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Johannes Lepsius\u2019un kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cErmenistan ve Avrupa: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Hristiyan Devletlerine Kar\u015f\u0131 Bir Su\u00e7lama Metni\u201d kitab\u0131 yerel otoritelerin merkezi g\u00fcc\u00fcn emirlerini yerine getirdiklerine dair \u00f6nemli bir veri sunuyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Johannes Lepsius\u2019un 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u201cArmenien und Europa: Eine Anklageschrift wider die\u201d eseri, Aram Yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan \u201cErmenistan ve Avrupa: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Hristiyan Devletlere Kar\u015f\u0131 Bir Su\u00e7lama Metni\u201d ismiyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilerek yay\u0131mland\u0131. Memet Baytimur\u2019un \u00e7evirisini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitap, Lepsius\u2019un ilk \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Kitap, 1894-1896 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 vilayetlerindeki Ermeni katliam\u0131n\u0131; bilgi, belge ve raporlarla ele al\u0131yor. Kitab\u0131n isminden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bu katliamlardaki sorumlulu\u011funun da belge ve bilgilerle ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserde, bu durum sert bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n 1895 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 1896 y\u0131l\u0131na ba\u011flayan sonbahar ve k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lan vilayetleri dola\u015fan, ya\u015fanan katliamlar hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kentli ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini dinleyen Lepsius, \u00fclkesi olan Almanya bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n olaylar\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik haberlerle halk\u0131 yan\u0131ltt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olduktan sonra; tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, katliamlarda yer alanlar\u0131n beyanlar\u0131n\u0131, derledi\u011fi belge ve raporlar\u0131, b\u00f6lgede bilgi toplayan Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesine ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Lepsius, \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cSeyahatim esnas\u0131nda Anatolie\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hepsi Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n katledilmesi ve ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131n\u0131n kendi nazarlar\u0131nda gayet do\u011fal oldu\u011fu nedeniyle h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan Sultan\u2019\u0131n iradesine dayanarak organize edildi\u011fini beyan ettiler. K\u0131rsal alanlardaki T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfus ayr\u0131ca ve ku\u015fkusuz bu k\u0131y\u0131m ve talanlar\u0131n camilerde mollalar taraf\u0131ndan verilen vaazlar\u0131n sonucu oldu\u011funu, imamlar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tek dini lideri olan \u015feyh\u00fclislam\u0131n, Ermenilerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine cevaz veren fetvas\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n \u2018HER \u015eEY PLANLI VE PROGRAMLIYDI\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n 1895 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos-Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da; emek\u00e7i, zanaatkar, hizmet erbab\u0131, hamal ve a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 6 bin Ermeni\u2019nin Bo\u011faz\u2019da demirli Avrupa sava\u015f gemilerinin suskun top mermileri g\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulayan Lepsius, ba\u015fka vilayetlerden de ard\u0131 ard\u0131na katliam haberlerinin gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1895 tarihinden 1 Ocak 1896 tarihine kadar periyodik bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul, sonra da ard\u0131 ard\u0131na Akhisar, Trabzon, Erzerom, K\u0131\u011fi, Hadjin, \u00c7orum, Mere\u015f, Erzingan, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Bedl\u00ees, Elbistan, Bayburt, \u015eebinkarahisar, Payas, Riha, Mersin, Adana, Melet\u00ee, S\u00eawereg, Wan, Sems\u00fbr, \u0130skenderun, E\u011fin, Xarp\u00eat, Talori, S\u00eawaz, G\u00fcr\u00fcn, Kharza, Tchok, Merzemen, D\u00eelok, Tokat, M\u00fb\u015f, Mersivan, Amasya, Yenicekale, S\u00eart, Pasinler, Ova, Zile, Kayseri, Samsun, Tarse, A\u011fcag\u00fcney, Akbes ve B\u00earec\u00fbk\u2019ta onbinlerce Ermeni\u2019nin katliamdan ge\u00e7irildi\u011fini ve y\u00fcz binlercesinin