{"id":80570,"date":"2024-08-15T04:32:39","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T09:32:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570"},"modified":"2024-08-15T04:32:39","modified_gmt":"2024-08-15T09:32:39","slug":"kurtceye-mudahale-anayasaya-aykiridir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 1921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130ster meclis taraf\u0131ndan ister asker taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ls\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sonradan yap\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir anayasa 1921\u2019deki \u201ckurucu iktidar\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan anayasan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. Darbe anayasas\u0131 olarak bilinen 1982 anayasas\u0131n me\u015fruiyeti, 1924 anayasas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Nas\u0131l ki 1787 tarihli Birle\u015fik Devletler Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n federatif yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozacak bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse, 1921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc ve ruhundan saparak, K\u00fcrtlere mahalli y\u00f6netim ve ana dilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, yeni anayasalar yapmak yoluyla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 me\u015fru de\u011fildir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Abdullah K\u0131ran<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir devletin kurulu\u015f ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini sa\u011flayan yasalar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 anayasa olarak tan\u0131mlayabiliriz.\u00a0 Bir toplum s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olan anayasa, devletlin kurulu\u015funu d\u00fczenler. T\u00fcrkiye devletinin kurulu\u015fu, 1921 Anayasas\u0131 olarak bilinen Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu\u2019nun kabul edilmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Birinci Meclis, devletin kurulu\u015funu sa\u011flayan asli kurucu iktidard\u0131r.<\/strong>\u00a0 Bu meclis eski devleti kurtarma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini bir tarafa b\u0131rakarak, yeni bir devlet kurma rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye devletinin uluslararas\u0131 camiada tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n bir belgesi olan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 1921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00a0\u0130ster meclis taraf\u0131ndan ister asker taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ls\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sonradan yap\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir anayasa 1921\u2019deki \u201ckurucu iktidar\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan anayasan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 Darbe anayasas\u0131 olarak bilinen 1982 anayasas\u0131n me\u015fruiyeti, 1924 anayasas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir.\u00a0 Nas\u0131l ki 1787 tarihli Birle\u015fik Devletler Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n federatif yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozacak bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse,\u00a01921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc ve ruhundan saparak, K\u00fcrtlere mahalli y\u00f6netim ve ana dilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, yeni anayasalar yoluyla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da me\u015fru de\u011fildir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cKurucu iktidar\u201d kavram\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cKurucu iktidar\u201d kavram\u0131, ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 anayasalar olarak kabul edilen 1787 tarihli Birle\u015fik Devletler Anayasas\u0131 ve 1791 tarihli Fransa Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanan, anayasay\u0131 yapma ve de\u011fi\u015ftirme yetkisinin kimlerde olaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ekseninde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Emmanuel-Joseph Siey\u00e8s, \u201ckurucu iktidar\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 hukuk literat\u00fcr\u00fcne kazand\u0131ran ki\u015fi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. 1789\u2019daki Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nden sonra kurulan Anayasa Komitesi \u00fcyesi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Siey\u00e8s\u2019e g\u00f6re bir anayasa, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bir \u201ckurucu iktidara<\/strong>\u201d dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Kurucu iktidar\u0131 halk olarak tan\u0131mlayan Siey\u00e8s, anayasay\u0131 devletin hukuk d\u00fczeni olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktidar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131nda \u201ckurucu iktidar<\/strong>\u201d var. Asl\u00ee kurucu iktidar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir d\u00fczenleme yoktur ve kurucu iktidar toplumsal me\u015fruiyet gereksinimi duymaz.