{"id":82610,"date":"2025-03-10T01:34:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T06:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610"},"modified":"2025-03-10T01:34:38","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T06:34:38","slug":"oteki-karadeniz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6teki \u2018Karadeniz\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlikler de inkar edilmi\u015f, asimilasyon politikalar\u0131yla da yeni bir \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 kimli\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, m\u00fczi\u011fi vs. olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Kadir G\u00dcNEY<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karadeniz, tarih boyunca \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gruplara ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6lge olmu\u015ftur. Antik d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren Pontos Rumlar\u0131, Lazlar, Hem\u015finliler, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Ermeniler gibi halklar bu co\u011frafyada kendi dillerini, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve geleneklerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M.\u00d6. 100\u2019den bu yana bu topraklarda bulunan Pontoslular, 8. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayanan Hem\u015finliler ve M.\u00d6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayanan Lazlar, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde artan milliyet\u00e7ilikle birlikte asimilasyona maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cCumhuriyetin kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte Karadeniz\u2019de ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n kimli\u011fi yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Rumlar, Lazlar, Hem\u015finliler gibi topluluklar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve dilleri ink\u00e2r edilerek \u201cKaradenizlilik\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda tek tip bir kimlik yarat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1<\/p>\n

S\u00dcRG\u00dcN YA DA AS\u0130M\u0130LASYON<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu topraklar\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k yerlileri s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde \u201ctek dil, tek millet\u201d ideolojisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde farkl\u0131 etnik kimlikler tek tiple\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Rumlar s\u00fcrg\u00fcne zorlanm\u0131\u015f, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te a\u00e7l\u0131k, hastal\u0131k ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Hayatta kalanlar ise kendilerine yabanc\u0131 gelen topraklara g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201c1921\u2019de Samsun\u2019dan Kavak\u2019a sevk edilen 766 ki\u015filik Rum kafilesi, Canik Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda<\/p>\n

e\u015fk\u0131yan\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f; bir\u00e7ok Rum \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d 2<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve bask\u0131lara ra\u011fmen anavatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmeyenler asimilasyona maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, dillerini ve geleneklerini unutturularak \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d olarak ya\u015famaya zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, b\u00f6lgenin kimliksizle\u015ftirilmesinin ve yeni bir kimlik yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n temelini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0130LLER\u0130N YASAKLANMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yeni cumhuriyet, b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fananlar\u0131n haf\u0131zalar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fananlar\u0131 tamamen silmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Latin alfabesini zorunlu k\u0131lan Harf Kanunu ile birlikte, ba\u015fta Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm dillerin yasaklanmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir. O zamana kadar anadillerinde konu\u015fan Hem\u015finliler, Lazlar ve Rumlar, yeni bir dille tan\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cT\u00fcrk ulus kimli\u011finin temelini olu\u015fturan \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d, asl\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu dilsel ulus\u00e7uluk, beraberinde di\u011fer konu\u015fulan dillerin yok olmas\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir.\u201d 3<\/p>\n

1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cAd De\u011fi\u015ftirme Komisyonu\u201dkarar\u0131yla b\u00f6lgede konu\u015fulan Rumca, Lazca ve Hem\u015fince il ve yer isimleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan her hamle orada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131, ya\u015fananlar\u0131 unutturmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131. Yap\u0131lan hamleler sonras\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrler, gelenekler diller yok olma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

YEN\u0130 D\u0130LE ALI\u015eMA: \u2018KARADEN\u0130Z \u015e\u0130VES\u0130\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r farkl\u0131 diller konu\u015fan halklar, \u201c\u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma\u201d ad\u0131na tek dil ve tek millet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmaya, yazmaya ve \u00f6\u011frenmeye zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda e\u011fitim alma imk\u00e2n\u0131<\/p>\n

