{"id":81537,"date":"2024-11-18T03:55:35","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T08:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=81537"},"modified":"2024-11-18T03:55:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T08:55:35","slug":"karyadan-askaleye-zorunlu-calisma-kamplari-ile-yuzlesmek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=81537","title":{"rendered":"Karya\u2019dan A\u015fkale\u2019ye: Zorunlu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kamplar\u0131 \u0130le Y\u00fczle\u015fmek"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

MEL\u0130KE KARAOSMANO\u011eLU<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kom\u015fu Yunanistan\u2019dan bir\u00a0haber<\/a>\u00a0tak\u0131ld\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcme ge\u00e7enlerde. Nazilerin Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlara dair yeni tan\u0131kl\u0131klar g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Yunanistan Yahudilerinin yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131nda ya\u015fanan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullara ili\u015fkin t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici fotografik belgelerden bir sergi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu Atina Benaki M\u00fcze\u2019sinde.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu tarihi tan\u0131kl\u0131klar \u201cKarya 1943: Zorla \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve Holokost\u201d isimli sergide art\u0131k ziyaret\u00e7ileriyle bulu\u015facak.<\/p>\n

\u201cKuzenim ormanda g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, art\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fam\u0131yordu. O da benim gibi 19 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Selanikli bir Yahudi olan David Broudo\u2019nun (1924-2012) May\u0131s (veya Haziran) 1943\u2019te Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesi Karya\u2019daki Nazi zorunlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yunanistan Yahudilerinin zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tarih\u00e7ilerin ula\u015fabildi\u011fi az say\u0131daki tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan birisiydi.<\/p>\n

Benaki\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan serginin ana temas\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczere, Ftiotis, Karya\u2019daki zorunlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar. Burada, 1943 bahar\u0131nda Almanlar, Wehrmacht kuvvetlerine trenlerle daha iyi hizmet verebilmek amac\u0131yla Atina-Selanik ana demiryolu hatt\u0131na kestirme bir hat daha in\u015fa etmek istiyor ve bunun i\u00e7in kurduklar\u0131 kampa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere Selanik\u2019ten y\u00fczlerce Yahudi erke\u011fi naklediyor.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan kampta, d\u00fczinelerce insan zorlu \u015fartlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ya \u00f6ld\u00fc ya da ustaba\u015f\u0131lar veya gardiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131kla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. O cehennemden \u00e7ok az ki\u015fi ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Kampta bir \u015fekilde hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faranlar ise A\u011fustos 1943\u2019te Auschwitz\u2019e s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtulamad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Sergi Nas\u0131l G\u00fcn Y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Koleksiyon 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u00fcnih\u2019teki bir antikac\u0131da Selanikli bir Holokost kurtulan\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu olan koleksiyoncu Andreas Assael taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Assael koleksiyonu sat\u0131n alarak y\u0131llarca bu e\u015fsiz fotografik belgelerin ard\u0131ndaki hikayeyi ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Andreas Assael sergiye giden ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cBabam Freddie Assael, Anne Frank gibi Holokost esnas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 bela saklanm\u0131\u015f ama ondan farkl\u0131 olarak mutlu sona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir Yahudiydi. Annem ise \u0130stanbullu bir H\u0131ristiyan. B\u00fcy\u00fcrken ve babam\u0131n akrabalar\u0131ndan korkun\u00e7 hikayeler dinlerken, Assael\u2019ler (Holokost\u2019ta) 43 ki\u015fiyi kaybettikleri i\u00e7in, tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve tarih kitaplar\u0131 okumaya \u00e7ok meyilliydim.<\/p>\n

Hen\u00fcz 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken okumak i\u00e7in M\u00fcnih\u2019e gitti\u011fimde Almanya\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fama f\u0131rsat\u0131m oldu. Almanlar\u0131n tavan aralar\u0131ndan att\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feylerden Yunanistan\u2019la ilgili pek \u00e7ok materyal kurtarabildim.<\/p>\n

