{"id":77505,"date":"2023-12-26T03:36:01","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T08:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=77505"},"modified":"2023-12-26T03:36:01","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T08:36:01","slug":"bir-zamanlar-diyarbakirda-tasimacilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=77505","title":{"rendered":"Bir zamanlar Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Diyarbak\u0131r’da bir d\u00f6nem deveciler, faytoncular, kat\u0131rc\u0131lar, e\u015fek\u00e7iler kentin say\u0131l\u0131 erbaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\"Bir<\/a><\/div>\n
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AHMET S\u00dcNB\u00dcL – \u00d6ZEL<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r’da bir d\u00f6nem yapt\u0131klar\u0131 mesleklerle an\u0131lan i\u015fin erbab\u0131 olan ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar, makinele\u015fme ile birlikte art\u0131k yok. Deveciler, faytoncular, kat\u0131rc\u0131lar, e\u015fek\u00e7iler kentin say\u0131l\u0131 erbaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlard\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok aile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu i\u015fle birlikte an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yapt\u0131klar\u0131 meslek sayesinde kent dokusunun ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve ekonominin ula\u015f\u0131mda ana g\u00f6revini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Develerin yerini kamyonlar, e\u015fek ve kat\u0131rlar\u0131n yerini trakt\u00f6r ve kamyonetler, faytonlar\u0131n yerini ise taksiler ald\u0131. Ula\u015f\u0131m ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem, motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata girmesiyle birlikte tek tek yok olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

KENT DOKUSUNUN TA\u015eIYICILARI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Onlarca medeniyete ev sahibi yapm\u0131\u015f olan Diyarbak\u0131r, mimari dokusu yan\u0131nda, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, inan\u00e7sal dokusunu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Binlerce y\u0131ldan s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen kent dokusunun ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011fal olarak meslek erbaplar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu meslekler ve erbaplar\u0131 yetenek ve ilgilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra geleneksel olarak etnik ve inan\u00e7sal \u00f6zelliklerini, dillerini icra ettikleri mesleklerle de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve korumu\u015flard\u0131r. Suri\u00e7i, kadim Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n bizzat kendisidir ve dokusu ve meslek gruplar\u0131 ili\u015fkisi de eskidir. Bu ili\u015fki, farkl\u0131 yap\u0131, etnik gruplar vb. olsa da Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesinde de kendisini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Farkl\u0131 uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u015fam alan\u0131 olmu\u015f kentin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131n\u0131 saran Surlar, Diyarbak\u0131r sakinlerini ve y\u00f6neticilerini d\u0131\u015f sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 koruma g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu tarihte.<\/p>\n

D\u0130YARBAKIR ZOR B\u0130R KALE<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kale kent Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 her gece kapat\u0131l\u0131p sabah tekrar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, hatta e\u011fer istenirse y\u0131llarca a\u00e7madan kal\u0131nabilecek \u00f6zelliklere sahipti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kentin su ihtiyac\u0131, surlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndan akan “Anzele” ismi verilen yer alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan suyla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131. G\u0131da ihtiyac\u0131 ise geni\u015f sur i\u00e7i tarla ve bah\u00e7eleriyle korunakl\u0131 bur\u00e7lar sayesinde kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131. Surlar\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen bu tarla ve bah\u00e7elerde meyve, sebze ve bu\u011fday gibi tah\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yeti\u015ftirilirdi. Bu \u00f6zellikleriyle tarih boyunca ele ge\u00e7irilmesi zor bir kale kent idi Diyarbak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r’da Cumhuriyet ile birlikte kentin bar\u0131nma ve mesken dokusu h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frar. Surlar\u0131n hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bal\u00e7\u0131ktan evler \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihi kesme ta\u015fl\u0131, tavan\u0131 toprak iki katl\u0131 evlerin yerini \u00e7ok katl\u0131 harman tu\u011flal\u0131 ve beton y\u0131\u011fma evler almaya ba\u015flar. Harman tu\u011fla ve kum ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar kentin Suri\u00e7i\u2019ni tarihi ve mimari dokusuna d\u00f6nemin belediye ba\u015fkan ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiras ve izinleriyle bozarken ayn\u0131 zamanda surlar\u0131n hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 2\u20133 katl\u0131, bah\u00e7eli modern evlerin ve ilk binalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olur.<\/p>\n