bulamam\u0131\u015f, anadillerine dair materyal, gazete ve kitap \u00e7\u0131karamam\u0131\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla okuyamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fma zorunlulu\u011funun bir sonucu olarak ise her halk\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u201d geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, her halk\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, kendi dil yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 telaffuz bi\u00e7imleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015f ve b\u00f6lge insanlar\u0131 tek bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fuyor gibi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n dilleri, sadece \u201cuy\u201d, \u201caha\u201d, \u201cha\u00e7an\u201d gibi kelimelerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131larak temsil edilmi\u015f ve bu b\u00f6lgenin halk\u0131 genellikle \u201ckomik\u201d ve \u201csaf\u201d olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktidarlar\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek tiple\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131, dil \u00fczerinden hayata ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve bu durum medya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla topluma servis edilmi\u015ftir. Karag\u00f6z-Hacivat oyunlar\u0131ndaki Laz karakterinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ske\u00e7 programlar\u0131ndaki \u201c\u015five komedisine\u201d, Temel f\u0131kralar\u0131ndan \u201cTemel\u201d filmlerine kadar bu alg\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada \u201cTemel\u201d ve \u201cLaz\u201d olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lan yeni karakter oran\u0131n \u00e7ok dillili\u011fini, \u00e7ok hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelen bir tutumla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel karakteri, \u201cLaz\u201d olarak g\u00f6sterilse de asl\u0131nda orada ya\u015fayan Rumlar da kastedilmektedir. Karag\u00f6z, Hacivat ve Laz Karakteri Tek tiple\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yok say\u0131lan ve yaln\u0131zca \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fck\u201d kimli\u011fi \u00fczerinden yeniden \u015fekillendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan yeni \u201cKaradenizli\u201d imaj\u0131, her alanda topluma empoze edilmi\u015ftir. Bu alg\u0131n\u0131n topluma aktar\u0131m\u0131, Karag\u00f6z-Hacivat gibi geleneksel g\u00f6lge oyunlar\u0131na kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6keni tam olarak bilinmese de 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren sahnelenen Karag\u00f6z-Hacivat oyunlar\u0131nda, her y\u00f6re insan\u0131 bir karakter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla temsil edilir. Ancak, Karadeniz halklar\u0131 bu oyunlarda yaln\u0131zca \u201cLaz\u201d kimli\u011fi \u00fczerinden yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Laz karakteri, \u201ch\u0131zl\u0131 konu\u015fan\u201d, \u201c\u00e7abuk \u00f6fkelenip hemen sakinle\u015fen\u201d, \u201ce\u011flenceli ancak aceleci\u201d tav\u0131rlar\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131rken, sahneye \u201chareketli\u201d, \u201cenerjik ve biraz saf\u201d bir karakter olarak \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu anlat\u0131lan y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r Karadeniz\u2019de olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan yeni kimli\u011fin \u00f6zellikleriydi.<\/p>\n

FIKRALARLA ALGI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 toplumu ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n aynas\u0131 olan Karag\u00f6z oyununda yer alan Laz karakterinin, T\u00fcrk f\u0131kra gelene\u011fine Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde eklenen Temel\u2019in atas\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve her ikisinin de Karadeniz erke\u011finin ki\u015file\u015ftirilmi\u015f formu oldu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur.\u201d 4<\/p>\n

F\u0131kralar, masum hik\u00e2yeler olarak anlat\u0131lsa da \u015fu \u015fekilde de tan\u0131mlanabilir:<\/p>\n

\u201cF\u0131kralar insanlar\u0131n, mesleklerin, beldelerin, milletlerin \u00f6zel veya genel vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan, mazinin ve gelene\u011fin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birer belgedir\u201d5 Bu perspektiften bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cTemel\u201d karakterinin masum bir fig\u00fcr olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cLaz\u201d karakteri ile yarat\u0131lan alg\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde \u201cTemel\u201d, \u201cDursun\u201d gibi karakterler \u00fcretilmi\u015f, isimleri de\u011fi\u015fse bile \u00f6zellikleri ayn\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

F\u0131kralar\u0131n temel ki\u015fisi \u201cTemel\u201ddir; Fadime onun e\u015fi ya da sevgilisi, Dursun, \u0130dris, Cemal ise yan karakterlerdir. Temel f\u0131kralar\u0131nda Karadeniz halk\u0131 genellikle \u201ckomik\u201d, \u201ckafas\u0131 az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u201d, \u201cmant\u0131ks\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen\u201d ya da \u201cpratik zek\u00e2l\u0131\u201d biri olarak sunulmu\u015ftur. 6<\/p>\n

