{"id":78765,"date":"2024-03-28T03:17:18","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T08:17:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765"},"modified":"2024-03-28T03:17:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T08:17:18","slug":"bizans-osmanli-cumhuriyet-istanbul-nasil-yonetildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765","title":{"rendered":"Bizans, Osmanl\u0131, Cumhuriyet! \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ertan Altan<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru I. Konstantinos, 324 y\u0131l\u0131nda antik Byzantion kentinin yerinde yeni bir imparatorluk ba\u015fkenti kurmaya karar verdi. 11 May\u0131s 330\u2019da t\u00f6renlerle kutsanan Konstantinopolis, bu tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya yay\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti oldu. Bin y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan fethedilen \u015fehir \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tan\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olma konumunu 600 y\u0131l daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.\u00a0\u0130stanbul<\/a>, Cumhuriyet\u2019le birlikte idari ba\u015fkent olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini kaybetse de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin iktisadi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u015fkenti olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131yor.\u00a0Bug\u00fcnlerde \u00e7eki\u015fmeli bir yerel se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecine sahne olan \u0130stanbul\u2019da 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana \u015fehir hizmetlerinin nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc merak konusu oldu.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\"Bizans,
Bizans\u2019ta \u0130stanbul\u2019u \u2018praefectus urbium\u2019 denilen \u015fehir valisi y\u00f6netiyordu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u0130ZANS\u2019TA BELED\u0130YE MECL\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bizans\u2019ta imparatorluk, \u015fehirleri idare etmek i\u00e7in \u2018praefectus praetori\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen \u015fehir valileri ve \u2018boulai\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen belediye meclisleri olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. \u015eehrin esas y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 ise belediye meclisleriydi.\u00a0Bu meclisler genellikle yerel soylulardan ve \u015fehir halk\u0131n\u0131n temsilcilerinden olu\u015fuyordu. Belediye meclislerinin g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda, yasa olu\u015fturmak ve \u015fehir b\u00fct\u00e7esini y\u00f6netmek vard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

PATR\u0130KHANE ETK\u0130L\u0130 OLDU<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un \u015fehir hizmetleri idari bak\u0131mdan Bizans\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer \u015fehirleri ile benzerlik g\u00f6sterse de, imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daha merkezi bir yap\u0131dayd\u0131.\u0130stanbul\u2019un y\u00f6netimi \u2018praefectus urbium\u2019 denilen \u015fehir valisi, belediye meclisi, askeri yetkililer, dini liderler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun dini merkezi olan Patrikhane\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu \u015fehir oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kilise, \u015fehrin sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyordu.<\/p>\n

\"Bizans,
Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131 \u015fehir y\u00f6netimine yans\u0131d\u0131.\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