yerinden yurdundan edilerek a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa ve sefalete mahkum edildi\u011fini raporlarla anlatan Lepsius, buralardaki yerel otoritelerin merkezi g\u00fcc\u00fcn emirlerini yerine getirdiklerine dair \u00f6nemli bir veri sundu\u011funu kaydediyor. Lebsius ayr\u0131ca katliamlar\u0131n borazan sesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve cami minarelerinden okunan dualarla ve \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr namaz\u0131yla son buldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n \u2018SONUNA KADAR HERKES\u0130 KANDIRAMAZSINIZ\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Kitab\u0131n birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Trabzon, Erzerom, Bedl\u00ees, Wan, Xarp\u00eat, Amed, S\u00eawaz, Halep, Adana ve Ankara vilayetlerindeki Ermenilere ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli bilgiler payla\u015fan yazar, \u201cSinir sistemi sa\u011flam okuyucular i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bizzat tan\u0131klar\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalara yer veriyor ve Avrupa bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kastederek \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cYalan yanl\u0131\u015f yay\u0131nlarla onurlu insanlar\u0131 itham alt\u0131nda bulunduranlar sonuna kadar herkesi kand\u0131ramazlar.\u201d Lepsius, Sultan Abdulhamid\u2019in kendi ad\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczensiz K\u00fcrt birlikleri, \u00c7erkes birlikleri, yedek askerler ve jandarman\u0131n \u201chayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde\u201d katliama ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6nceden belirlenen zamanda da bitirdiklerini \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle vurguluyor: \u201cYetkililerin tepeden t\u0131rna\u011fa silahland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ayak tak\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcruh bir bayrama gider gibi katliam yapmaya gidiyordu\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n Johannes Lepsius\u2019un kendi tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ait resmi belge ve raporlar\u0131na, diplomatik yaz\u0131\u015fmalar, Ermeni topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n mektuplar\u0131, misyoner, konsolosluklar ve yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n raporlar\u0131 ve gazete haberlerine dayanarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 269 sayfal\u0131k kitap, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin karanl\u0131k sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bug\u00fcne ve gelece\u011fe dair de \u00f6nemli dersler sunuyor.<\/p>\n JOHANNES LEPS\u0130US K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n Lepsius, 15 Aral\u0131k 1858\u2019de Prusya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Potsdam \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu. M\u00fcnih\u2019te matematik ve felsefe e\u011fitimi ald\u0131. 1880\u2019de \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131. Misyonerlik ve insani yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6neldi. Kud\u00fcs\u2019te S\u00fcryani Yetimhanesi\u2019nin y\u00f6netim kurulunda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. \u201cErmenistan ve Avrupa: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Hristiyan Devletlerine Kar\u015f\u0131 Bir Su\u00e7lama Metni\u201d adl\u0131 eseri, yay\u0131nlanan ilk \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 titizlikle belgeledi. \u201cErmeni Halk\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Durumu \u00dczerine Rapor\u201d adl\u0131 eseri bu d\u00f6nemde yay\u0131mland\u0131. Raporda Enver Pa\u015fa ile yap\u0131lan bir r\u00f6portaj da yer ald\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun m\u00fcttefiki olmas\u0131 nedeniyle resmi sans\u00fcr uygulanan bu rapor, gizlice 20.000\u2019den fazla kopya olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli eserlerinden biri de \u201cAlmanya ve Ermenistan 1914-1918: Diplomatik Belgeler Koleksiyonu\u201ddur. Bu eser daha sonra \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Hakk\u0131ndaki Ana Belge\u201d olarak kabul edildi. Lepsius 3 \u015eubat 1926\u2019da \u0130talya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Meran \u015fehrinde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. An\u0131s\u0131na Potsdam\u2019da 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cLepsiushaus\u201d ad\u0131yla bir ev m\u00fczesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu m\u00fcze, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u201d olarak hizmet vermekte.<\/p>\n