{"id":79504,"date":"2024-05-17T02:29:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T07:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79504"},"modified":"2024-05-17T02:29:17","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T07:29:17","slug":"osmanli-izmirinden-modernlesme-olgusuna-yeniden-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79504","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019inden modernle\u015fme olgusuna yeniden bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sibel Zandi-Sayek\u2019in \u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i \u2013 \u00c7okuluslu Bir Liman\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi 1840 \u2013 1880\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, G\u00fcl Kale\u2019nin \u00e7evirisiyle \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Nam\u0131k Erkal<\/strong><\/p>\n

31 Mart 2024 Mahalli \u0130dareler se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerel y\u00f6netimlerin merkezi y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 tabandan gelen demokratik taleplerin, yeni siyasi ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n, muhalefetin ve kamusall\u0131\u011f\u0131n temsili a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemini bir kez daha ortaya koydu. Cumhuriyet\u2019in y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l e\u015fi\u011finde ge\u00e7mi\u015f benzer vakalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ne olursa olsun mahalli idarelerin merkeze uzanan politik taleplerin bir mecras\u0131 olmas\u0131nda tarihsel devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa i\u015faret ediyor. Sibel Zandi-Sayek\u2019in \u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i: \u00c7okuluslu bir Liman Kentinin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi: 1840-1880\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 tam da 2024 mahalli idare se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinde ve sonras\u0131nda tarihsel de\u011ferlendirmelere ihtiya\u00e7 olan bir zamana denk geldi. Kitap, sa\u011flam kuramsal yap\u0131s\u0131 ve zengin kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131yla modernle\u015fmenin, kentlili\u011fin ve kent mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 perspektifler sunuyor. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130zmir\u2019inin kale olarak tarif edilen olduk\u00e7a sabit politik tercih ve taleplerinin aksine bir zamanlar \u00e7o\u011ful, dinamik ve de\u011fi\u015fken bir Osmanl\u0131 kentinin olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i, mimarl\u0131k ve kent tarih\u00e7isi Zandi-Sayek\u2019in 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u0130ngilizce kitab\u0131ndan G\u00fcl Kale\u2019nin \u00e7evirisiyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ngilizce kitap (Ottoman \u0130zmir: The rise of a Cosmopolitan Port City, Minneapolis\/London: University of Minnesota Press) akademik bir yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, geni\u015f bir bilimsel \u00e7evre taraf\u0131ndan takdir g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitap ele\u015ftiri metni yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve art\u0131k neredeyse klasik olarak tan\u0131mlanabilecek bir referans eserdir. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin M.F. K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Kitap \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130zmir kent tarihi serisine eklenen \u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i\u2019 metninin sarihli\u011fi, anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi olaylar\u0131n canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla akademisyenlerden pop\u00fcler tarih merakl\u0131lar\u0131na geni\u015f bir okuyucu kitlesine hitap edecektir. Eserin ilk yay\u0131n\u0131ndaki m\u00fckemmel metin ve g\u00f6rsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 format\u0131nda da korunmu\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00f6zel bir takdiri hak ediyor. Metne \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6zg\u00fcn g\u00f6rsel d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7er\u00e7eveye al\u0131narak, odaklanarak ve yer i\u015faretleri konularak elden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f haritalar ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fler e\u015flik ediyor. B\u00f6ylece \u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i\u2019 kendi odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kent rehberi \u00f6zelli\u011fini de ortaya koymay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

MONOGRAF\u0130K B\u0130R KENT D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM TAR\u0130H\u0130 K\u0130TABI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i\u2019 en genel anlam\u0131yla monografik bir kent d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tarihi kitab\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun bir giri\u015f, onu takip eden d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve bir sons\u00f6zden olu\u015fuyor. 1834, 1854-56 ve 1876\u2019ya ait \u00fc\u00e7 anahtar haritan\u0131n (ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterdikleri kent yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131\u00e7raman\u0131n) ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130zmir kentinin y\u00fckseli\u015fini, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fen Osmanl\u0131, Akdeniz ve kolonyal imparatorluklar ba\u011flamlar\u0131na, kavramsal \u00e7er\u00e7evelere ve kent tarihi yaz\u0131mlar\u0131na referansla geni\u015f dipnotlar vererek konumland\u0131r\u0131yor. Osmanl\u0131 tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131nda Tanzimat projeleri, tepeden modernle\u015fme, Osmanl\u0131 millet sistemi, ya da Avrupa merkezli kapitalist kolonile\u015fme \u00e7er\u00e7evelerini ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan \u00fcst \u00f6l\u00e7ekten ve daha \u00e7ok benzerlikleri arayarak olu\u015fturulan genel kent tarihi anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zmir \u00f6zelinde bir \u00f6zetini sunuyor. B\u00f6ylece giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde hikayenin sonunu ba\u015f\u0131ndan anlat\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrken, ayn\u0131 zamanda farkl\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011ful tarihi kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u015fka anlat\u0131lar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve kendi katk\u0131s\u0131na yer a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bu anlamda esas de\u011fi\u015fimin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130zmir\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kentlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc ve \u00e7o\u011fulcu bir imparatorluk y\u00f6netimi tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn temsili haline geldi\u011fi, ba\u015fkentten \u0130stanbul\u2019dan bile takip edildi\u011fi 1840-1880 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131n olaylar\u0131na ve geli\u015fmelerine odaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcmler birbirini takip eden ve \u0130zmir\u2019in kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6zelinde ba\u011flanan olgu ve konular \u00fczerinden kurgulan\u0131yor: Kimlik, kentsel yurtta\u015fl\u0131k, kamusal mekan, kentsel y\u00f6neti\u015fim, kamu i\u015fleri, kamu yarar\u0131, rit\u00fceller ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen kentsel yurtta\u015fl\u0131k. Bu tutarl\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen her b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn ve kendi konusu \u00f6zelinde \u0130zmir\u2019in on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde de Osmanl\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve Avrupa ticaretine a\u00e7\u0131k bir liman kenti olmas\u0131 ve tekil \u00f6zellikleri sebebiyle tarihsel olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fimini her seferinde ba\u015fa alarak anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, kitab\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7okuluslu terimini de a\u00e7acak \u015fekilde kimlik, yurtta\u015fl\u0131k, kentsel yurtta\u015fl\u0131k, m\u00fclkiyet, egemenlik ve vergilendirme konular\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler \u00fczerinedir. Farkl\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle \u0130zmir\u2019de \u00e7okuluslulu\u011fun Osmanl\u0131 millet d\u00fczeni temel kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konuluyor. \u00d6zellikle Avrupal\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131ndan ki\u015filerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 evlilikler ve Avrupa temsilciliklerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onlar\u0131n tebaas\u0131na ge\u00e7me gibi durumlarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7o\u011ful ve ak\u0131\u015fkan kimlikler tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. \u00c7okuluslulu\u011fa ko\u015fut hukuk d\u00fczenlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyet ve vergilendirilmesi konular\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mu\u011flakl\u0131klar ile f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131klar ve Osmanl\u0131 devletinin Tanzimat a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla bu konular\u0131 b\u00fcrokratik me\u015fruiyet \u00e7er\u00e7evelerinde tan\u0131mlama \u00e7abalar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, pazarl\u0131klar ve y\u00fczle\u015fmeler \u00f6rnekleriyle aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. Yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in m\u00fclkiyet edinme ve kent hakk\u0131 aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kentsel yurtta\u015fl\u0131k \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda kentteki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00e7okuluslu ve \u00e7o\u011fulcu yap\u0131lar i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kadastro komisyonun kurulmas\u0131 ve kentsel alan\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almak ve vergilendirmek i\u00e7in plana ge\u00e7irilmesi gelecek kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin de altl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde n\u00fcfusu iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130zmir\u2019de e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131k, salg\u0131nlar ve yang\u0131nlar gibi tehlikelere kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fan kayg\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131n tekrarlanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131nan tedbirlerin i\u00e7inde k\u00e2gir yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fa edilmesi, kent sokaklar\u0131nda gerek fiziki gerekse de asayi\u015f anlam\u0131nda d\u00fczeninin kurulmas\u0131 konular\u0131 \u00fczerinden kamusal mekan olgusunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor. Yang\u0131n sonras\u0131 cemaatin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesiyle yeniden \u0131zgara planl\u0131 olarak in\u015fa edilen Ermeni mahallesi ve di\u011fer ana cadde geni\u015fletme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n kent d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinde m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve geli\u015ftirilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle ba\u015flayan kamusall\u0131k aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n iki \u015fubeli belediyenin kurulmas\u0131na evrilmesi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Sokaklara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen \u00e7ok yo\u011fun kent dokusu i\u00e7inde sokaklar\u0131n tanzimi i\u015finin ger\u00e7ek mek\u00e2nda nas\u0131l zor ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, ufak i\u015fgalci birimler ve soka\u011fa ta\u015fmalar \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fcyen b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00f6zellikle Frenk Caddesi ve \u00e7evresi \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00fczerinden aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve darl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kentin ziyaret\u00e7ilerini \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fratan bu tarih\u00ee aks\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l olup da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm, \u0130zmir liman\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 \u00fczerinedir ve devlet ile yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar ikili\u011finde aktar\u0131la gelmi\u015f bu k\u0131y\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projesini \u00f6nceki iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde anlat\u0131lan \u00e7o\u011ful akt\u00f6rler ve kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm dinamikleri \u00fczerinden detayland\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130zmir\u2019in eski ticari yarar ve imtiyazlar \u00fczerinden ve \u201cferhane\u201dlerle olu\u015fmu\u015f \u00e7ok \u00f6zg\u00fcn kapal\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 dokusunun, dolgu zemin a\u00e7\u0131k r\u0131ht\u0131m tipi bir liman k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na (birinci ve ikinci kordona) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm hikayesinin de \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 