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Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cCumhuriyet\u2019in 100. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131\u201d konferans\u0131 17-18 Kas\u0131m tarihlerinde Anarad H\u0131\u011futyun Binas\u0131 Havak salonunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Konferansta, 11 \u00fclkeden 25 tebli\u011f sunuldu. Etnik, din\u00ee ve dilsel az\u0131nl\u0131klara mensup ki\u015filerin sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar ve bu sorunlara dair \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Konferansa kat\u0131lan izleyiciler oturumlar\u0131 y\u00fcz y\u00fcze izlerken vakf\u0131n Youtube hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan canl\u0131 yay\u0131nla dinleyiciler oturumlar\u0131 uzaktan da izleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu. Konferans\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Rakel Dink yaparken a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f tebli\u011fini BM Az\u0131nl\u0131k Konular\u0131 Eski \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Fernand de Varennes sundu. Her iki konu\u015fmay\u0131 ge\u00e7en hafta Agos\u2019ta yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bu hafta konferansa kat\u0131lan akademisyenlerin konu\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bir \u00f6zet sunuyoruz.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n EBRU KAR\u015eIN-\u0130\u015eHAN ERD\u0130N\u00c7-M\u0130RAN MANUKYAN<\/strong><\/p>\n Konferans\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda AB T\u00fcrkiye Delegasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Nikolaus Meyer- Landrut da bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131 ve dinleyicileri selamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n Turgut Tarhanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n oturum ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk panel \u201cKavramsal \u00c7er\u00e7eve ve Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Panelde ilk sunumu \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131k Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Tarihsel Evrimi\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla Olgun Akbulut yapt\u0131. Akbulut, I. ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131k\u2019 tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu tan\u0131mlarda kullan\u0131lan (\u0131rk, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, ik\u00e2met, din, dil, etnik\/k\u00fclt\u00fcr gibi) objektif ve s\u00fcbjektif unsurlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Di\u011fer konu\u015fmac\u0131 Ye\u015fim Bayar ise \u201cUluslararas\u0131 Akt\u00f6rler, Az\u0131nl\u0131k Rejimleri ve Osmanl\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Yeniden Yap\u0131lanma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda, Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nin az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131 konusundaki i\u015fleyi\u015finden s\u00f6z etti. El konan mallar\u0131n\u0131n iadesi ya da tazminat\u0131 talebiyle Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne ilk ba\u015fvuruyu yapan Madam Nektar Duz\u2019u ve benzer hak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerini anlatt\u0131. Bayar, al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n, daha \u00e7ok, homojen politikalar benimseyen ulus devletlerin lehinde oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n Sunumlardan sonra k\u0131sa bir de\u011ferlendirme yapan Turgut Tarhanl\u0131, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klar meselesi, akdedildi\u011fi tarih ve uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih aras\u0131ndaki zaman dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bug\u00fcn, bu haklar\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 hukuku ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk dikkate al\u0131narak uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n Lozan sonras\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci oturumu \u201cLozan Sonras\u0131 Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Ayhan Aktar\u2019\u0131n moderat\u00f6rl\u00fck yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu oturumda\u00a0 Bask\u0131n Oran, Derya Bay\u0131r ve David Gaunt sunumlar yapt\u0131. Bask\u0131n Oran \u201cLozan, Az\u0131nl\u0131k\u00a0 Haklar\u0131, K\u00fcrtler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda Lozan Konferans\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki K\u00fcrt topluluklar\u0131n ili\u015fkisine de\u011findi. Oran, \u201cLozan 1. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u0131 bitirenler aras\u0131nda \u015fu anda uygulanmakta olan tek bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131. Bunu da iki taraf a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da Lozan\u2019\u0131n ne zafer ne de hezimet olu\u015funa bor\u00e7luyuz\u201d dedi. Oran, \u201cK\u00fcrtlerin Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131, Sevr\u2019deki B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan projesi sayesinde oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun kuzeyinde planlanan ve Artvin\u2019den bat\u0131da Giresun\u2019a uzanan, oradan g\u00fcneye inerek Erzincan, Erzurum, Mu\u015f ve Van\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan projesinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Wilson taraf\u0131ndan kesinle\u015ftirilecekti ve bu s\u0131n\u0131r ne kadar g\u00fcneye inerse \u00d6zerk K\u00fcrdistan o kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclecekti. Yani, K\u00fcrtleri rahats\u0131z eden B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan projesi bu halk\u0131 Ankara\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131na itmi\u015ftir\u201d dedi. Bask\u0131n Oran Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131klara verdi\u011fi haklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uygulamay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair \u00f6rnekler de sundu ve \u201cHaklar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 garanti alt\u0131ndaki gayrim\u00fcslim haklar\u0131 b\u00f6yle olunca, K\u00fcrtlerin dil haklar\u0131 hi\u00e7 tan\u0131nmad\u0131. Mahkemelerde kendi dillerini s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak kullanma haklar\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrt Ligi\u2019nden Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne mektup<\/strong><\/p>\n Derya Bay\u0131r, \u201cK\u00fcrtlere Lozan’da Hak Tan\u0131nd\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda Lozan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrtler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u00a0 bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bay\u0131r, Halil Berdirhan gibi isimlerin ve o d\u00f6nem faal olan K\u00fcrt Ligi\u2019nin Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne mektup yazarak Uluslar\u0131n Kendi Kaderini Tayin Hakk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131na ve di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klara verilen haklardan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131na itiraz ettiklerini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Bay\u0131r \u201cK\u00fcrtler bug\u00fcn \u2018Biz az\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011filiz\u2019 diyorlar ancak 1925\u2019te\u00a0 az\u0131nl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn verilmeyi\u015fini ele\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir\u201d dedi. Bay\u0131r Hoybun Cemiyeti\u2019nin de Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne mektup yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi taahh\u00fctlerine sad\u0131k kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ele\u015ftirdi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Mektupta beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda durmayan devletlerin de T\u00fcrkiye kadar sorumlu oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n S\u00fcryani Kilisesi\u2019nin boyun e\u011fmesi<\/strong> Gaunt \u201cBu d\u00f6nemde Ankara\u2019daki milliyet\u00e7iler g\u00fc\u00e7 ve toprak elde etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar, bu durumda yeni siyaset belirlendi. \u2018Hayatta kalan S\u00fcryaniler yeni devletle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olmamal\u0131\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131, ancak bu tutum ele\u015ftirilere de neden oldu\u201d dedi. Gaunt bu yeni siyaseti \u201cBiz az\u0131nl\u0131k olmak istemiyoruz, vatanda\u015f olmak istiyoruz deniyordu\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u00f6zetledi. Gaunt S\u00fcryani toplumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck can kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te olup bitenlerin de inkar\u00a0 edildi\u011fini kaydetti. Gaunt bu politikaya ra\u011fmen S\u00fcryani patri\u011finin 1924\u2019te s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011fini, vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. David Gaunt bu politikan\u0131n bir sonucu olarak inkarc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n Arap\u00e7a konu\u015fan Ortodokslar<\/strong> Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu \u201cToplum, devlet ya da kilise gibi merkezi bir iktidar taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f, esnek ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 yok. Akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7ok az\u201d dedi ve Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca toplumun kimli\u011finin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini belgelerle, \u00f6rneklerle anlatt\u0131. Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu Arap Dilli Ortodokslar\u0131n 6 \u015eubat 2023 depremiyle her anlam\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n Yunanistan\u2019daki Ermeniler<\/strong> Ntilsizian 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren baz\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131 lehine de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, ancak 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n Oturumun son sunumunu \u2018S\u00fcrg\u00fcn Edilen ve \u0130stenmeyen Bir Az\u0131nl\u0131k: Hakk\u00e2ri S\u00fcryanileri\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla Nicholas Al-Jeloo, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i yapt\u0131. Al- Jeloo, Hakkari\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayan kalabal\u0131k S\u00fcryani n\u00fcfusunun Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131 