TA\u015eIYICI MESLEK GRUPLARI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Ramazan Ergin’in “Eski Diyarbak\u0131r’da ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar, kum ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, e\u015fek\u00e7iler” adl\u0131 makalesinde Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde eski mahallelere eklenen yeni mahalle adlar\u0131ndan Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a geli\u015f tarihleri anla\u015f\u0131lan ve yeni meslekler edinen veya baz\u0131 eski meslekleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenler ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 semtler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelik s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re Kelek\u00e7iler ba\u015ftad\u0131r. Onlara ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kat\u0131rc\u0131lar ise Kelek\u00e7ilerin Dicle nehri \u00fczerinden getirdikleri yasal ve ka\u00e7ak odunlar\u0131 Dicle nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan Saray Kap\u0131-Kur\u015funlu Camii civar\u0131nda odun t\u00fcccarlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131. O zamanlar ta\u015fk\u0131n Dicle nehri \u00fczerinde say\u0131lar\u0131 elliyi bulan Kelek\u00e7ilerin getirdikleri odunlar makinele\u015fme ve yol olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ancak Kat\u0131rlarla ta\u015f\u0131nabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Keleklerle ta\u015f\u0131nan bu odunlar Ermeni kaday\u0131f\u00e7\u0131lar ile ekmek f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131na, askeri birliklere ve halka sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130lk olarak yerle\u015ftikleri Yeni Kap\u0131 ve Saray Kap\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan odun getiren Ermeni Kelek\u00e7ilerin yerini alanlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla E\u011fil il\u00e7esindendirler. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Bing\u00f6l’den gelip kente yerle\u015fen ve Ermeni kaday\u0131f\u00e7\u0131 ile f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu konuda marka sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Deveciler:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Develerle uzak diyarlardan Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a mal al\u0131p getirirlerdi. Uzun yolculuklar- Hac gibi- deve kervanlar\u0131 ile yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Develerin kendileri azalsa da Diyarbak\u0131r da bu i\u015fi yapan aile bireylerinin (Mala Deveciyan) Deveci Ailesi- olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve itibarla bahsedilirler. Develer uzun y\u0131llar y\u00fck ve ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015finde kullan\u0131ld\u0131lar. En son, 1950’lere kadar de\u011firmen dinglerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. Buralarda kat\u0131r ve e\u015feklerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile devecilik mesle\u011fi de tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bir anlamda.<\/p>\n

Faytoncular:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bir d\u00f6nem taksiler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren Faytoncular iki at ile kentin ana sokaklar\u0131nda hasta ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fini de yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de Han\u00e7epek Mahallesi\u2019nden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201cA\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Mahalle\u201d denilen mahalleye m\u00fc\u015fteri ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015finde kullan\u0131ld\u0131lar y\u0131llarca. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f faytonlar\u0131n yerini ticari taksiler almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda tamamen ve hi\u00e7 yokmu\u015flar gibi meslekleriyle birlikte kendileri de s\u0131rra kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

E\u015fek\u00e7iler:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dicle nehrinin yatak kenarlar\u0131nda sular\u0131n ta\u015fma ve \u00e7ekilme izleri bug\u00fcn\u00fcn katlar\u0131 ile ifade edildi\u011fi y\u0131llarda bata\u011fa bula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f kum ocaklar\u0131ndan kum getirme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 azd\u0131. Suri\u00e7i ara ve ana sokaklar\u0131n temizli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6p ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, de\u011firmenlere un g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp getirme, tu\u011fla ve kum ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in en pratik ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131 e\u015fekti. Ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle e\u015fek ba\u015f\u0131na iki y\u00fck hesab\u0131yla kumlar ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131 terk eden, terk etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lan gayr-\u0131 M\u00fcslimlerden al\u0131nan eski evlere, briket-harman tu\u011fla evlerin benzeri evler Suri\u00e7i\u2019nde bazen eskiler tamam\u0131 ile y\u0131k\u0131larak, bazen 3\u20134 ailenin kalaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lmelere ayr\u0131larak tahrif edilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda. Suri\u00e7i\u2019nde beton yeni evlerin kat say\u0131lar\u0131 artarak \u00e7o\u011falan binalar y\u00fckseltilir. Belediyeler \u00e7ok katl\u0131 ruhsatlar vermeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca E\u015fek\u00e7ilere b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal olarak 3\u20138 aras\u0131 e\u015fe\u011fi olan kum ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r. Bu tahribatlar ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda kum ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n etkisi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen makinele\u015fme ile motorlu ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yars\u0131ndan sonra katlanarak devam eder.<\/p>\n