m\u00fczakerelerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar art\u0131k yerel unsur say\u0131labilecek eski imtiyaz sahipleriyle pazarl\u0131k etmek ve projede revizyonlar yapmak durumunda kal\u0131yorlar. Kamusal yarar olgusu hem k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n halk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, liman demiryolu hatt\u0131n\u0131n tramvay olarak da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, liman \u015firketinin kanalizasyon i\u015flerini de yapmak durumunda kalmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerle birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. R\u0131ht\u0131m cephesindeki yap\u0131lar\u0131n alanlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nerilen revakl\u0131 yol gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmese de ikonik Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i kordon cephesi bu d\u00f6nemde olu\u015fuyor. Kamunun talepleriyle bir liman altyap\u0131 projesi k\u0131smen a\u00e7\u0131k bir kent mekan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm bir bak\u0131ma anlat\u0131s\u0131 kurulan ve yenilenen kamusal mekanlar \u00fczerinden birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde anlat\u0131lan \u00e7okuluslu ve dinli cemaat yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131nda kentsel mekanda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanma taleplerinin \u00f6rneklerini sunuyor ve g\u00fczergahlar\u0131n\u0131 haritaland\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Katolik cemaatinin Efkaristiya Katolik Yortusu ayin alay\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00fczerinden bu rit\u00fcel ve t\u00f6renlerin kentte g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazanma \u00e7aba ve bi\u00e7imleri aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke bayraklar\u0131n\u0131n da yer alabildi\u011fi bu g\u00f6sterilere kar\u015f\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 devlet b\u00fcrokrasisinin de padi\u015fah c\u00fcl\u00fbs ve kent ziyaretleri gibi t\u00f6renlerle ayn\u0131 mek\u00e2nlarda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kentte b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fczakerelerle olu\u015fan kamusal mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n bu kamusal bo\u015fluklara izin veren kitleler taraf\u0131ndan ne bi\u00e7imlerde sahiplenildi\u011fi ve kutsand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ZM\u0130R\u2019DEN BAKI\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sons\u00f6z, ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130zmir\u2019den Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d\u0131n ifade etti\u011fi \u015fekilde, bu monografinin \u00f6zel olarak son d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131 kentlerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve genel olarak kentlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, kentlilik, kentsel mekan \u00fczerine sundu\u011fu yeni perspektifleri \u00f6zetliyor. Kent tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131nda tekil b\u00fcy\u00fck altyap\u0131 ve planlama projelerine odaklanman\u0131n ya da salt kal\u0131p kuramsal yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan mek\u00e2n\u0131 ve dinamiklerini anlamadaki yetersizli\u011fi bir kez daha vurgulan\u0131yor. Merkezden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cutanga\u00e7\u201d, \u201cs\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131\u201d ve \u201caz-geli\u015fmi\u015f\u201d gibi \u00e7er\u00e7evelerle tarifline gelinen, ya da imparatorlu\u011fu takip eden ulusal tarihyaz\u0131mlar\u0131nda tek ulus \u00fczerinden irdelenen Osmanl\u0131 \u201ckentsel modernle\u015fme\u201d s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin, yerelden ve Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren bir zenginlik i\u00e7inden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7ok akt\u00f6rl\u00fc yap\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve muhalefet ile \u015fekillenmi\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00f6rnekler te\u015fkil etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fenlerin ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyenlerin nedensellikleri kentin ne oldu\u011funu kavramaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Bu haliyle \u0130zmir\u2019in tarihi bir yandan \u00f6zelle\u015firken bir yandan da bat\u0131l\u0131 merkez kentlerin on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm anlat\u0131lar\u0131na benzer ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir bir derinli\u011fe kavu\u015fabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Sibel Zandi-Sayek\u2019in sundu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019inden bak\u0131\u015f daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da ilham verecek \u015fekilde \u201cmodernle\u015fme olgusunu nas\u0131l yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sorgulamaya\u201d davet ediyor.<\/p>\n

\n

Gazete Duvar<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sibel Zandi-Sayek\u2019in \u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i \u2013 \u00c7okuluslu Bir Liman\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi 1840 \u2013 1880\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, G\u00fcl Kale\u2019nin \u00e7evirisiyle \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Nam\u0131k Erkal 31 Mart 2024 Mahalli \u0130dareler se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerel y\u00f6netimlerin merkezi y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 tabandan gelen demokratik taleplerin, yeni siyasi ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n, muhalefetin ve kamusall\u0131\u011f\u0131n temsili a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemini bir kez daha ortaya koydu. Cumhuriyet\u2019in y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":79505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,33,54,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-izmir","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019inden modernle\u015fme olgusuna yeniden bak\u0131\u015f - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79504\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019inden modernle\u015fme olgusuna yeniden bak\u0131\u015f - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sibel Zandi-Sayek\u2019in \u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i \u2013 \u00c7okuluslu Bir Liman\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi 1840 \u2013 1880\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, G\u00fcl Kale\u2019nin \u00e7evirisiyle \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. 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