Bu masum g\u00f6r\u00fcnen f\u0131kralar, zamanla Karadenizlileri \u00f6tekile\u015ftiren bir ara\u00e7 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta dar bir b\u00f6lgenin kendi mizah anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde anonim olarak \u00fcretilen f\u0131kralar, Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019den \u0130stanbul\u2019a b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta g\u00f6\u00e7 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1950-1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcre ge\u00e7erken el de\u011fi\u015ftirerek Karadenizlileri \u00f6tekile\u015ftirme arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d 7<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Temel, askere giden arkada\u015f\u0131na mektup yazar: \u201cDursuncu\u011fum, hi\u00e7bir i\u015fum olmad\u0131\u011fi i\u00e7un<\/p>\n

sana rahet\u00e7a bu mektubu yazayirum. Fekat yazacak bir \u015fey akl\u0131ma gelmadu\u011fi i\u00e7un de<\/p>\n

mektubumu burada keseyirum.\u201d<\/p>\n

S\u0130NEMADA \u201cKARADEN\u0130Z\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

F\u0131kralar ve g\u00f6lge oyunlar\u0131ndan sonra, Karadenizli kimli\u011fi sinema ve televizyon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da \u015fekillendirilmi\u015ftir. \u201cT\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda gayrim\u00fcslimler genellikle \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc kad\u0131n\u2019 ve \u2018m\u00fcrebbiye\u2019 rollerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ahmet Fehim\u2019in 1919 yap\u0131m\u0131 M\u00fcrebbiye filmi, Muhsin Ertu\u011frul\u2019un 1933 yap\u0131m\u0131 Cici Berber ve 1938 yap\u0131m\u0131 Aynaroz Kad\u0131s\u0131 filmleri bu anlay\u0131\u015fa \u00f6rnektir\u201d 8<\/p>\n

Yarat\u0131lmak istenen yeni kimli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 eski kimlikler k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00f6sterilmek zorundayd\u0131 ve \u00f6yle de oldu. \u201cT\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131nda Rum kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ise \u2018genelev i\u015fletmecisi, fahi\u015fe ve \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 karakterler olarak temsil edilmi\u015ftir.\u201d 9<\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil\u00e7am sinemas\u0131, Karadenizlileri genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f \u201ckomik\u201d fig\u00fcrler olarak betimlemi\u015ftir. Ay\u015fe Y\u00fcksel\u2019e g\u00f6re: \u201cYe\u015fil\u00e7am sinemas\u0131, Karadenizli temsili konusunda genellikle<\/p>\n

f\u0131kralardan esinlenerek karikat\u00fcrle\u015ftirilmi\u015f karakterler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d10<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu anlay\u0131\u015f, Amerikal\u0131lar Karadeniz\u2019de 2, S\u00fcmela\u2019n\u0131n \u015eifresi, Oflu Hoca\u2019n\u0131n \u015eifresi, Vatikan\u2019\u0131n \u015eifresi: Bir Temel Maceras\u0131 gibi filmlerle devam etmektedir. \u201cT\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 konu edinen filmlerde Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fayan Rumlar, Yunan askerleriyle beraber hareket eden i\u015fbirlik\u00e7iler olarak tasvir edilirler. Rum kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ise T\u00fcrk askerlerini ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, ahlaks\u0131z veya d\u00fc\u015fman ajan\u0131 rollerinde sunulmu\u015ftur.\u201d 11<\/p>\n

Yeni yarat\u0131lan kimli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan halklar d\u00fc\u015fman olarak g\u00f6sterildi ve aradaki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kendi anadilinde \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler, anadilinde e\u011fitim talebinde bulunanlar \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Asl\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fman olarak g\u00f6sterilen tarih binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r bu topraklarda ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n kendisidir. Karadeniz, tarih boyunca medeniyetlerin be\u015fi\u011fi olmu\u015f, sanat, edebiyat ve ticarette \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sunmu\u015ftur. Ancak y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca b\u00f6lge insan\u0131n\u0131 \u201csaf\u201d ve \u201ckomik\u201d olarak resmeden pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr, bu tarihsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n g\u00f6lgede kalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

STEREOT\u0130PLER \u00dcZER\u0130NDEN \u0130N\u015eA ED\u0130LEN KARADEN\u0130ZL\u0130 K\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sineman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra televizyon dizilerinde de \u201cKaradenizli\u201d kimli\u011fi belirli kal\u0131plar i\u00e7inde in\u015fa edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi do\u011fas\u0131yla dizilere g\u00f6rsel bir zenginlik katarken, Karadenizli karakterler \u00e7o\u011funlukla belirli stereotiplerle sunuldu. Sinemada oldu\u011fu gibi televizyon dizilerinde de<\/p>\n

