u201c\u015feriat\u00e7a uyulmaz\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc Mehmet R\u0131fat\u2019\u0131n fetvas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer d\u00f6rd\u00fc, \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlarla\u2019 ilgilidir; \u0130\u015fgalci d\u00fc\u015fmanla el ele veren \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan uyruklara [vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlara, NO]\u201d kar\u015f\u0131, \u201cellerinden geleni yapan\u201d ve \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 vatandan temizleyen<\/strong>\u201d M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Allah yolundan ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu m\u00fccadelede \u00f6len \u015fehit ve kalanlar gazi olup, d\u00fc\u015fman saf\u0131na ge\u00e7enler en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015f olurlar.<\/p>\n

Bu, ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 hedef g\u00f6steriyordu ve \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyan\u2019a\u00a0cihat<\/a>\u00a0ilan\u0131yd\u0131!<\/p>\n

TBMM A\u00c7ILI\u015eINA \u0130SLAM\u0130 PROGRAM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, 21 Nisan 1920\u2019de vilayetlere, kolordulara, belediye ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na ve t\u00fcm ilgililere meclisin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacaklar\u0131 bildirdi:<\/p>\n

\u201cTanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla Nisan\u2019\u0131n 23\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc, Cuma namaz\u0131ndan sonra Ankara\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r\u201d (madde 1).<\/p>\n

\u201cVatan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcce Halifelik ve Padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>\u201d g\u00f6revini yapacak B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi [BMM] a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn say\u0131n milletvekilleriyle birlikte, kutlu Hac\u0131 Bayram Camisi\u2019nde Cuma namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131narak Kuran\u2019\u0131n ve namaz\u0131n nurlar\u0131ndan \u0131\u015f\u0131klan\u0131lacak ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Namazdan sonra,\u00a0Peygamberimizin kutlu sakal\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0ve kutsal sancak al\u0131narak [meclisin toplanaca\u011f\u0131] \u00f6zel yere gidilecektir. Toplant\u0131 yerine gidilmeden \u00f6nce bir dua okunarak kurbanlar kesilecektir. \u0130\u015fbu t\u00f6rende, camiden ba\u015flayarak, meclise de\u011fin, Kolordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca askeri birliklerle \u00f6zel [t\u00f6ren] d\u00fczeni al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.\u201d (Madde 2.)<\/p>\n

Meclisin toplant\u0131 yerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u201cbug\u00fcn\u00fcn [23 Nisan\u2019\u0131n, NO] kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in\u201d bug\u00fcnden [21 Nisan\u2019dan, NO] itibaren \u201chatim indirilmeye ve Buhari [dipnot: hadisler] okunmaya ba\u015flanacakt\u0131r\u201d (madde 3).<\/p>\n

\u201cKutsal ve yaral\u0131 yurdumuzun her k\u00f6\u015fesinde, yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u015fimdiden\u00a0hatim indirilmeye ve Buhari okunmaya ba\u015flanacakt\u0131r<\/strong>\u00a0[\u2026] Her yerde Cuma namaz\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclecek \u015fekilde \u2018mevlit\u2019 okunacakt\u0131r\u201d (madde 4).<\/p>\n

Bildirim, \u201ctez elden k\u00f6ylere, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck askeri birliklere, yurttaki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctlere ve kurumlara\u201d ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r (madde 5).<\/p>\n

\u201cCenab-\u0131 haktan tam ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 yakar\u0131r\u0131z\u201d (madde 6).(10)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ankara Fetvas\u0131\u2019yla b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6steren iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck program\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de, vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyan\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131 engellenen ve\u00a0se\u00e7meniyle se\u00e7ileni \u0130slam olan<\/strong>\u00a0BMM<\/strong>, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, sonradan TBMM olacak BMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n, Mustafa Kemal \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki hareketin iktidar merkezi oldu\u011fu ilan ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

Yeni iktidar oda\u011f\u0131 Ankara, BMM\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla iktidar m\u00fccadelesinde \u00f6ne ge\u00e7ti ve Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019\u0131 kapal\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un tasfiyesinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

7 Haziran 1920 tarihli kanunla, \u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u015fgal edildi\u011fi 16 Mart 1920\u2019den itibaren \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin tasvibi [onay\u0131] haricinde \u0130stanbul\u2019ca akdedilmi\u015f veya edilecek [imzalanm\u0131\u015f veya imzalanacak]\u201d b\u00fct\u00fcn anla\u015fmalar\u0131n \u201ckeenlemyek\u00fcn [ge\u00e7ersiz]\u201d oldu\u011fu beyan edilmi\u015ftir.(11)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ankara, art\u0131k tek iktidar oda\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n(12)<\/strong>\u00a0miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r!<\/p>\n

