Y\u0131ld\u0131ray O\u011fur<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\u201cT\u00fcrkiyeliyim\u201d dedi\u011fi konu\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sosyal medyada milliyet\u00e7ilerin tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi oyuncu Oktay Kaynarca, geri ad\u0131m atm\u0131yor:<\/p>\n
\u201cBen T\u00fcrkiyeli bir T\u00fcrk olmaktan gurur duyuyorum. T\u00fcrkiyeliyim kadar anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 net bir kavram\u0131 e\u011fip b\u00fck\u00fcp insanlar\u0131 \u00f6tekile\u015ftirmek, hain ilan etmek ancak i\u00e7i bo\u015f insanlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclke topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki her dilin her \u015fivenin her mezhebin her \u0131rk\u0131n bu \u00fclkenin zenginli\u011fi oldu\u011funa inanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck, \u00f6yle de \u00f6lece\u011fiz.\u201d<\/p>\n
Kurtlar Vadisi\u2019nde S\u00fcleyman \u00c7ak\u0131r\u2019\u0131 oynayan Kaynarca, rol\u00fcne kendini epey kapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, herhalde dizideki mafya babas\u0131n\u0131n hayran\u0131 olan mafya babalar\u0131yla samimi foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, milliyet\u00e7i-ulusalc\u0131 \u00e7izgideki bir isim.<\/p>\n
Ama zaten T\u00fcrkiyeli kavram\u0131 da bir zamanlar milliyet\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcylerini bu kadar diken diken etmiyordu.<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli\u201d z\u0131p\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bir kavram de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle 1908 Devrimi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan din, \u0131rk referansl\u0131 olmayan bir Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 idealiyle birlikte dola\u015f\u0131ma girdi.<\/p>\n
Hem me\u015frutiyet hem cumhuriyet meclislerinde bulunmu\u015f, ilerici bir J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk, milliyet\u00e7i olan fikirleriyle Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc de etkilemi\u015f Tunal\u0131 Hilmi Bey bu kavram\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131 savunucular\u0131ndand\u0131.<\/p>\n
1908\u2019den sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hutbelerinden alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n
\u201cBen bir insan\u0131m. Lakin insanlar\u0131n bir cinsindenim. Fakat o, tarih ile binad\u0131r, benim, bir de din gibi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m var, bu da Allah ile aramdad\u0131r. Ben, bir Osmanl\u0131y\u0131m; zira, T\u00fcrkiyeliyim! Her T\u00fcrkiyeli Osmanl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiyeli o zamanlar da T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine, daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olma \u00e7abas\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Tunal\u0131 Hilmi de 1910\u2019lardaki yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda bu iddiayla T\u00fcrkiyeli\u011fi kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201cOsmanl\u0131l\u0131k bir kazand\u0131r. Onda kaynayan T\u00fcrkiyeliler de\u011fildir; onlar\u0131n haklar\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat onu kaynatan \u2018Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 ate\u015fidir; onun k\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc T\u00fcrkiyeliliktir, Osmanl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r; \u2026T\u00fcrkiye ise T\u00fcrkiyelilerindir. Nitekim oca\u011fa har\u00e7 getiren onlard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cYahudili\u011fi havrada, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kilisede, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 camide b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f gibi olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k, T\u00fcrkl\u00fck demek de\u011fildir. Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k T\u00fcrkiyeliliktir. Her T\u00fcrkiyeli Osmanl\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k bir libas\u0131 maneviyedir ki setr etti\u011fi v\u00fccud-u milliyi s\u0131kmaz. Bilakis ruhland\u0131r\u0131r, besler, b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr, canland\u0131r\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
O d\u00f6nemde kavram baz\u0131 kanunlara da girmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan \u201cMekatib-i Hususiye Talimatnamesi\u201dnde \u00f6zel okullar tarif edilirken az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrkiyeli cemaat, cemiyet ve \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanan kurumlar\u201d denmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ama millet i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan esas kavramlar \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u201d ve \u201ctebaayi Osmaniye\u201dydi.<\/p>\n
1876\u2019dan itibaren Kanun-i Esasi\u2019nin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarif edildi\u011fi sekizinci maddesi \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/p>\n