Karadenizliler \u201c\u015five\u201dleriyle, \u201csaf\u201d ve \u201ckomik\u201d fig\u00fcrler olarak temsil edildi.<\/p>\n

Bu temsiliyetin temelinde, Karadenizli karakterlerin hik\u00e2yeye mizahi bir unsur katmas\u0131 ve ana karakterlerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 yat\u0131yordu. \u201cKaradenizli, t\u0131pk\u0131 sinemada oldu\u011fu gibi, olaylar\u0131 en ge\u00e7 anlayan, en \u00e7ok g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 durumlara d\u00fc\u015fen, hik\u00e2yedeki \u2018olmam\u0131\u015fl\u0131k\u2019 hissini besleyen fig\u00fcr olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.\u201d \u00d6rne\u011fin, Bir Demet Tiyatro\u2019daki Laz Bakkal, S\u00fcper Baba\u2019daki Fikret\u2019in dedesi ve Avrupa Yakas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u00d6m\u00fcr Arpac\u0131 bu anlay\u0131\u015fla yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f karakterlerdir. Bu karakterlerin ortak noktas\u0131, Karadenizli kimli\u011fini belirli kal\u0131plara s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak yeniden \u00fcretmeleridir. \u201cBir Demet Tiyatro\u2019nun Laz Bakkal\u0131 bu y\u00f6nelimin en belirgin \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Komikler i\u00e7inde en komik, en saf ve hatta en \u2018aptal\u2019 olarak resmedilmi\u015ftir.\u201d 12<\/p>\n

KURTLAR VAD\u0130S\u0130 VE KARADEN\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130N FARKLI B\u0130R TEMS\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Kurtlar Vadisi gibi yap\u0131mlarda Karadenizli karakterler farkl\u0131 bir temsiliyet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada, Laz Ziya, S\u00fcleyman \u00c7ak\u0131r ve Abidin Yerebakan gibi karakterlerle Karadenizlilik, mizah yerine sert ve otoriter bir kimlikle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu dizide Karadenizlili\u011fe atfedilen sa\u011fc\u0131 ve muhafazak\u00e2r kodlar, pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcrde yeni bir temsil bi\u00e7imi yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cBu \u00fc\u00e7 karakter, 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda y\u00fckselen milliyet\u00e7i dalgan\u0131n etkisiyle, s\u0131radan fa\u015fizmin pop\u00fclerle\u015fmesine hizmet eden fig\u00fcrler olarak yeniden \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.\u201d 13<\/p>\n

Ki bunun sosyal ya\u015famdaki kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu co\u011frafya da K\u00fcrt d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n peki\u015ftirilmesidir. Sinop\u2019tan Rize\u2019ye kadarki sahil \u015feridinde neredeyse her kilometrede bir \u00fcst ge\u00e7itlerin adlar\u0131 K\u00fcrt \u015fehirlerinde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f askerlerin isimleriyle an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle asl\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu co\u011frafyadaki ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Rumlar\u0131n imhas\u0131 ve kimliklerinin inkar\u0131 bu kez yine bu toplum ajite edilerek K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6neltilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