E\u015eEKLER \u00c7\u00d6P TA\u015eIMADA KULLANILIRDI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k mesle\u011fini e\u015feklerle yapanlar aras\u0131nda en profesyoneller kum ve \u00e7\u00f6p ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n 2\u20138 aras\u0131 e\u015fekleri vard\u0131. Genellikle m\u00fcteahhit \u00fczerinden belediyenin \u00e7\u00f6p ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ile kendi e\u015fekleri ile kum ta\u015f\u0131yanlard\u0131. Toplanan \u00e7\u00f6pler sonradan Surda a\u00e7\u0131lan, Sanc\u0131l\u0131 Ziyaret ile Alpaslan \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Okulunun aras\u0131ndaki Sur’da a\u00e7\u0131lan delikten d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00c7\u00f6p d\u00f6kme alan\u0131 motorlu ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131ktan sonra K\u0131rklar da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131na Dicle Nehri’ne d\u00f6k\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r’da e\u015fekler yaln\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck de de\u011fil, di\u011fer hizmet alanlar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, Hevsel Bah\u00e7eleri\u2019nden getirilen sebze ve meyveler bunlar\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda girerdi \u015fehre, \u00e7ay \u00f6n\u00fcnden odun bunlarla getirilirdi kente.<\/p>\n

Hevsel Bah\u00e7eleri\u2019nde bah\u00e7eden yeti\u015ftirdiklerini toplay\u0131p ayn\u0131 adla an\u0131lan pazara g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kendi e\u015fekleri vard\u0131. Tu\u011fla ve odun ta\u015f\u0131na i\u015fleri de e\u015feklerle yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde e\u015fekler de\u011firmenlere y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015finde de kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

MAK\u0130NELE\u015eME \u0130LE BU MESLEK ERBABLARI DA TAR\u0130HE KARI\u015eTI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r kent ya\u015fam\u0131nda Cumhuriyet ile birlikte geli\u015fen modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde kent dokusuna k\u0131rsal kesimden gelenlerin kendilerine g\u00f6re yeni meslekler ve meslek gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu yeni meslek gruplar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal ve siyasal hayata \u00f6nemli oranda etki etmi\u015flerdir. Modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde \u015fehrin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda rol oynayarak kadim yap\u0131n\u0131n dokusunun, bi\u00e7iminin fark\u0131nda olmadan de\u011fi\u015fimine hizmet etmi\u015flerdir. Ancak devam\u0131nda modernle\u015fme hem bu mesleklerin hem de meslek sahiplerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Kum ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle mimari alanda Suri\u00e7i\u2019nin \u00e7arp\u0131k yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda rol oynayan beton binalar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine katk\u0131 sunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Motorlu ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ve gittik\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi nedeniyle \u015fehrin dar sokaklar\u0131na girebilecek duruma gelmesi, \u015fehrin sur i\u00e7inden ta\u015fmas\u0131 da bu kentte baz\u0131 mesleklerin ortadan kalkmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin her soka\u011f\u0131n\u0131, her gelen ve gidenini, \u00e7e\u015fitli ve farkl\u0131 e\u015fraf\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131ma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip bu meslek gruplar\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 aileler sivrilerek \u015fehrin yeni bi\u00e7imlenmesinde kendilerine yeni yerler tutarken (deveciler, kat\u0131rc\u0131lar gibi…), baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise tutunamayarak \u015fehri terk etmek ve ba\u015fka ge\u00e7im alanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.guneydoguekspres.com\/bir-zamanlar-diyarbakirda-tasimacilik?fbclid=IwAR2368tIPpe3ncDiW9mK1hbCGu9IAA9V900HE13gTWfb9oM4szofko_MkyM\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Diyarbak\u0131r’da bir d\u00f6nem deveciler, faytoncular, kat\u0131rc\u0131lar, e\u015fek\u00e7iler kentin say\u0131l\u0131 erbaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlard\u0131. AHMET S\u00dcNB\u00dcL – \u00d6ZEL Diyarbak\u0131r’da bir d\u00f6nem yapt\u0131klar\u0131 mesleklerle an\u0131lan i\u015fin erbab\u0131 olan ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar, makinele\u015fme ile birlikte art\u0131k yok. Deveciler, faytoncular, kat\u0131rc\u0131lar, e\u015fek\u00e7iler kentin say\u0131l\u0131 erbaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlard\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok aile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu i\u015fle birlikte an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yapt\u0131klar\u0131 meslek sayesinde kent dokusunun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":77506,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nBir zamanlar Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=77505\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bir zamanlar Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Diyarbak\u0131r’da bir d\u00f6nem deveciler, faytoncular, kat\u0131rc\u0131lar, e\u015fek\u00e7iler kentin say\u0131l\u0131 erbaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlard\u0131. 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