\u201cDevleti Osmaniye tabiyetinde bulunan efrad\u0131n c\u00fcmlesine herhangi din ve meshepten olur ise bila istisna Osmanl\u0131 tabir olunur ve Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 kanunen muayyen olan ahvale g\u00f6re istihsal ve izafe edilir.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\nAma 1920\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde Kanun-i Esasi ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen milletten bahsederken art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 denemezdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u0131rk\u0131n ad\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 tam kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 yerine bir kavram aran\u0131rken imdada \u201cT\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131\u201d, \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli\u201d yeti\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiyeli kavram\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mesela Atat\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan.<\/p>\n
20 Aral\u0131k 1921\u2019de Sovyet Ukrayna\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olarak atanan, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na da yard\u0131mlar\u0131 dokunmu\u015f, bu y\u00fczden Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019ndaki heykelde b\u00fcst\u00fc olan Sovyet generali Frunze\u2019nin itimat mektubunu kabul ederken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti:<\/p>\n
\u201cH\u00fcrriyetini, istikl\u00e2lini ve hakk\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 zulme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa edenlerin d\u00e2vas\u0131 olan mukaddes ve muhik d\u00e2vam\u0131za, Sovyet Ukrayna\u2018n\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi al\u00e2ka ve muhabbetten dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi nam\u0131na te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. Emperyalizmin en \u015fedit taarruzlar\u0131na hedef olan T\u00fcrkiyeliler Karadeniz\u2018in \u00f6b\u00fcr taraf\u0131nda ayn\u0131 ihtirasata kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden milletler bulundu\u011funu bilirlerdi.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\nYine Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, 2 Mart 1922 tarihinde Afganistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131 nedeniyle Ankara\u2019da el\u00e7ilik binas\u0131nda verilen \u015f\u00f6lende de \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti:<\/p>\n
\u201cBiz T\u00fcrkiyeliler Asyai bir milletiz, Asyai bir devletiz.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n1923\u2019de Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan \u00f6nce iki anayasas\u0131 olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye ve Kanun-i Esasi) yeni bir anayasa i\u00e7in komisyon kurdu\u011funda da T\u00fcrkiyeli kavram\u0131 \u00e7ok i\u015fe yaram\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yunus Nadi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Ziya G\u00f6kalp, Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, Celal Nuri (\u0130leri), Feridun Fikri (D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel), Refik Koraltan, H\u00fcsrev G\u00f6le gibi isimlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 komisyonun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk taslak, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan bir hafta \u00f6nce Ahmet Emin Yalman\u2019\u0131n Vatan gazetesinde \u201cM\u00fchim bir tarihi vesika\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Taslakta baz\u0131 maddelerde T\u00fcrk baz\u0131 maddelerde ise T\u00fcrkiyeli kelimesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin Kanun-i Esasi\u2019deki \u201cEmri tedris serbesttir. Muayyen olan kanuna tebaiyet \u015fartile her Osmanl\u0131 umumi ve hususi tedrise mezundur\u201d maddesi, taslakta \u201cEmr-i tedris serbesttir. Kanun dairesinde her T\u00fcrkiyeli umumi ve hususi tedrise mezundur\u201d olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Eski anayasada Osmanl\u0131 ge\u00e7en yerlere bazen T\u00fcrk bazen T\u00fcrkiyeli yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ahval-i fevkalade m\u00fcstesna olmak \u00fczere, T\u00fcrkiyeliler i\u00e7in seyr \u00fc sefer serbesttir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cMektepler ve bilumum irfan m\u00fcesseseleri devletin taht-\u0131 nezaret ve murakabesindedir. T\u00fcrkiyelilerin talim ve terbiyesi bir siyak-\u0131 \u0130ttihat ve \u0130ntizam \u00fczere olmak mecburidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiyeliler nizam ve kanun dairesinde ticaret ve s\u0131naat ve felahat i\u00e7in her nevi \u015firketler te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcne mezundurlar.\u201d<\/p>\nCumhuriyet, bir hafta sonra Anayasa beklenmeden ilan edildi. Halbuki taslakta zaten devletin ad\u0131 ve y\u00f6netim \u015fekli T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti olarak ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n
Anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131 Nisan 1924\u2019de Meclis\u2019e getirildi.<\/p>\n
Tasla\u011f\u0131n en fazla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan maddelerinden biri vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarif edildi\u011fi 88. maddeydi.<\/p>\n
Komisyondan Meclis\u2019e sunulan tasar\u0131da vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarif eden 88. Madde ise \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiye ahalisine din ve \u0131rk fark\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrk \u0131tlak olunur (denilir).\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de veya hari\u00e7te bir T\u00fcrk baban\u0131n sulb\u00fcnden do\u011fan veyahut T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de m\u00fctemekkin bir ecnebi baban\u0131n sulb\u00fcnden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011fup da memleket dahilinde ikamet ve sinni r\u00fc\u015fte vusul\u00fcnde resmen T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihtiyar eden veyahut Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Kanunu mucibince T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe kabul olunan herkes T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkl\u00fck s\u0131fat\u0131 kanunen muayyen olan ahvalde iz\u00e2a edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in milliyet\u00e7ileri \u00e7ok memnun edecek bu maddeye Meclis\u2019te en \u00e7ok kim mi tepki g\u00f6sterdi?<\/p>\n