PONTOS\u2019UN R\u00d6NESANSI VE CUMHUR\u0130YET \u0130LE YOK ED\u0130L\u0130\u015e\u0130<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Pontus Rumlar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik anlamda \u00f6nemli yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015f cumhuriyetle birlikte yerini gerileme, tek tiple\u015ftirme ald\u0131. Ya\u015fanan bu y\u00fckseli\u015f d\u00f6neminde, \u00f6zellikle Trabzon, Samsun, Giresun gibi \u015fehirlerde Rum toplumunun ticari ve entelekt\u00fcel faaliyetleri h\u0131z kazand\u0131. E\u011fitim alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler kaydedildi; Rum matbaalar\u0131 aktif hale gelmi\u015f, gazeteler ve edebi eserler yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, mimari a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00f6rkemli kiliseler, okullar ve konaklar in\u015fa edilerek bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel R\u00f6nesans ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak ya\u015fanan bu y\u00fckseli\u015f yeni cumhuriyetle yok edildi. 1914-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Cumhuriyet\u2019e ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde Pontos Rumlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar ve katliamlar yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcz binlerce insan ya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e haricindeki yer isimleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015f, kiliseler ve okullar kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, matbu eserler yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck entelekt\u00fcel birikim silinmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sadece bir halk\u0131n fiziki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Pontus\u2019un R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n\u0131n da sistematik bir \u015fekilde yok edilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca da binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlikler de inkar edilmi\u015f, asimilasyon politikalar\u0131yla da yeni bir \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 kimli\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, m\u00fczi\u011fi vs. olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1 Tamer \u00c7ilingir, Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi, s. 97<\/em>
\n2 Tamer \u00c7ilingir, Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi,<\/em>
\n3 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Dil Haklar\u0131 ve Dilsel \u00c7o\u011fulluk, B\u00fclent Bilmez, s. 172<\/em>
\n4 Co\u015far, Asiye Mevhibe & Usta, \u00c7i\u011fdem (2009) sayfa 23. \u201cGeleneksel T\u00fcrk G\u00f6lge Oyununda Ana Tipler ve Dil Yergisi.\u201d bilig, Say\u0131 51: 13-32. Ahmet Yesevi \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fctevelli Heyet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/em>
\n\u2192 Kaynak metin: Karag\u00f6z ve Hacivat oyunlar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 tipler ve dil yergisi \u00fczerine bilimsel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.<\/em>
\n5 Kutluta\u015f, Hizaya \u00c7ekilmi\u015f Temel F\u0131kralar\u0131, s. 17<\/em>
\n6 Kutluta\u015f, Hizaya \u00c7ekilmi\u015f Temel F\u0131kralar\u0131, s. 17<\/em>
\n7 Kutluta\u015f, Hizaya \u00c7ekilmi\u015f Temel F\u0131kralar\u0131, s. 17<\/em>
\n8 T\u00fcrk Sinemas\u0131nda Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, Yal\u00e7\u0131n L\u00fcleci-Alparslan Nas<\/em>
\n9 T\u00fcrk Sinemas\u0131nda Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, Yal\u00e7\u0131n L\u00fcleci-Alparslan Nas,<\/em>
\n10 Y\u00fcksel, A. (2012). T\u00fcrk Sinemas\u0131nda Karadeniz Temsili. Sinema Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, 12(3), 376.<\/em>
\n11 T\u00fcrk Sinemas\u0131nda Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, Yal\u00e7\u0131n L\u00fcleci-Alparslan Nas, s. 12<\/em>
\n12 U\u011fur Biryol, Karadeniz\u2019in Kaybolan Kimli\u011fi sy. 218<\/em>
\n13 U\u011fur Biryol, Karadeniz\u2019in Kaybolan Kimli\u011fi sy. 218<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Art\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlikler de inkar edilmi\u015f, asimilasyon politikalar\u0131yla da yeni bir \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 kimli\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, m\u00fczi\u011fi vs. olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kadir G\u00dcNEY Karadeniz, tarih boyunca \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gruplara ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6lge olmu\u015ftur. Antik d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren Pontos Rumlar\u0131, Lazlar, Hem\u015finliler, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Ermeniler gibi halklar bu co\u011frafyada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":82611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00d6teki \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00d6teki \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlikler de inkar edilmi\u015f, asimilasyon politikalar\u0131yla da yeni bir \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 kimli\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, m\u00fczi\u011fi vs. olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u00d6teki \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlikler de inkar edilmi\u015f, asimilasyon politikalar\u0131yla da yeni bir \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 kimli\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, m\u00fczi\u011fi vs. olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kadir G\u00dcNEY Karadeniz, tarih boyunca \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gruplara ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6lge olmu\u015ftur. Antik d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren Pontos Rumlar\u0131, Lazlar, Hem\u015finliler, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Ermeniler gibi halklar bu co\u011frafyada […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2025-03-10T06:34:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/03\/Karadeniz.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"\u00d6teki \u2018Karadeniz\u2019","datePublished":"2025-03-10T06:34:38+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610"},"wordCount":2404,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/03\/Karadeniz.webp","articleSection":["Haberler","Makaleler","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610","name":"\u00d6teki \u2018Karadeniz\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/03\/Karadeniz.webp","datePublished":"2025-03-10T06:34:38+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/03\/Karadeniz.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/03\/Karadeniz.webp","width":1920,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=82610#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u00d6teki \u2018Karadeniz\u2019"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=82610"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82612,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82610\/revisions\/82612"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/82611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=82610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=82610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=82610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}