2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir g\u00fcn bir antika d\u00fckkan\u0131ndayd\u0131m ve Todt \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n in\u015faat ekonomisi sorumlusu Fritz Todt taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bir \u00f6rg\u00fct) Balkanlar\u2019daki t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren kal\u0131n bir cilt buldum. Leica foto\u011fraf makinesinin negatiflerinde say\u0131s\u0131z k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kristal netli\u011finde foto\u011fraf vard\u0131. Birden g\u00f6z\u00fcm g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnde y\u0131ld\u0131z olan bir adam\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131na tak\u0131ld\u0131. Bir demiryolu hatt\u0131 boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fcyen insanlar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 hizaya sokan bir Alman askerini tasvir etti\u011fini ve \u00fczerinde \u201cKarya \u0130\u015f Demiryolu\u201d yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. O zamana kadar Karya hakk\u0131nda In Memoriam kitab\u0131ndaki yar\u0131m sayfa d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve Yunanistan\u2019daki en k\u00f6t\u00fc Nazi kamp\u0131 oldu\u011funu biliyordum. Bu y\u00fczden sadece Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7tim. Alb\u00fcm\u00fc ald\u0131m ve iki y\u0131l sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya karar verdim. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken Selanik\u2019ten 3 ki\u015fiyi tespit ettim.\u201d<\/p>\n

Andreas Assael\u2019in bu foto\u011fraflar\u0131 kamuoyuna duyurma \u00e7abalar\u0131 kurumlar ve yay\u0131nc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan uzun bir s\u00fcre ilgisizlikle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama o pes etmedi ve 20 y\u0131l sonra amac\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn bu sergi, Nazi Zorla \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Belgeleme Merkezi, Avrupa\u2019da \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Yahudilerin An\u0131s\u0131 Vakf\u0131 ve Yunanistan Yahudi M\u00fczesi aras\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve i\u015fbirli\u011finin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Karya\u2019da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Yunanistan Yahudilerinin say\u0131s\u0131 belirsizli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. (Kimine g\u00f6re 300, kimine g\u00f6re 500)<\/p>\n