10.000\u2019den fazlas\u0131n\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Nasturi \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yer isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle geri d\u00f6nmek isteyenlerin \u00e7o\u011funun da k\u00f6ylerini bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u00f6klerine ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201cApelasis\u2019i d\u00fcn gibi hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum\u201d<\/strong> Pelin Tan \u2018Dicle Nehri Ekolojisi ve Peyzajda Ekstraktivist Olmayan Pratikler\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunu, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i yapt\u0131. Tan sunumunda Ekok\u0131r\u0131m ve mekank\u0131r\u0131m tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yerel halk\u0131n do\u011fa\/ peyzaj ile ili\u015fkilerinin kopart\u0131lmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131na ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerine de\u011findi.<\/p>\n Urla ve Rumlar<\/strong><\/p>\n Konferans\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u2018K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras, Haf\u0131za ve M\u00fclkiyet\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panelle ba\u015flad\u0131. Oturum ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ayfer Bartu Candan’\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 panelde Mimarl\u0131k ve Mimarl\u0131k Tarih\u00e7isi Melis Cankara ‘\u0130zmir-Urla Yar\u0131madas\u0131’ndan Fragmanlar: Rum Emv\u00e2l-i Metr\u00fbkesi’nin Yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir sunum ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Cankara, T\u00fcrkiye Yunanistan aras\u0131nda imzalanan Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile yer de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeye zorlanan n\u00fcfusun ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 topraklarda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131 stoklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgiler payla\u015ft\u0131. Urla G\u00fczelbah\u00e7e’de bulunan Agios Dimitros Rum Kilisesi’yle ilgili tarihi s\u00fcreci vurgulayan Ayfer Bartu Candan, sunumunda kilisenin yap\u0131m\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131lan zorluklar\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Hizan ve Ermeniler<\/strong><\/p>\n Oturum \u00d6zge Kurban\u2019\u0131n 1915 \u00f6ncesinde Ermenilerin, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bitlis Hizan k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn mimari yap\u0131s\u0131na odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘Hizan Bitlis’de Ermenilerin K\u0131rsal Miras\u0131n\u0131 Kolektif Bellek \u00dczerinde Okumak ‘ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumuyla devam etti. Kurban, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l ziyaretinde ke\u015ffetti\u011fi \u015fehir tabelalar\u0131nda k\u00f6y isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fini ve resmi isimleriyle yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131. Kurban, \u201cErmeniler Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir cemaatti ve do\u011fu vilayetlerinde bir \u00e7ok Ermeninin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlarda yer al\u0131yordu, fakat 1915’deki tehcir ve katliamlarla sistematik olarak yok edildiler\u201d dedi \u00d6zge Kurban \u201cK\u00f6yde rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcn ne kadar eskiye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 anlamam\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. 1990’larda H\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131lan evlerin kullan\u0131lmaz hale geldi\u011fini vurgulayan Kurban, k\u00f6y n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e azald\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011findi.<\/p>\n \u00dcmit K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 ‘T\u00fcrkiye’deki Dini Az\u0131nl\u0131klara ait M\u00fclklerin \u0130adesi ile \u0130lgili Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi’nin Tatmin Edici (Olmayan) Tutumu’ adl\u0131 bir sunum yapt\u0131. Strasbourg’da i\u00e7tihat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yakan K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n mallar\u0131na 1974’den sonra el konmas\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgu yapt\u0131. K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi’nin az\u0131nl\u0131k m\u00fclklerinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 hukuksal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin a\u015famalar\u0131na de\u011findi ve\u00a0 bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 1936 Beyannamesi’ne vurgu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n Miray \u00c7ak\u0131ro\u011flu ‘T\u00fcrkiye’deki Gayrim\u00fcslim M\u00fclkiyetinin Zamansall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Felaket Sonras\u0131 Antakya B\u00f6lgesi ve \u0130stanbul’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir sunun yapt\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim mallar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca tarihsel de\u011fil etnografik bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda az\u0131nl\u0131k m\u00fclkiyetinde “zamansall\u0131k” fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine de\u011findi. \u00c7ak\u0131ro\u011flu m\u00fclkiyet sorununun her zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir sorun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtirken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye siyasetinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutan “helalle\u015fme” gibi siyasi s\u00f6ylemlerin yans\u0131malar\u0131na da de\u011findi.