Milliyet\u00e7iler.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk itiraz\u0131 yapan Eski\u015fehir mebusu Abdullah Azmi Efendi, \u201cBu maddenin mesbuku lehi milliyet midir, tabiiyet midir?\u201d diye sordu.<\/p>\n
Komisyon s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Celal Nuri Bey \u201cTabiiyettir\u201d deyince maddeye tabiiyet kelimesinin ilavesi talep edildi. Yoksa \u201cecnebi\u201d babadan do\u011fan bir \u00e7ocuk nas\u0131l millet itibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk olabilirdi ki!<\/p>\n
Meclis\u2019ten y\u00fckselen bu itiraz\u0131 en a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc, T\u00fcrk Ocaklar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n reisi, \u0130stanbul milletvekili Hamdullah Suphi (Tanr\u0131\u00f6ver) s\u00f6z alarak dile getirdi:<\/p>\n
\u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi hudutlar\u0131m\u0131z dahilinde ya\u015fayanlara T\u00fcrk unvan\u0131n\u0131 vermek bizim i\u00e7in bir emel olabilir. Fakat g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz ki, \u00e7ok m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl bir m\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k ve hi\u00e7birimiz kalbimizde m\u00fccadelenin tamam oldu\u011funa dair bir \u015fey ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yoruz. Diyoruz ki: Devletin, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin tebaas\u0131 tamam\u0131yla T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr. Bir taraftan da h\u00fck\u00fcmet m\u00fccadele ediyor, ecnebiler taraf\u0131ndan tesis edilmi\u015f olan m\u00fcessesatta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Rumu, Ermeniyi \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Biz bunlar\u0131 Rumdur, Ermenidir diye \u00e7\u0131karmak istedi\u011fimiz vakit bize \u201chay\u0131r Meclisinizden \u00e7\u0131kan kanun mucibince bunlar T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr\u201d derlerse ne cevap vereceksiniz? Tabiiyet kelimesi zihinlerde mevcut ve kalplerde mevcut bulunan bu emeli izale etme\u011fe kifayet etmez. Lafzen biz bir tefsir bulabiliriz. Maddeye tefsir ile ge\u00e7ilebilir, fakat bir hakikat vard\u0131r. Onlar T\u00fcrk olamazlar, hatta Meclis de firari Rum ve Ermenileri T\u00fcrk yapamaz\u2026. Buraya T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr diye bir madde-i kanuniye ge\u00e7iriniz, acaba aradaki fark\u0131 izale etmi\u015f olur muyuz? Ve hangimizi tatmin edebilir ki, bunlar T\u00fcrk olmu\u015flard\u0131r? Bana sual soran zata cevap verdim, dedim ki; T\u00fcrk olman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ba\u015fka memleketlerde, ba\u015fka ekalliyetlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ediniz, Fransa\u2019da ya\u015fayan Musev\u00ee nas\u0131l Frans\u0131z gibi ba\u015fka mektepten vazge\u00e7mi\u015fse, nas\u0131l ba\u015fka lisan konu\u015fmuyorsa, nas\u0131l Fransay\u0131 benimsemi\u015f ise, mekteplerinizi kapat\u0131n\u0131z, Ermenili\u011fi terkediniz, T\u00fcrk hars\u0131n\u0131 kabul ediniz. Ondan sonra size T\u00fcrk deriz. Fakat siz, lisan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, mektep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, devlet ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcz, ondan sonra geliniz ve bana deyiniz ki, bizi T\u00fcrk tel\u00e2kki et. E\u011fer b\u00f6yle muhalif iseniz elimden gelmez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ruhumun inanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n yoktur. (Do\u011fru sesleri) O halde arkada\u015flar; madde bizim aleyhimize kullan\u0131labilir. \u0130zahata muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. M\u00fctemmim bir madde l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r ki bunu kanun izah edebilsin. T\u00fcrk diye ge\u00e7erse bizim aleyhimize kullan\u0131rlar, buna emin olunuz..\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz \u00fczerine tekrar Celal Nuri bey komisyon ad\u0131na s\u00f6z ald\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201cMesel\u00e2 bug\u00fcn bizim \u00f6z vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Hanefiy\u00fcl mezhep, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fur, bir zat, G\u00fcm\u00fclcineli olmak itibariyle bug\u00fcn Yunand\u0131r, kezalik bir Manast\u0131rl\u0131 S\u0131rpt\u0131r. Filibeli bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bulgard\u0131r ve muamel\u00e2t\u0131 beynelmileliyede daima bu s\u0131fat\u0131 resmiyeye riayet edilir. Memaliki ecnebiyede onu o devlet himaye eder. T\u00fcrk Devleti himaye edemez. Manast\u0131rl\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk\u00fc T\u00fcrk Konsoloslar\u0131 memaliki ecnebiyede himaye edemez. Eskiden bir Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 vard\u0131r, bu s\u0131fat c\u00fcmleye \u015famildi. Bu s\u0131fat\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Yerine bir T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti kaim olmu\u015ftur. Bu T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetinin de bilc\u00fcmle efrad\u0131 T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011fildir. Bunlar\u0131 ne yapaca\u011f\u0131z? Ortada bir Rum var, bir Ermeni var, bir Yahudi var, t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc anas\u0131r var\u2026Bunlara e\u011fer T\u00fcrkl\u00fck s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 vermeyecek olursak ne diyece\u011fiz?\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu s\u0131rada zab\u0131tlara g\u00f6re Meclis\u2019ten \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli sesleri\u201d duyuldu.<\/p>\n