\u2018TEM\u0130ZL\u0130K\u2019 VE CUMHUR\u0130YET<\/strong><\/p>\n

73\u2019\u00fc m\u00fcft\u00fc 153 uleman\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ankara Fetvas\u0131\u2019nda temel \u00f6nerme, \u201cfiilen sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan vatan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmandan temizlemek\u201dtir. Hedef \u2018d\u00fc\u015fman\u2019sa, hem i\u015fgalci hem de ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan uyruklar\u0131m\u0131z\u201d yani \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fetvan\u0131n zihniyeti egemendi; T\u00fcrk ordusunun \u0130zmir\u2019e girdi\u011fi 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019den d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n mahallelerinde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan yang\u0131n(13)<\/strong>\u00a0tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildi\u2026 19 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de bile Ege\u2019de vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlar<\/a>\u00a0sahile kovalanmaya devam edilmi\u015fti. Hatta S\u00fcnni \u0130slam literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2018ganimet<\/a>\u2019ine g\u00f6re,\u00a0\u0130zmir Harp Ganimet Komisyonu<\/a>\u00a0da kurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Bu zihniyetin ge\u00e7mi\u015finde, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1915 ve Halife Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 1890\u2019lar icraat\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

1914-1922 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu\u2019dan milyonlarca Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan tasfiye edilmi\u015fti. 1914\u2019te, TC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde y\u00fczde 20\u2019lerde olan gayri \u0130slam milletlerin pay\u0131, temizlik harek\u00e2t\u0131yla 1927\u2019de y\u00fczde 2,8\u2019e gerilemi\u015fti.(14)<\/strong>\u00a0Bug\u00fcnlerde oran\u0131n tahminen binde 1\u2019lerde olmas\u0131, harek\u00e2t\u0131n yal\u0131n \u00f6zetidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018y\u00fczde 99 \u0130slam\u2019a b\u00f6yle var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in, \u2018e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k\u2019 ve \u2018can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u2019 amac\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u2018Cumhuriyet\u2019in niye demokratikle\u015femedi\u011fi?<\/strong>\u2019 meselesinde, S\u00fcnni \u0130slamc\u0131-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc zihniyetin-prati\u011fin ele\u015ftirisinde yo\u011funla\u015fmak ve a\u015fmak zorunday\u0131z!<\/p>\n

\n

NOTLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1)<\/strong>\u00a0Fahir Armao\u011flu, \u0130ngiliz Belgelerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u0130\u015fgali (16 Mart 1920),\u00a0Belleten<\/em>, cilt: 62, say\u0131: 234, A\u011fustos 1998, s. 467-494.
\n2)<\/strong>\u00a0K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir,\u00a0\u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbimiz,<\/em>\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul-1960, s. 536.
\n3)<\/strong>\u00a0MMZC<\/em>, devre: 4, cilt: 1, 18 Mart 1920, s. 496-7.
\n4)<\/strong>\u00a0K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, age, s. 543-548;\u00a0T\u00fcrk Parlamento Tarihi<\/em>,\u00a0I. D\u00f6nem<\/em>\u00a0(1919-1923), cilt: 1, Ankara-1994, s. 27, 37-38.
\n5)<\/strong>\u00a0Mustafa Kemal,\u00a0Nutuk-S\u00f6ylev (1919-1920)<\/em>, cilt: 1, 2. bask\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara-1986, s. 563-565; T\u00fcrk Parlamento Tarihi, I. D\u00f6nem (1919-1923)<\/em>, cilt: 1, s. 27; K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, age, s. 544.
\n6)<\/strong>\u00a0Ali Kuzu,\u00a0Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Atat\u00fcrk ve Din Adamlar\u0131<\/em>, Parola Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2014, s. 12-14.
\n7)<\/strong>\u00a0Ali Kuzu, age, s. 17, 19; Recep \u00c7elik, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele G\u00fcnlerinde Din Adamlar\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, Ankara-2017, s. 167-8.
\n8)<\/strong>\u00a0Ali Kuzu, age, s. 19, 21-26; Recep \u00c7elik\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda 78\u2019i m\u00fcft\u00fc 151 ulema imzalad\u0131, Recep \u00c7elik, age, s. 168-173.
\n9)<\/strong>\u00a0Ali Kuzu, age, s. 17-8.
\n10)<\/strong>\u00a0Mustafa Kemal,\u00a0Nutuk-S\u00f6ylev (1919-1920)<\/em>, cilt: 1, s. 576-577.
\n11)<\/strong>\u00a07.6.1336 [1920] tarih ve 7 no\u2019lu 16.3.1336 tarihinden itibaren \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmetince Aktedilen Bilc\u00fcmle Mukavel\u00e2t, Uhudat ve Sairenin Keenlemyek\u00fcn Addi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, TBMM ZC, d\u00f6nem: 1, cilt: 2, 7.6.1336, s. 139-145; D\u00dcSTUR, 3. Tertip, cilt: 1, 2. bas\u0131l\u0131\u015f, Ankara-1953, s. 13.
\n12)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130ki bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l sonra Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, TBMM\u2019nin 30 Te\u015frinievvel 1338 (Ekim 1922) tarih ve 307 no\u2019lu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Bitti\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Etti\u011fine Dair Karar\u0131, TBMM ZC, d\u00f6nem: 1, cilt: 24, 30.10.1922, s. 269-298; D\u00dcSTUR, 3. Tertip, cilt: 3, Milliyet Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul-1929, s. 149.
\n13)<\/strong>\u00a0Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, tutanaklar-belgeler<\/em>, \u00e7eviren: Seha. L. Meray, cilt: 4 ve 7, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s. 151-157 ve s. 95-96;\u00a0\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Defterler<\/em>\u00a0(1919-1973), Ahmet Demirel (haz\u0131rlayan), cilt: 1, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2001, s. 40-41;\u00a0\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Hat\u0131ralar,<\/em>\u00a0Sabahattin Selek (haz\u0131rlayan), Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara-2006, s. 285-286; Dora Sakayan,\u00a0Bir Ermeni Doktorun Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Garabet Ha\u00e7eryan\u2019\u0131n \u0130zmir G\u00fcncesi,<\/em>\u00a0\u00e7eviren: Atilla Tuygan, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2005, s. 13-18, 44-45, 54-60, 61-67; Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay,\u00a0\u00c7ankaya,<\/em>\u00a0Bate\u015f Atat\u00fcrk Dizisi, \u0130stanbul-1998, s. 324.
\n14)<\/strong>\u00a0Kemal H. Karpat,\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 N\u00fcfusu (1830-1914)<\/em>, \u00e7eviren: Bahar T\u0131rnakc\u0131, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2003, s. 208-227;\u00a0Umumi N\u00fcfus Tahriri (1927)<\/em>, Fasik\u00fcl 1, \u0130statistik Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Ankara-1929, s. xv\u0131\u0131, lx.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Nevzat Onaran Kimdir?<\/h2>\n