\u00a0\u00a0Carl Schmitt<\/strong>\u00a0kurucu iktidar\u0131, kendi siyasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaratma g\u00fcc\u00fcne ve bu y\u00f6nde karar verme kudretine sahip bir irade olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Kurucu iktidardan sonraki iktidarlar, tali, t\u00fcrev veya \u201ckurulmu\u015f\u201d iktidarlar olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rlar.\u00a0Devlet hukuki bir kurumdur ve devletin kurulu\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131 ve ilkelerini belirleyen g\u00fc\u00e7, kurucu iktidar\u0131n kendisidir<\/strong>. Kurucu iktidar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasa ile devlet organlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki ve siyasi stat\u00fcleri belirlenmi\u015ftir. Kurucu iktidar, anayasay\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f asl\u0131 kurucu unsurdur. Asli kurucu iktidar, anayasa koyucu iradedir\u00a0[1]<\/a>. K\u0131sacas\u0131 asl\u0131 kurucu iktidar, devletin hukuki ve siyasi kurulu\u015f stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyerek anayasas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Tali kurucu iktidar anayasay\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan anayasan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc usuller \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Tali iktidar, hukukili\u011fini asl\u0131 kurucu iktidardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, hukuki kabul edilir. Tali kurucu iktidar, anayasan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bozmadan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapabilir. Tali iktidar, t\u00fcrev kurma fonksiyonu \u00fczerinden bir hukuk yarat\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00f6nceden belli olan kurallar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r. Bu durum da mutlak anlamda bir hareket serbestli\u011fine sahip de\u011fildir.\u00a0 T\u00fcrev kurmada anayasay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fi\u015ftirme yetkisi yoktur. T\u00fcrev kurucu iktidar anayasay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirken, anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna uygun bir \u015fekilde hareket etmelidir.\u00a0Kurulu iktidar, kurucu iktidar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201chukuksal otorite\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde hareket etmekle m\u00fckelleftir<\/strong>. Aksi takdirde me\u015fruiyeti tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r\u00a0[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asli kurucu iktidar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 Ekim 1918 ile TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi olan 23 Nisan 1920 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 erklerinin uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ve bo\u015fluk d\u00f6nemidir. Yeni T\u00fcrkiye devletini kuracak olan asli kurucu iktidar bu \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ve bo\u015fluk d\u00f6neminden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal, 19 Mart 1920\u2019de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir genelgede, \u201cKanunu Esasimizin taht\u0131 siyanetinde bulunmas\u0131 l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen, kuvvei te\u015friiye, adliye ve icraiyeden ibaret olan kuvay\u0131 sel\u00e2sei devlet bug\u00fcn mevcut de\u011fildir<\/strong>\u201d diyerek, yeni bir asli kurucu iktidar\u0131n gerekli\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yeni kurulacak meclis i\u00e7in \u201cmeclis-i m\u00fcessisan<\/strong>\u201d (kurucular meclisi) demi\u015f, ancak sonradan, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u015fahsiyetlerden gelen ele\u015ftiriler \u00fczerine bu ifadesinde bir yumu\u015famaya giderek, \u201csal\u00e2hiyeti fevkal\u00e2deye malik bir meclis<\/strong>\u201d (ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahip bir meclis) terimini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 milletvekilleri \u201cMeclis-i Milli,\u201d \u201cMeclis-i Fevkal\u00e2de,\u201d \u201cKurultay\u201d, \u201cMeclis-i Kebir-i Milli\u201d gibi adlar \u00f6nerseler de, sonunda TBMM ad\u0131 \u00fczerinde uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak ad\u0131 ne olursa olsun, kurulan yeni meclis, yani Birinci Meclis, 1921 anayasas\u0131n\u0131 yapan ve T\u00fcrkiye devletini kuran asli kurucu iktidard\u0131r. 1921 anayasas\u0131, T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtlerin iradesini temsil eden bir meclis taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi olan 23 Nisan 1920 ile Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu\u2019nun kabul edildi\u011fi 20 Ocak 1920 tarihleri aras\u0131nda s\u00fcreci hukuk\u00e7ular \u201canayasas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d (d\u00e9constitutionnalisation) kavram\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131rlar. Zira bu d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 devletinin anayasas\u0131 olan \u201cKanun-i Esasi\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0uygulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 milletvekillerinin, yasalar\u0131n \u2018Kanun-\u0131 Esasi\u2019ye\u00a0<\/strong>g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na, d\u00f6nemin Hakk\u00e2ri Milletvekili Mazhar M\u00fcfit Bey \u015f\u00f6yle cevap vermi\u015ftir: \u201cKanun-\u0131 Esasi\u2019nin bu Meclis\u2019te zaten yeri yoktur. Kanun-\u0131 Esasi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bug\u00fcn sulhu kabul eden \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmetidir, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fildir. \u0130htil\u00e2l h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, Kanun-\u0131 Esasisi de\u011fildir. \u0130htil\u00e2l h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Kanun-\u0131 Esasisi yoktur<\/strong>\u201d ( TBMM ZC, (1, C. 1, \u0130. 1) 30; aktaran, Turhan, 1976)<\/p>\n