Celal Nuri Bey konu\u015fmaya devam etti: \u201c\u0130stirham ederim, T\u00fcrkiyeli hi\u00e7 bir manay\u0131 m\u00fcfit de\u011fildir. Kezalik \u015fu k\u00fcrs\u00fcde okudu\u011fum Lozan muahedesinin 37\u2019nci maddesi mucibince arada hi\u00e7 bir fark olmayacakt\u0131r. Fark olmay\u0131nca \u015fu T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr \u015fu T\u00fcrkiyelidir demek ve ikiye ay\u0131rmak ahden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bunun bir misali vard\u0131r. E\u011fer tatvile m\u00fcsaade edilecek olursa o misali s\u00f6yleyece\u011fim. Cezayir\u2019deki Frans\u0131z tebaas\u0131, Frans\u0131z ahali-i asliyesiyle vatanda\u015f idi ve Frans\u0131z m\u00fcstamerelerindeki ahali, Frans\u0131z hukuku siyasiyesine malik de\u011fildi. Onun i\u00e7in kendilerine tebaa muamelesi yap\u0131labilirdi. Fakat bizimki otuz dokuzuncu madde mucibince M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n istifade ettikleri ayn\u0131 hukuku medeniye ve siyasiyeden istifade edeceklerdir denildi\u011fi takdirde hi\u00e7 bir fark\u0131 kalmayacakt\u0131r. Binaenaleyh Hamdullah Suphi Beye soruyorum, bunlara T\u00fcrkl\u00fck s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 vermeyelim de ne yapal\u0131m? Elimizde ikinci bir imk\u00e2n var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
O imkan bulundu. Maddenin yeni form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc Dersim mebusu eski \u0130stanbul Barosu ba\u015fkan\u0131 Feridun Fikri bey buldu, Hamdullah Suphi bey de bir teklife d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u201cVatanda\u015fl\u0131k itibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk itlak olunur.\u201d<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece Meclis\u2019e \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ahalisine din ve \u0131rk fark\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrk \u0131tlak olunur\u201d \u015feklinde gelen 88. madde, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ahalisine din ve \u0131rk fark\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131k itibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk \u0131tlak olunur\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n
Taslakta bizzat Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn onay\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015f maddelerdeki \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli\u201d kelimeleri de \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda anayasa dili sadele\u015ftirilirken madde \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de din ve \u0131rk ay\u0131rt etmeksizin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herkese T\u00fcrk denir\u201de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Maddenin bu ideolojik \u00f6z\u00fc 1961 ve 1982 Anayasalar\u0131nda da korundu.<\/p>\n
Milliyet\u00e7i ton art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131; \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u201d, \u201cT\u00fcrk devleti\u201d oldu, \u201cT\u00fcrk denir\u201d ise \u201cT\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrk devletine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkes T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
Peki, daha sonra T\u00fcrkiyeli kelimesine ne oldu?<\/p>\n
Birilerinin zannetti\u011fi gibi kavram liberaller taraf\u0131ndan 2000\u2019lerde tedav\u00fcle sokulmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bir ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in dilde ya\u015famaya devam etti.<\/p>\n
Bunu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in sadece gazete ar\u015fivlerine T\u00fcrkiyeli yazmak yeterli.<\/p>\n
1939\u2019da New York\u2019ta a\u00e7\u0131lan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir serginin haberinde \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudiler\u201d c\u00fcmlesi kurulmu\u015f.<\/p>\n1972 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir haberde ise Anadolu\u2019dan Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Rum m\u00fcbadillerden \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli Rum\u201d diye bahsedilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n1970\u2019lerde, 80\u2019lerde ve 90\u2019larda yine T\u00fcrkiyeli kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131mda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle de T\u00fcrk denemeyecek ama T\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6kenli, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015f ya da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudilerden bahsederken.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk kavram\u0131 hem \u0131rk hem dini aidiyete kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor.<\/p>\n