OSMANLI\u2019DA \u00c7OKK\u00dcLT\u00dcRL\u00dc YAPI<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131<\/a>\u00a0\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ise \u015fehir y\u00f6netimi, t\u0131pk\u0131 Bizans\u2019ta oldu\u011fu gibi merkezi otorite alt\u0131ndayd\u0131 ancak Osmanl\u0131lar halk\u0131n yerel y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lmas\u0131na daha fazla \u00f6nem veriyordu.\u00a0\u00d6te yandan Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehirleri farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, etnik ve dini gruplara ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu durum \u015fehir y\u00f6netimlerine yans\u0131yordu.<\/strong>Vak\u0131flar, esnaf loncalar\u0131, \u2018m\u00fcderris\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen e\u011fitimciler ve muhaf\u0131zlar, \u2018Meclis-i \u015eehir\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen birimlerde yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130STANBUL\u2019DA \u015eEHREMANET\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130stanbul, Bizans\u2019taki gibi ba\u015fkent oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015fehir y\u00f6netimi bu konumuna uygun bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. En tepede padi\u015fah\u0131n temsilcisi olarak \u2018Sancak Beyi\u2019 yer al\u0131yordu. Kad\u0131asker, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki yarg\u0131 i\u015flerinden sorumluydu.\u00a0Suba\u015f\u0131lar \u015fehrin polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. \u015eehremaneti olan \u015eehir Meclisi yerel y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 olarak \u015fehirdeki sorunlar\u0131n konu\u015fuldu\u011fu bir yerdi.<\/strong>\u00a0Mecliste, t\u00fcccarlar ve halk temsilcileri yer al\u0131yordu. Esnaf loncalar\u0131 ve zanaatkarlar da kendi temsilcilerini belirleyerek bu meclislere yolluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Bizans,
\u0130stanbul 1933\u2019te yap\u0131lan \u015fehir plan\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli geni\u015fledi.\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1933\u2019TE \u0130LK \u015eEH\u0130R PLANI<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1923-1924 tarihlerinde Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk \u0130stanbul \u015eehremini Haydar Bey\u2019di. \u015eehremanetinde bir imar komisyonu kurulmu\u015f; \u015fehrin imar hareketleri buradan y\u00f6netilmi\u015fti.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019da kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fehir planlama uygulamas\u0131 ise ilk defa 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 \u015fehircilik yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Frans\u0131z \u015fehir planc\u0131 Henry Prost taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Belediyesi ile Henri Prost aras\u0131nda imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle \u0130stanbul Naz\u0131m Plan\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130L\u00c7ELER \u0130\u00c7\u0130N MINTIKA\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1943-1953 d\u00f6nemini kapsayan On Senelik Plan\u2019da \u201cM\u0131nt\u0131ka Plan\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir b\u00f6lgeleme plan\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Henri Prost, Dr. L\u00fctfi K\u0131rdar\u2019\u0131n valilik ve belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde de \u0130stanbul\u2019un planlamas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Tek parti d\u00f6neminde valilik ve belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkileri tek elde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a01 Nisan 1958\u2019de \u0130stanbul Metropoliten Alan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n planlamas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flayan \u0130stanbul \u0130mar Planlama M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise \u015fehri \u0130stanbul, Beyo\u011flu, Anadolu yakas\u0131 ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i b\u00f6lgelerine ay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong> 1960\u2019lardan itibaren h\u0131z kazanan g\u00f6\u00e7lerle birlikte de \u0130stanbul\u2019un yeni il\u00e7eleri olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Web \u00d6zel<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/haberglobal.com.tr\/yazarlar\/bizans-osmanli-cumhuriyet-istanbul-nasil-yonetildi-328448<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ertan Altan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru I. Konstantinos, 324 y\u0131l\u0131nda antik Byzantion kentinin yerinde yeni bir imparatorluk ba\u015fkenti kurmaya karar verdi. 11 May\u0131s 330\u2019da t\u00f6renlerle kutsanan Konstantinopolis, bu tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya yay\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti oldu. Bin y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan fethedilen \u015fehir \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tan\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olma konumunu 600 y\u0131l daha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":78766,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-istanbul"],"yoast_head":"\nBizans, Osmanl\u0131, Cumhuriyet! \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bizans, Osmanl\u0131, Cumhuriyet! \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ertan Altan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru I. Konstantinos, 324 y\u0131l\u0131nda antik Byzantion kentinin yerinde yeni bir imparatorluk ba\u015fkenti kurmaya karar verdi. 11 May\u0131s 330\u2019da t\u00f6renlerle kutsanan Konstantinopolis, bu tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya yay\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti oldu. 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- Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bizans, Osmanl\u0131, Cumhuriyet! \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Ertan Altan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru I. Konstantinos, 324 y\u0131l\u0131nda antik Byzantion kentinin yerinde yeni bir imparatorluk ba\u015fkenti kurmaya karar verdi. 11 May\u0131s 330\u2019da t\u00f6renlerle kutsanan Konstantinopolis, bu tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya yay\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti oldu. Bin y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan fethedilen \u015fehir \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tan\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olma konumunu 600 y\u0131l daha […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2024-03-28T08:17:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1230,"height":692,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/03\/Istanbul.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Bizans, Osmanl\u0131, Cumhuriyet! \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi?","datePublished":"2024-03-28T08:17:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765"},"wordCount":711,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/03\/Istanbul.webp","articleSection":["Haberler","Istanbul"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765","name":"Bizans, Osmanl\u0131, Cumhuriyet! \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/03\/Istanbul.webp","datePublished":"2024-03-28T08:17:18+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/03\/Istanbul.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/03\/Istanbul.webp","width":1230,"height":692},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=78765#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bizans, Osmanl\u0131, Cumhuriyet! \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=78765"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":78767,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78765\/revisions\/78767"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/78766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=78765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=78765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=78765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}