<\/p>\n Konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n “2012 Beyannamesi”ne ve inceledi\u011fi kaynaklara de\u011finen \u00c7ak\u0131ro\u011flu, m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmenin zaman i\u00e7erisinde kademe kademe ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finin, \u00f6zel alanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ortak ve kamusal alanlar\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul ve Antakya kentlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren \u00c7ak\u0131ro\u011flu Antakya\u2019n\u0131n kimlik yap\u0131s\u0131ndan ileri gelen bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla kimlik ve m\u00fclkiyet kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n Ermeni okullar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Nesrin U\u00e7arlar moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki \u201cKimlik, Aidiyet ve D\u0131\u015flanma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panelde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 H\u00fclya Delih\u00fcseyno\u011flu \u2018Ermeni Okullar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcphemlikle Y\u00f6netimi\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sundu. Kas\u0131m 2018- 2019 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 6 okul ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 120 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, gazete, makale, kanuni bilgileri baz ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma,15.y\u00fczy\u0131lda ke\u015fi\u015f \u00f6\u011fretmenlikle ba\u015flayan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Ermeni okullar\u0131na kadar gelen e\u011fitim sisteminin stat\u00fc, m\u00fcfredat, y\u00f6netim \u015fekillerini kaps\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 panelde Hrag Papazian \u2018G\u00e2vur\u2019dan \u2018G\u00e2vuro\u011flu\u2019na: T\u00fcrkiye’de Din\u00ee ve Irksal D\u0131\u015flama Paralel Rejimleri\u2019 sunumunda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ifadeler \u00fczerinden \u00f6rnekler, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klardan yola \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Din ve \u0131rk temelli d\u0131\u015flanma \u00fczerine durdu.<\/p>\n Roman politikalar\u0131<\/strong> \u0130rfan \u00c7a\u011fatay, \u2018Cumhuriyetin 100. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Lazlar\u2019 sunumuyla 1800\u2019lerin sonundan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Lazlar\u0131n tarihi ve Lazcaya ilginin d\u00f6nemsel\u00a0 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden s\u00f6z etti. \u00c7a\u011fatay 1929\u2019da Sovyet Rusya\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan ilk Lazca gazeteden, 1984\u2019te Almanya\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan alfabeden, Laz R\u00f6nesans\u0131 diye nitelendirilen, 1993\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yay\u0131nlardan s\u00f6z etti. Ancak Lazca devlet taraf\u0131ndan 2012- 2013 y\u0131llar\u0131nda se\u00e7meli dersler kapsam\u0131na girinceye kadar tan\u0131nm\u0131yor. \u00c7a\u011fatay, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle sosyal medya sayesinde dili etkin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayacak insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n Panelin son konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 Victoria Arakelova, \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ezidi Meselesi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131\u00a0 sunumuna \u2018haklar\u0131nda en az ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lan etnik dinsel grup\u2019 nitelendirmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Yok edilmi\u015f k\u00f6yleri, farkl\u0131 gruplarla birlikte say\u0131lmalar\u0131 nedeniyle say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak bilinmedi\u011fini, haklar\u0131ndaki yayg\u0131n kli\u015feler (\u015feytana tapma) nedeniyle g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri \u015fiddetli zul\u00fcm ve g\u00f6\u00e7leri anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Ay\u015fe Kad\u0131o\u011flu moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki son panel \u201cDin, \u0130nan\u00e7 ve Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Christopher Sheklian\u2019\u0131n \u2018Ayin (Liturji), Kilise Bilimi (Eklesiyoloji), ve Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r Surp Giragos Kilisesi\u2019nde 2013 ve 2014 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Paskalya ayinleri ve Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 oda\u011f\u0131ndan din, din haklar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n AKP ve\u00a0 az\u0131nl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>\n Howard Eissenstat, \u2018\u00c7e\u015fitlilik\u2019, \u2018Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019 ve AK Parti \u00dczerine: Cumhuriyet\u2019in 100. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yak\u0131nla\u015fma ve Ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Ele Almak\u2019 sunumunda s\u00fcreci AKP\u2019nin iki on y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemine ay\u0131rarak anlatt\u0131. S\u00f6ze ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc kelimesini her kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini belirterek ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemde al\u0131nan destek, d\u0131\u015f politika, liberalle\u015fmenin Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n tam hakimiyet sa\u011flamas\u0131yla u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimden bahsetti. Eissenstat az\u0131nl\u0131klar konusunda at\u0131lan geri ad\u0131mlar ve 24 Nisan Anmalar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Angelo Francesco Carlucci,\u2018T\u00fcrkiye’de Alevilerin Din\u00ee Haklar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in M\u00fccadelesi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunu \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i yapt\u0131. Din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, uluslararas\u0131 haklar ve uygulamalar aras\u0131ndaki farklara de\u011findi. Alevilik din mi, inan\u00e7 m\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr m\u00fc sorular\u0131na yan\u0131t arayan sosyal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan, cem evlerinin bir dernek ya da vakfa ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fundan, ibadethane stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip olmamalar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etti. Sadece yerel y\u00f6netimlerin deste\u011finin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0131s\u0131nma, elektrik gibi giderlerin, ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n da cem evi kurma ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 zorlay\u0131c\u0131 etkenler oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/admin.agos.com.tr\/Upload\/Agos\/Images\/berge%20az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k%20konferans%20cuma%201.jpg\")
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\nBu oturumda ayr\u0131ca David Gaunt \u201cS\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019nin\u00a0 Siyaseten Boyun E\u011fmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir sunum yapt\u0131. Gaunt S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019nin 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6lgesinde iken bir anda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatarak sunumuna ba\u015flad\u0131. Gaunt, \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmetler bu toplulu\u011fu her zaman \u00f6nemsiz bulmu\u015f, yat\u0131r\u0131m bile yapmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d dedi. Gaunt \u201cHi\u00e7bir zaman sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rmeyen az\u0131nl\u0131klar var, S\u00fcryanilere en s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 haklar dahi sunulmad\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Rumlar, Ermeniler, Yahudiler gibi temsil g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Mardin\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. Gaunt \u201c1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u00f6zerklik talebini g\u00fcndeme getirdiler, Paris bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine bir piskopos kat\u0131ld\u0131, kendilerine \u2018S\u00fcryani-Keldani Heyeti \u2018 diyorlard\u0131 ama elleri bo\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcler, sonra \u00f6zerklikten vazge\u00e7tiler\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/admin.agos.com.tr\/Upload\/Agos\/Images\/berge%20az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k%20konferans%20cuma%203.jpg\")
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\nH\u00fclya Adak\u2019\u0131n oturum ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc panelinin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKimlik ve Tan\u0131nma\u201d idi. Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu \u2018Cumhuriyet Tarihinde Antakyal\u0131 Arap\u00e7a Konu\u015fan Ortodokslar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131rdal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 sunumunu, Arap Ortodokslar\u0131n standartla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f kimlikleri, \u0130stanbul ve kentli \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f odakl\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k kilise hiyerar\u015fisi alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131. Anadil eksikli\u011finin getirdi\u011fi kurumsalla\u015famama, m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme, \u201cKim bunlar?\u201d sorular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7, m\u00fcbadele, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6nemlerini nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini anlatt\u0131. Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu \u201cNe oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamayan bir topluluk. Hayat\u0131m boyunca bu soruyla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131m. \u0130smim T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ama M\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011filim, Ana dilim Arap\u00e7a ama Maruni de\u011filim, \u201d diyerek kendi hayat\u0131ndan da \u00f6rnekler verdi.<\/p>\n