Birinci meclisin asli kurucu iktidar oldu\u011funu K\u0131r\u015fehir Milletvekili M\u00fcfit Bey de 14 Temmuz 1920\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu konu\u015fmas\u0131yla dile getirir: \u201cBiz, elde mevcut olan kanunu esasinin emretti\u011fi dairede mebus, d\u00f6rt sene i\u00e7in i\u00e7tima etmi\u015f mebuslardan de\u011filiz\u2026 Biz kendimize mebus diyoruz.\u00a0Halbuki ise \u015fimdi kendimiz mebus de\u011filiz. Neyiz biliyor musunuz? M\u00fcessisiz, m\u00fcessis olaca\u011f\u0131z<\/strong>. Rica ediyorum, bu milletin m\u00fcessisi olaca\u011f\u0131z.\u00a0Bu milletin atisini biz tesis edece\u011fiz<\/strong>\u201d TBMM ZC, (1, C. 2, \u0130. 1) 321; Turhan, 1976).<\/p>\n

Kurucu iktidar, erkler erki olarak kabul edildi\u011finde y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemin kurallar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaz[3]<\/a>. Birinci Meclis, Kanun-\u0131 Esasi\u2019yi kabul etmemi\u015f, kendi anayasas\u0131n\u0131 kendisi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Tamam\u0131 23 maddeden olu\u015fan 1921 anayasas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, etnik bir vurguya yer vermemesi ve T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafyas\u0131 \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan herkesi kucaklayan, demokratik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir anayasa olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong>\u00a0Bu anayasan\u0131n orijinal halinde resmi dil ve dinden s\u00f6z edilmemi\u015ftir. \u00a0<\/strong>Bu anlam\u0131yla datoplumun farkl\u0131 kesimlerini kapsayan ve kucaklayan bir hukuk metnidir.\u00a0<\/strong>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra, 20.10.1923\u2019te 2. Maddede de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidilerek, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Devletinin dini, Dini \u0130sl\u00e2md\u0131r. Resmi lisan\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7edir\u201d ifadesi eklenmi\u015ftir. Anayasan\u0131n 23 maddesinden 13\u2019\u00fc idare ve vilayetler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 11. Madde e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve ziraat gibi ya\u015famsal konulardaki yeg\u00e2ne yetkiyi, vil\u00e2yet \u015f\u00fbralar\u0131n\u0131n salahiyetine b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Birinci Mecliste T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler iki e\u015fit unsurdu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtlerin BMM\u2019de e\u015fit iki unsur olarak kabul edildiklerini g\u00f6rmekteyiz.\u00a0 Hakk\u00e2ri Milletvekili\u00a0 Mazhar M\u00fcfit Kansu, Meclisteki bir konu\u015fmas\u0131nda\u00a0\u201c<\/em>Ben K\u00fcrd milletvekiliyim\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0diyerek Lozan\u2019daki heyetin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131[4]<\/a>. 24 Nisan 1920\u2019de, yani Meclis\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, Mustafa Kemal, Meclis\u2019teki konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u00a0\u201c\u2026<\/em>Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde tek bir ulus oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyin. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkler, \u00c7erkezler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman unsurlar bulunmaktad\u0131r<\/strong>\u2026<\/em>\u201d[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Meclis\u2019in 2 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihli oturumunda, se\u00e7im kanunun de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hususu ele al\u0131n\u0131r ve Erzurum Mebusu S\u00fcleyman Necari, Mersin Mebusu Salahattin ve Canik Mebusu Emin Beyler\u00a0 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ili\u015fkin bir \u00f6nergede bulunurlar. Verilen \u00f6nergede, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine aza se\u00e7ilebilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc hudutlar\u0131 dahilinde mahaller ahalisinden olmak \u015fartt\u0131r veya daire- i intihabiye (se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgesi) dahilinde m\u00fctemekkin olmak \u015fartt\u0131r.\u00a0Ondan sonra muhaceretten gelenlerden T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtler isk\u00e2n tarihinden be\u015f sene ge\u00e7mi\u015fse se\u00e7ilebilirle<\/strong>r\u201d (Zabit Ceridesi: Cilt 25:150).\u00a0 Mustafa Kemal, do\u011fdu\u011fu yerin bu hudutlar dahilinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgesinde be\u015f sene kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirerek, bu \u00f6nergenin kendi \u015fahs\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir teklif oldu\u011funu dile getirir. Bunun \u00fczerine Mecliste s\u00f6z alan Erzurum Mebusu H\u00fcseyin Avni Bey, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bundan m\u00fcstesna oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek \u015f\u00f6yle devam eder: \u201cVatanda\u015fl\u0131k \u015fu veya bu memlekette oturmak esas\u0131 \u00fczerine de\u011fildir. Burada milletin k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnde yeg\u00e2ne s\u00f6z sahibi T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt olacakt\u0131r<\/strong>\u201d (Zabit Ceridesi: Cilt 25:159).<\/p>\n