\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden mezun oldu. Bir s\u00fcre muhasebecilik yapt\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan ekonomi muhabiri olarak \u00d6zg\u00fcr G\u00fcndem, Evrensel d\u00e2hil bir\u00e7ok gazete ve dergide \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem okumalar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin ekonomi politi\u011finin analizinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. 1915-1940 d\u00f6nemini inceleyen d\u00f6rt kitab\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/h3>\n

https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/1920de-vatandas-hiristiyan-isbirlikcidir-fetvasi-makale-1763315\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nevzat Onaran nevzatonaran@gmail.com 1914-1922 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu\u2019dan milyonlarca Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan tasfiye edilmi\u015fti. 1914\u2019te, TC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde y\u00fczde 20\u2019lerde olan gayri \u0130slam milletlerin pay\u0131, temizlik harek\u00e2t\u0131yla 1927\u2019de y\u00fczde 2,8\u2019e gerilemi\u015fti. Bug\u00fcnlerde oran\u0131n tahminen binde 1\u2019lerde olmas\u0131, harek\u00e2t\u0131n yal\u0131n \u00f6zetidir. \u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018y\u00fczde 99 \u0130slam\u2019a b\u00f6yle var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131! Nisan 1920\u2019de \u2018Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019nin Ankara\u2019s\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019u iktidar kavgas\u0131n\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":82654,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72,1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belge","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n1920\u2019de \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyan i\u015fbirlik\u00e7idir\u2019 fetvas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82653\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1920\u2019de \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyan i\u015fbirlik\u00e7idir\u2019 fetvas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nevzat Onaran nevzatonaran@gmail.com 1914-1922 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu\u2019dan milyonlarca Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan tasfiye edilmi\u015fti. 1914\u2019te, TC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde y\u00fczde 20\u2019lerde olan gayri \u0130slam milletlerin pay\u0131, temizlik harek\u00e2t\u0131yla 1927\u2019de y\u00fczde 2,8\u2019e gerilemi\u015fti. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82653","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"1920\u2019de \u2018vatanda\u015f H\u0131ristiyan i\u015fbirlik\u00e7idir\u2019 fetvas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Nevzat Onaran nevzatonaran@gmail.com 1914-1922 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu\u2019dan milyonlarca Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan tasfiye edilmi\u015fti. 1914\u2019te, TC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde y\u00fczde 20\u2019lerde olan gayri \u0130slam milletlerin pay\u0131, temizlik harek\u00e2t\u0131yla 1927\u2019de y\u00fczde 2,8\u2019e gerilemi\u015fti. 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