{"id":79049,"date":"2024-04-22T07:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-22T12:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79049"},"modified":"2024-04-22T07:09:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T12:09:00","slug":"diyarbekir-ermenilerine-topraktan-bakmak-silvanli-koyluler-ve-kazazyanlar-arasindaki-arazi-anlasmazligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79049","title":{"rendered":"Diyarbekir Ermenilerine topraktan bakmak: Silvanl\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve Kazazyanlar aras\u0131ndaki arazi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Silvanl\u0131 Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcler Kazazyan ailesini \u015fik\u00e2yet ederek Dahiliye Nezaretine dilek\u00e7e yazd\u0131lar: \u201conlara kar\u015f\u0131 iktidar\u0131m\u0131z yok, zalimliklerinden kurtulmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e bir yol bulam\u0131yoruz. Allah a\u015fk\u0131na yard\u0131m edin\u201d.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Diyarbekir\u2019in en zengin ve varl\u0131kl\u0131 aileleri aras\u0131nda bulunan Kazazyan ailesi, 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hovseb Kazazyan\u2019\u0131n Mebusan Meclisi\u2019ne se\u00e7ilmesiyle birlikte Diyarbekir\u2019de n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan Ermeni k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na kadar kent ve k\u0131rda varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Kazazyan ailesi, Diyarbekir burjuvazisi aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. T\u00fcccarl\u0131k, sarrafl\u0131k ve idari g\u00f6revlerde bulunan aile \u00fcyeleri kent ve k\u0131r hayat\u0131nda da n\u00fcfuz sahibiydi.(1)<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ailenin Diyarbekir k\u0131rsal\u0131nda da m\u00fclkleri bulunuyordu. Bu m\u00fclkler ise genellikle siyasi ve iktisadi zor ba\u011flam\u0131nda ediniliyor ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ge\u00e7imlik arazileri zapt ediliyordu. Bu yaz\u0131da da Diyarbekir\u2019de toprak sahipli\u011fi ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki Kazazyan ailesi ile Silvanl\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00fczerinden incelenecektir.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde ifade edildi\u011fi gibi 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131k Silvanl\u0131 Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin Dahiliye Nezaretine dilek\u00e7e yazmalar\u0131yla duyulmu\u015ftu. Silvan Kiran k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Ohannes, Haco ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, Hovseb Efendinin o\u011flu Kazazyan Ohannes Efendinin kendi arazilerini zapt ettiklerini ifade ettiler:<\/p>\n

\u201c \u0130ki y\u00fcz seneden beru karyemiz mamur k\u00e2r ve kesbemiz ziraat ve aba-\u0131 ceddimizden bu g\u00fcne kadar mezkur arazimizde tasarruf ve senevi yirmi bin guru\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmet-i seniyeye tekalif vermi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz tasvirat-\u0131 resmiye ile m\u00fc\u015ftedir arazimiz bin be\u015f y\u00fcz kildir ba makule bunun d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz kili kadar yirmi sene evvel zi n\u00fcfusu ve mesned Diyarbekirli Kazazyan Ohannes Efendiye virilmi\u015f ise de mahlul ve bila tapu bulunan arazileri ba\u011f ve ba\u011f\u00e7emizi yed-i zabt\u0131na ge\u00e7irub kullar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn mahrum \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131zla z\u00fckur (erkekler) ve inas (kad\u0131nlar) d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz n\u00fcfusu peri\u015fan ve karyemizde harab itmek maksad\u0131yla mugayir-i adalete hari\u00e7 karyeden adam bulup karyemize on dakika mesafede arazimiz derununde asl\u0131 olmayarak yeniden bir karye ahz itmekde iki senelik idare ne\u015frimize m\u00fcnhas\u0131r g\u00fczden beru haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 acizanemizden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fa\u015f\u0131rub ? bir haldeyiz ona kar\u015fu iktidar\u0131m\u0131z yok ve zalimesinden kurtulmak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e bir tarik bulam\u0131yoruz Allah a\u015fk\u0131na ve adalet merhametine zalimesinde salahiyetimiz bab-\u0131 merhamet kanun dairesinde kullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda icra maamule buyurulmas\u0131 umum ahali nam\u0131na olarak arz ve istirhama c\u00fcret k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r ferman.\u201d(2)<\/p>\n