Kavram\u0131n 90\u2019lardan sonraki kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ise art\u0131k \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi gerekenler az\u0131nl\u0131klar de\u011fil, K\u00fcrtler.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrt kimli\u011finin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, kimlik talebinin y\u00fckselmesiyle kendisine T\u00fcrk demeyen ama T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan K\u00fcrtler ger\u00e7e\u011fini kabul eden, bu kimli\u011fe sayg\u0131 duyan ve K\u00fcrtlerin de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek isteyen, d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 olmak istemeyenler, T\u00fcrkiyeli kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden dola\u015f\u0131ma soktu.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda kavram her seferinde ayn\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7tan yeniden dola\u015f\u0131m girdi.<\/p>\n
1908\u2019den sonra imparatorlu\u011fun T\u00fcrk olmayan unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erlemek i\u00e7in, 1920\u2019lerdeki fetret d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkm\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 yerine bir kavram aran\u0131rken, daha sonra az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n aidiyetini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ve son olarak T\u00fcrk olmak istemeyen K\u00fcrtleri de kapsamak i\u00e7in\u2026<\/p>\n
Yani mesele T\u00fcrkiyeli kelimesinde de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk kelimesinin kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmay\u0131 ba\u015faramamas\u0131nda\u2026<\/p>\n
Taha Akyol, son kitab\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Anayasas\u0131 1924\u2019te bu tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Herkese kitab\u0131 tavsiye ederim.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle de bu ara sald\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Oktay Kaynarca\u2019ya.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/serbestiyet.com\/gunun-yazilari\/tunali-hilmi-hamdullah-suphi-oktay-kaynarca-ve-turkiyelilik-171211\/<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n
\n
<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00fcrkiyeli kavram\u0131 her seferinde ayn\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7tan yeniden dola\u015f\u0131m girdi. 1908\u2019den sonra imparatorlu\u011fun T\u00fcrk olmayan unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erlemek i\u00e7in, 1920\u2019lerdeki fetret d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkm\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 yerine bir kavram aran\u0131rken, daha sonra az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n aidiyetini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ve son olarak T\u00fcrk olmak istemeyen K\u00fcrtleri de kapsamak i\u00e7in\u2026Yani mesele T\u00fcrkiyeli kelimesinde de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk kelimesinin kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmay\u0131 ba\u015faramamas\u0131nda\u2026 Y\u0131ld\u0131ray O\u011fur \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeliyim\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":79940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n
Tunal\u0131 Hilmi, Hamdullah Suphi, Oktay Kaynarca ve T\u00fcrkiyelilik - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79939\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tunal\u0131 Hilmi, Hamdullah Suphi, Oktay Kaynarca ve T\u00fcrkiyelilik - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiyeli kavram\u0131 her seferinde ayn\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7tan yeniden dola\u015f\u0131m girdi. 1908\u2019den sonra imparatorlu\u011fun T\u00fcrk olmayan unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erlemek i\u00e7in, 1920\u2019lerdeki fetret d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkm\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 yerine bir kavram aran\u0131rken, daha sonra az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n aidiyetini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ve son olarak T\u00fcrk olmak istemeyen K\u00fcrtleri de kapsamak i\u00e7in\u2026Yani mesele T\u00fcrkiyeli kelimesinde de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk kelimesinin kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmay\u0131 ba\u015faramamas\u0131nda\u2026 Y\u0131ld\u0131ray O\u011fur \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeliyim\u201d […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79939\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-06-20T08:08:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/06\/Tunali-Hilmi-Hamdullah-Suphi-Oktay-Kaynarca.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"696\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"392\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=79939#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=79939\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Tunal\u0131 Hilmi, Hamdullah Suphi, Oktay Kaynarca ve T\u00fcrkiyelilik\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-06-20T08:08:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=79939\"},\"wordCount\":2552,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=79939#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/Tunali-Hilmi-Hamdullah-Suphi-Oktay-Kaynarca.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Makaleler\",\"Tarih Sayfalar\u0131\",\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=79939#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=79939\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=79939\",\"name\":\"Tunal\u0131 Hilmi, Hamdullah Suphi, Oktay Kaynarca ve T\u00fcrkiyelilik - 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