\nLevon Leonidas Ntilsizian, \u2018Yunan Devleti\u2019nin Az\u0131nl\u0131k Politikalar\u0131 ve Uygulamalar\u0131 \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde Yunanistan\u2019daki Ermeni Toplumunun Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l ve \u00f6ncesinden beri Yunanistan\u2019da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Ermeniler\u2019in tarihsel hak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fta vatanda\u015fl\u0131k talepleri ve e\u011fitim olmak \u00fczere kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Sunuma g\u00f6re, Ermeni okullar\u0131 18.-19.y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren a\u00e7\u0131labiliyor, ancak okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Yunan vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmal\u0131. Ntilsizian 1920\u2019lerde binlerce Ermenin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcyle \u00fclkede yeni bir durum olu\u015ftu\u011funu, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ise soya dayal\u0131 bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k politikas\u0131 benimsedi\u011fini, Ermenilerin de \u201cYunan as\u0131ll\u0131 olmayanlar\u201d s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na girdi\u011fini kaydetti. Ntilsizian 1920 sonras\u0131nda Ermenilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yerinden de edildi\u011fini ve buralara T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelenlerin yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Ermenilerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k konusunda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden\u00a0 kimi Ermeniler 1940\u2019larda Bulgaristan ve SSCB\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f. Gidenler ellerindeki vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131 da kaybetmi\u015f.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/admin.agos.com.tr\/Upload\/Agos\/Images\/berge%20az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k%20konferans%20cuma%205.jpg\")
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\n\u0130lk g\u00fcn\u00fcn son paneli \u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcn, Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme\u201d, Mehmet Polatel\u2019in oturum ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Elif Kevser \u00d6zer\u2019in, \u2018Apelasis\u2019i D\u00fcn Gibi Hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumu, gerek payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rseller gerekse yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan verdi\u011fi \u00f6rneklerle konferans\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndand\u0131. 1964\u2019te Yunanistan\u2019a \u201820 kilo, 20 dolar\u2019la gidi\u015fleri, geride b\u0131rak\u0131lanlar\u0131, isminin listelerde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takip etmenin gerilimini, bilinmeyene gitmenin t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurucu bi\u00e7imde anlatt\u0131 \u00d6zer. \u0130yi e\u011fitimleri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, uzamamas\u0131 gereken misafirlikler nedeniyle, buldu\u011fu ilk i\u015fe girenler oldu\u011fu gibi, say\u0131lar\u0131 az da olsa \u00e7abuk ve iyi i\u015f bulabilenlerden de s\u00f6z etti. \u2018O Politis\u2019 gazetesine verilen ilanlar,\u00a0 iki g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7ay ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir \u015feker ma\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 ayakkab\u0131s\u0131na saklayarak g\u00f6t\u00fcren bir anlat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, izleyicileri derinden sarst\u0131.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/admin.agos.com.tr\/Upload\/Agos\/Images\/berge%20az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k%20konferans%20cumartesi%201.jpg\")
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\nSamim Akg\u00f6n\u00fcl moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131kta Kalan Toplumlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panel, P\u0131nar Sayan ve Elmas K\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Roman Politikalar\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak\u2019 ortak sunumuyla ba\u015flad\u0131. Sayan ve K\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn, Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 milyon, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 milyon Roman\u2019\u0131n 2.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ba\u015flayan hak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, sosyo-ekonomik sorunlara, az\u0131nl\u0131k kabul edilmemelerine, lin\u00e7 giri\u015fimlerine, Roman mahallelerinde kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme, alt yap\u0131, e\u011fitim sorunlar\u0131na de\u011findiler.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/admin.agos.com.tr\/Upload\/Agos\/Images\/berge%20az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k%20cumartesi%203.jpg\")
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