K\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ifadelerinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi Ohannes Kazazyan Efendi k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ge\u00e7imliklerini elde ettikleri arazileri kendi tasarrufuna ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler bu arazilerin iki y\u00fcz seneden beri kendilerinin oldu\u011funu ve atalar\u0131ndan kendilerine kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdi. Bu ba\u011flamda Ohannes Kazazyan Efendinin m\u00fcdahalesi k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin g\u00f6renek hukuklar\u0131n\u0131n yok say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler, m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayacak herhangi bir yasal belgeye sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in toprakla kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fkileri tarihsel olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde k\u00f6yl\u00fcler tarihsel ba\u011flara vurgu yaparak topraklar\u0131n \u201cmin el kadim\u201dden beri kendi tasarruflar\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyorlard\u0131.(3) Bir ba\u011flamda k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin faydaland\u0131klar\u0131 ortak alanlar Ohannes Kazazyan gibi toprak sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan gasp ediliyordu. Dilek\u00e7ede ayn\u0131 zamanda Ohannes Kazazyan\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri kendi tasarruf ettikleri arazilerde maraba konumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de anla\u015f\u0131lmakta. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ekilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Kazazyan Efendi\u2019ye verildi\u011fini belirtmekte. Ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fck\u00fcmete de senelik yirmi bin guru\u015f kadar vergi verildi\u011fini de vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu durum \u00fczerinde Diyarbekir vali vekili Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019ne olay\u0131 \u00f6zetleyen bir yaz\u0131 kaleme al\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cSilvan Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gelen tahriratta tecav\u00fcze maruz olan Kiran karyesi dahilindeki \u00c7amurlu arazisinin Kazazyan Familyas\u0131na aidiyeti karye mezbure ahalisi ikrar ve tasdik eyledikleri bildirilmesine mebni Kazazyanlar\u0131n ba sened uhde-i tasarruflar\u0131nda bulunan ve fakat ba\u015fkalar\u0131na icar edilerek kendulerine icar talep olunan arazi-i mezkureyi ahire icar eylemekte ve kefil ? tasarruf itmekde mahir olduklar\u0131ndan m\u00fctecavizlerin men-i m\u00fcdahaleleri merkumun ba sened mutasarr\u0131f olduklar\u0131 arazi haricinde sarf k\u00f6yl\u00fcye aid di\u011fer yerler oldu\u011fu takdirde kanun ve usul tevess\u00fcl itmeleri l\u00fczumunun eshab imzaya tefhimi meclisi idare vilayet karar\u0131yla cevaben mezkur kaymakaml\u0131\u011fa yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu malumat-\u0131 maruzdur olbabda emruferman hazreti menleh\u00fclemindir.\u201d(4)<\/p>\n

Vali vekili ise bu arazilerin Kazazyan ailesine ait oldu\u011funu bildirerek Kazazyanlar\u0131n aksine k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin m\u00fcdahalede bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerin bu m\u00fcdahalesinin menedildi\u011fini vurgulayarak Kazazyan ailesinden taraf oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kazazyanlar\u0131n elinde tapu senedi bulunmaktayd\u0131. G\u00fclhane Hatt-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun sonras\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n tapu senedine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu vakada kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyet tapu senedine ba\u011flanarak m\u00fclk sahiplerinin m\u00fclks\u00fczlerden korunmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle m\u00fclks\u00fczler m\u00fclk sahiplerinin arazilerine m\u00fcdahalede bulunamayacaklard\u0131.(5) Nitekim Diyarbekir k\u0131rsal\u0131nda da bu arazi meselesi Kazazyanlar\u0131n lehine sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ise m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ferek \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131yla birlikte ortada kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. G\u00fclhane Hatt-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun ile geli\u015fen hukukun iktisadi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukukun m\u00fclk sahiplerinin lehine tasarlanmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6renek hukukunu ortadan kald\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. Bu ba\u011flamda Kazazyanlar\u0131n lehine geli\u015fen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te de tapu senedi me\u015frutiyetiyle k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin tasarruf ettikleri araziler g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Kazazyan ailesi ile Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131ndaki arazi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u011flamda Diyarbekir k\u0131rsal\u0131 ve toplumu hakk\u0131nda da detaylar vermekte. Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerini konu edinen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar genellikle etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00fczerinden in\u015fa edildi\u011finden dolay\u0131 iktisadi ili\u015fkiler g\u00f6rmezden geliniyor. \u00d6zellikle 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda cereyan eden Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin toprak m\u00fccadeleleri ve sonras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede olu\u015fan Ermeni devrimci hareketi Ermeni meselesi dahilinde olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir konumdad\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki Ermenilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck trajedinin nedenleri aras\u0131nda etnisite bulunmaktad\u0131r. Fakat bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Ermeni toplumunu yekpare bir toplum olarak g\u00f6rmek ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal karakterlerini g\u00f6rmezden gelmek baz\u0131 sorunlara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.(6) Bu sorunlar b\u00f6lgedeki iktisadi ili\u015fkileri ve iktisadi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6lgelemektedir. B\u00f6lgedeki toplumsal unsurlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayamamak, b\u00f6lgenin iktisadi geli\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini izleyememek bug\u00fcn dahi bir\u00e7ok soruna yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Oysaki b\u00f6lgedeki ekonomik dinamiklerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 toplumsal unsurlar\u0131n kimliklerinden s\u0131yr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Nitekim bu ifade kimliksizle\u015ftirme veya herhangi bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yok sayma gibi alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksine ink\u00e2r edilmi\u015f bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla ortaya koymak as\u0131l ama\u00e7 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu olayda oldu\u011fu gibi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Diyarbekir\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu arazi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zengin bir Ermeni aile ile Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi bu bak\u0131mdan madalyonun di\u011fer y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

NOTLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Oseb Kazazyan ve Kazazyan ailesinin Diyarbekir\u2019deki ya\u015famlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. H\u00fcseyin Kurt, \u201c\u0130hanet ve Sadakat \u0130le S\u0131nanm\u0131\u015f Bir Aile: Kazazyanlar\u201d, Haf\u0131za, 2 (1), 2020, 92-113.<\/em><\/p>\n

(2) BOA. DH.MKT. 2755\/72 10 B 1327 (28 Temmuz 1909).<\/em><\/p>\n

(3) Nilay \u00d6zok-G\u00fcndo\u011fan, \u201cII. Me\u015frutiyet Devrimi\u2019ne \u00c7evresel Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131m, II. Me\u015frutiyet Sonras\u0131 Diyarbekir\u2019de K\u00f6yl\u00fc Arzuhallerindeki Toprak Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131\u201d, Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6neminde Diyarbekir\u2019de Toplumsal \u0130li\u015fkiler (1870-1915), der. Joost Jongerden, Jelle Verheij, (\u0130stanbul: \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015), 210.<\/em><\/p>\n

(4) BOA. DH.MKT. 2755\/72 10 B 1327 (28 Temmuz 1909).<\/em><\/p>\n

(5) Alp Y\u00fccel Kaya, \u201cBalkanlar ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da \u0130lk Birikimin Geli\u015fimi (1839- 1914)\u201d, Devrimci Marksizm 45-46, (2021), 55.<\/em><\/p>\n

(6) Ermenilerin b\u00f6lgede tek par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan bir b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve b\u00f6lge tarihinin etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara indirgendi\u011fi bir yakla\u015f\u0131m yerine k\u0131rsaldaki toplumsal dinamikleri s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00fczerinden inceleyen bir yakla\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in bkz. Ya\u015far Tolga Cora, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Ta\u015fras\u0131ndaki Ermeniler \u00dczerine Olan Tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131nda S\u0131n\u0131f Analizinin Eksikli\u011fi\u201d, Praksis 39, 2015, 23-44.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Gazete Duvar<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Silvanl\u0131 Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcler Kazazyan ailesini \u015fik\u00e2yet ederek Dahiliye Nezaretine dilek\u00e7e yazd\u0131lar: \u201conlara kar\u015f\u0131 iktidar\u0131m\u0131z yok, zalimliklerinden kurtulmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e bir yol bulam\u0131yoruz. Allah a\u015fk\u0131na yard\u0131m edin\u201d. Diyarbekir\u2019in en zengin ve varl\u0131kl\u0131 aileleri aras\u0131nda bulunan Kazazyan ailesi, 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hovseb Kazazyan\u2019\u0131n Mebusan Meclisi\u2019ne se\u00e7ilmesiyle birlikte Diyarbekir\u2019de n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan Ermeni k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":79050,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nDiyarbekir Ermenilerine topraktan bakmak: Silvanl\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve Kazazyanlar aras\u0131ndaki arazi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=79049\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diyarbekir Ermenilerine topraktan bakmak: Silvanl\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve Kazazyanlar aras\u0131ndaki arazi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Silvanl\u0131 Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcler Kazazyan ailesini \u015fik\u00e2yet ederek Dahiliye Nezaretine dilek\u00e7e yazd\u0131lar: \u201conlara kar\u015f\u0131 iktidar\u0131m\u0131z yok, zalimliklerinden kurtulmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e bir yol bulam\u0131yoruz. 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