Hen\u00fcz Lozan s\u00fcreci devam ederken, Mustafa Kemal 17 Ocak 1923\u2019te \u0130stanbul bas\u0131n\u0131na m\u00fclakat verir.\u00a0 M\u00fclakat s\u0131ras\u0131nda gazeteci Ahmet Emin Yalman \u015f\u00f6yle bir soru sorar: \u201cK\u00fcrt meselesine temas buyurmu\u015ftunuz, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck meselesi nedir? Dahili bir mesele olarak temas buyurursan\u0131z \u00e7ok iyi olur.\u201d Mustafa Kemal bu soruya cevap verirken, K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fclke genelinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yerlerde yo\u011funlu\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funu, pek \u00e7ok yerde T\u00fcrk unsurlarla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirttikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle devam eder:\u201d\u2026Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir K\u00fcrtl\u00fck tasavvur etmektense, bizim Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye (Anayasa) Kanunu gere\u011fince zaten bir t\u00fcr mahalli muhtariyetler te\u015fekk\u00fcl edecektir. O halde hangi livan\u0131n ahalisi K\u00fcrt ise onlar kendi kendilerini muhtar (\u00f6zerk) olarak idare edecekleridir.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 Mustafa Kemal, K\u00fcrtlere bir \u00f6zerklik verilece\u011fini dile getirdikten sonra, K\u00fcrt- T\u00fcrk hukukunun sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda Meclisin rol\u00fcne de\u011finir ve \u015f\u00f6yle devam eder: \u201c\u2026\u015eimdi T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, hem K\u00fcrtlerin hem de T\u00fcrklerin salahiyet sahibi vekillerinden meydana gelmi\u015ftir<\/strong>. Bu iki unsur, b\u00fct\u00fcn menfaatlerini ve mukadderatlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Yani onlar bilirler ki bu m\u00fc\u015fterek bir \u015feydir. Ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izmeye kalkmak do\u011fru de\u011fildir\u201d (Hakan, 2023:261)[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Meclisin kurulu\u015funda iki e\u015fit unsurdan biri olarak kabul edilen, T\u00fcrkiye devletini kuran asli kurucu iktidar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 1921 Anayasas\u0131yla n\u00fcfus olarak \u00e7o\u011funlukta olduklar\u0131 vilayetlerde \u00f6zerk bir y\u00f6netime sahip olacak olan ve ana dilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 olan K\u00fcrtler, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda tali bir iktidar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasayla t\u00fcm haklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lamazlar.\u00a0Belediyeler taraf\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e olarak verilen hizmetler ve trafi\u011fe ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131l\u0131 uyar\u0131lar\u0131n silinmesi, T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtlerin kaderini belirleyen asli kurucu iktidar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. 1921\u2019den sonra yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan t\u00fcm anayasalar, asli kurucu iktidar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ve ruhunu ihlal etmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0<\/strong>Mustafa Kemal, T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in, \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn menfaatlerini ve mukadderatlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmi\u015f\u201d iki unsur diyordu. 1921 anayasas\u0131yla T\u00fcrklerle kader ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan K\u00fcrtler nerede yanl\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131? Hukukta, \u201cPacta Sunt Servanda\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0(Ahde vefa) ilkesi vard\u0131r. Soruyorum: K\u00fcrtler mi bu ilkeyi ihlal etti? Son y\u00fcz y\u0131lda on binlerce can kayb\u0131, milyonlarca g\u00f6\u00e7 ve tehcir olaylar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131k, 3 trilyon dolarda fazla para kay\u0131p ettik; yoksulla\u015ft\u0131k, hukuk sistemimiz a\u011f\u0131r yaralar ald\u0131, insan haklar\u0131 karnemiz zay\u0131f, uluslararas\u0131 prestijimiz ortada. Bu gidi\u015fata \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretecek bir iradeye yok mu?<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Kemal G\u00f6zler, Kurucu \u0130ktidar, Ekin Bas\u0131n Yay\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, 2. Bask\u0131, 2016, s.57<\/em><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Mehmet Turhan,\u00a0\u201cAnayaysa Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri\u201d. Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi 33, sy. 1 (May\u0131s 1976).