Yunanistan ve Almanya\u2019da paralel olarak g\u00f6sterime a\u00e7\u0131lan yenilik\u00e7i sergi, Karya \u015fantiyesinin tarihine odaklanarak i\u015fgal, Holokost ve sava\u015f sonras\u0131 zorlu d\u00f6nemin tarihsel ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Kurbanlar\u0131n ve hayatta kalanlar\u0131n sekiz biyografisi serginin merkezine konulmu\u015f. Eski in\u015faat alan\u0131 ve \u015fu anda hizmet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve terk edilmi\u015f olan Karya istasyonu, multimedya olarak 3D topografik modeller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filebilir hale getiriliyor. Ayn\u0131 istasyonda ziyaret\u00e7iler foto\u011fraf alb\u00fcm\u00fcne dijital olarak g\u00f6z atabilecekler.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan Yahudi M\u00fczesi\u2019nde de ayn\u0131 konu hakk\u0131nda sunulan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sergi, materyalleri, proje hakk\u0131nda bilgi, multimedya i\u00e7eri\u011fi, Karya in\u015faat alan\u0131ndan otantik buluntular i\u00e7ermekte ve okullardan \u00f6\u011frenciler ve ziyaret\u00e7i gruplar\u0131 e\u011fitim programlar\u0131na dahil edilebilmekteymi\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 okurken akl\u0131ma A\u015fkale \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kamp\u0131 gelmi\u015fti. Bu y\u0131l A\u015fkale utanc\u0131n\u0131n tarihe kara bir sayfa olarak eklenmesinin 82. y\u0131l\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. 11 Kas\u0131m 1942 tarihinde, TBMM\u2019ye getirilen Varl\u0131k Vergisi Kanunu oybirli\u011fiyle kabul edilmi\u015f ve ertesi g\u00fcn ivedi bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015fti. Vergiyi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokanlar kanunun II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n zorlu ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u201cy\u00fcksek k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, stok\u00e7ulu\u011fa ve karaborsac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Oysa ger\u00e7ek bu de\u011fildi. Varl\u0131k Vergisi H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n en adaletsiz \u015fekilde ekonomik varl\u0131klar\u0131na el koymay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131 uygulama kapsam\u0131nda toplanan 315.000.000 TL de\u011ferindeki verginin 280.000.000 TL\u2019si n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde birini bile olu\u015fturmayan H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudi yurtta\u015flara \u00f6dettirildi. Ad\u0131na bak\u0131p sak\u0131n ola Varl\u0131k Vergisi varl\u0131kl\u0131 olanlardan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r diye aldanmay\u0131n. Bu vergi sadece fabrikat\u00f6rlerden, tacirlerden, zenginlerden de\u011fil k\u0131t kanaat ge\u00e7inen i\u015f\u00e7iden, emek\u00e7iden, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaftan da orant\u0131s\u0131zca ve adaletsizce al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir vergidir. \u201cAyn\u0131 yerde, ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapan iki ki\u015fiden az\u0131nl\u0131k mensubu olan, T\u00fcrk olandan 20 kat daha fazla vergiye tabi olabiliyordu.\u201d T\u00fcrk burjuvazisinin palazland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bu kanun sayesinde \u201cba\u015far\u0131yla\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Vergi borcunu g\u00fc\u00e7 bela \u00f6deyebilenler oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00f6deyemeyenler de olmu\u015ftu. Borcunu \u00f6deyemeyenler Sirkeci\u2019den bindirildikleri trenlerle A\u015fkale ya da Sivrihisar\u2019daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Devlete bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmayla \u00f6deyeceklerdi. Kamplara 2000\u2019den fazla az\u0131nl\u0131k vatanda\u015f\u0131n yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 21 ki\u015finin de k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na dayanamayarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi biliniyor. Nazi ruhu bu kanunun her zerresinde kendini belli etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu ya\u015fananlarla 80 k\u00fcs\u00fcr y\u0131ld\u0131r halen y\u00fczle\u015filmemesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de demokrasi tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcne dahi ne kadar uzak oldu\u011fumuzun bir g\u00f6stergesi. Oysa ki y\u00fczle\u015filmeyen su\u00e7lar kendini tekrarlar. A\u015fkale gibi bir utan\u00e7 sayfas\u0131na dair toplumsal bir bellek olu\u015fturmak, A\u015fkale\u2019ye bir utan\u00e7 an\u0131t\u0131 koymak ancak bizi daha iyi bir gelece\u011fe ve toplumsal uzla\u015f\u0131ya yakla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla y\u00fczle\u015fmek bize bar\u0131\u015f toplumunu sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

Belki bir g\u00fcn biz de bir A\u015fkale sergisi a\u00e7ar\u0131z, Varl\u0131k Vergisi kanunuyla hayatlar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyerek.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.avlaremoz.com\/2024\/11\/17\/karyadan-askaleye-zorunlu-calisma-kamplari-ile-yuzlesmek-melike-karaosmanoglu\/<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MEL\u0130KE KARAOSMANO\u011eLU Kom\u015fu Yunanistan\u2019dan bir\u00a0haber\u00a0tak\u0131ld\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcme ge\u00e7enlerde. Nazilerin Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlara dair yeni tan\u0131kl\u0131klar g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Yunanistan Yahudilerinin yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131nda ya\u015fanan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullara ili\u015fkin t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici fotografik belgelerden bir sergi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu Atina Benaki M\u00fcze\u2019sinde. T\u00fcm bu tarihi tan\u0131kl\u0131klar \u201cKarya 1943: Zorla \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve Holokost\u201d isimli sergide art\u0131k ziyaret\u00e7ileriyle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":81538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nKarya\u2019dan A\u015fkale\u2019ye: Zorunlu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kamplar\u0131 \u0130le Y\u00fczle\u015fmek - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=81537\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Karya\u2019dan A\u015fkale\u2019ye: Zorunlu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kamplar\u0131 \u0130le Y\u00fczle\u015fmek - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MEL\u0130KE KARAOSMANO\u011eLU Kom\u015fu Yunanistan\u2019dan bir\u00a0haber\u00a0tak\u0131ld\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcme ge\u00e7enlerde. Nazilerin Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlara dair yeni tan\u0131kl\u0131klar g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Yunanistan Yahudilerinin yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131nda ya\u015fanan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullara ili\u015fkin t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici fotografik belgelerden bir sergi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu Atina Benaki M\u00fcze\u2019sinde. 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