<\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0Osman Can, \u201cAnayasay\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirme ve Denetim Sorunu,\u201d Ankara \u00dcniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 101 ( 2007)<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130smail G\u00f6lda\u015f,\u00a0Lozan \u201cBiz T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler,\u201d\u00a0Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2000, s.172<\/em><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0David McDowall, Modern K\u00fcrt Tarihi, Doruk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2004, s.260-61<\/em><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Sinan Hakan, Cumhuriyet\u2019e Giderken K\u00fcrtler (1920-1923), \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/serbestiyet.com\/gunun-yazilari\/kurtceye-mudahale-anayasaya-aykiridir-178082\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 1921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130ster meclis taraf\u0131ndan ister asker taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ls\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sonradan yap\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir anayasa 1921\u2019deki \u201ckurucu iktidar\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan anayasan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. Darbe anayasas\u0131 olarak bilinen 1982 anayasas\u0131n me\u015fruiyeti, 1924 anayasas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Nas\u0131l ki 1787 tarihli Birle\u015fik Devletler Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n federatif yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozacak bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":80571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nK\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 1921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130ster meclis taraf\u0131ndan ister asker taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ls\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sonradan yap\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir anayasa 1921\u2019deki \u201ckurucu iktidar\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan anayasan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. Darbe anayasas\u0131 olarak bilinen 1982 anayasas\u0131n me\u015fruiyeti, 1924 anayasas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Nas\u0131l ki 1787 tarihli Birle\u015fik Devletler Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n federatif yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozacak bir […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-15T09:32:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/08\/Kurtce.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"624\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-15T09:32:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570\"},\"wordCount\":2194,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Kurtce.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570\",\"name\":\"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Kurtce.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-15T09:32:39+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Kurtce.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Kurtce.webp\",\"width\":624,\"height\":336},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=80570#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 1921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130ster meclis taraf\u0131ndan ister asker taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ls\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sonradan yap\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir anayasa 1921\u2019deki \u201ckurucu iktidar\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan anayasan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. Darbe anayasas\u0131 olarak bilinen 1982 anayasas\u0131n me\u015fruiyeti, 1924 anayasas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Nas\u0131l ki 1787 tarihli Birle\u015fik Devletler Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n federatif yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozacak bir […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2024-08-15T09:32:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":624,"height":336,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/08\/Kurtce.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r","datePublished":"2024-08-15T09:32:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570"},"wordCount":2194,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/08\/Kurtce.webp","articleSection":["Haberler","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570","name":"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/08\/Kurtce.webp","datePublished":"2024-08-15T09:32:39+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/08\/Kurtce.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/08\/Kurtce.webp","width":624,"height":336},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=80570#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"K\u00fcrt\u00e7eye m\u00fcdahale Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=80570"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80573,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80570\/revisions\/80573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/80571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=80570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=80570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=80570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}