{"id":76826,"date":"2023-11-13T02:26:12","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T07:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826"},"modified":"2023-11-13T02:26:12","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T07:26:12","slug":"ankara-hukumeti-ittihat-ve-terakki-iktidarinin-bir-devamiydi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826","title":{"rendered":"\u201cAnkara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131yd\u0131\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/div>\n
Yetvart Danzikyan<\/a><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’nin yak\u0131n tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bildi\u011fimiz Taner Ak\u00e7am’\u0131n “Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Apartheid\/1918-1923 T\u00fcrkiyesi: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve Apartheid Rejiminin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ak\u00e7am ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak “Apartheid” olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Cumhuriyet rejiminin az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili politikalar\u0131na yak\u0131ndan bakt\u0131k. Pek \u00e7ok konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6yle\u015fimizin ikinci ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131nl\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
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Kitab\u0131n\u0131zda 1921 Tekalif-i Milliye kanununa \u00f6zel bir yer veriyorsunuz. Sizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu kanunun \u00f6nemi nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tekalif-i Milliye Kanunu (veya emirleri), \u2018Apartheid\u2019 rejiminin olu\u015fumunu sembolize eder. S\u00f6z konusu olan, 7-8 A\u011fustos 1921\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan 10 emirdir. Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmek i\u00e7in, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fcyle halktan zorunlu mal ve para toplan\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n bin bir zorlukla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse bu emirler anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca, toplanan mal ve paralar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n verilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc verilmi\u015f ve al\u0131nan mal ve paralar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak makbuz verilmi\u015ftir. Fakat i\u015fin rengi makbuzlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denmeye ba\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131 zaman belli olur. 1923 ve 1924 y\u0131llar\u0131nda al\u0131nan kararlarla, H\u0131ristiyanlardan toplanan mal ve paralar\u0131n geri verilmemesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ve bu miktar zaten t\u00fcm Tekalif-i Milliye\u2019nin %75\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyordu. Devlet, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman vatanda\u015flara mal ve paralar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 veriyor ama H\u0131ristiyan vatanda\u015flar\u0131nkini vermiyor. Uygulama \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k: H\u0131ristiyanlar e\u015fit vatanda\u015f say\u0131lm\u0131yor, en temel vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor, devlet taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131ktan soyuluyor. Bu karar\u0131 alan modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurucu sembol\u00fc meclis. \u2018Y\u00fcz Y\u0131ll\u0131k Apartheid\u2019 kitab\u0131mda, d\u00f6nemin meclis gizli oturum tutanaklar\u0131nda bu soygunun nas\u0131l \u201ckitab\u0131na uydurularak\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, oturum tutanaklar\u0131ndan okuyabilirsiniz. Burada da \u201csinsi ve kurnaz\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131m \u2018Apartheid\u2019 sisteminin basit bir uygulamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Meclis\u2019te H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n vatanda\u015f say\u0131lmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ba\u015fka tedbirler de al\u0131nd\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elbette al\u0131nda ama \u00f6rneklere ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce herkesin bilmesi gereken en temel ger\u00e7ek \u015fu: Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131d\u0131r. Ve \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin 1913\u2019ten itibaren y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu\u011fu, H\u0131ristiyans\u0131z bir toplum yaratma projesini ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden hayata ge\u00e7irmeye devam etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ankara Meclisi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlere H\u0131ristiyanlar dahil edilmediler. H\u0131ristiyan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n elinden se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131 zorla al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra Meclis\u2019in ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, 1915 Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 su\u00e7u ile yarg\u0131lanmakta olanlar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gelir. Karar 8 May\u0131s 1920\u2019de al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n ikinci haftas\u0131nda al\u0131nan karar\u0131n sembolik de\u011feri ortadad\u0131r. Bunu 11 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de, \u201ctehcir davalar\u0131na\u201d bakan mahkemelerin la\u011fvedilmesi takip eder.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Ankara Meclisi, Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleri temizlemekle me\u015fguld\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan bir tanesi de Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in hapishanelerden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa birliklerine kat\u0131lan katillerin affedilmesidir. 22 Ocak 1921\u2019de Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi bir teklifle bu katiller affedilecektir. H\u0131ristiyanlara y\u00f6nelik cinayetlerin affedilmesi bir tek soyk\u0131r\u0131m y\u0131llar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 31 Ekim 1923\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka kanunla, 1918 Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nden sonra Kuvay\u0131 Milliye kuvvetlerinin i\u015fledi\u011fi t\u00fcm cinayetler affedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 getirilen uygulamalar bir tek katliamlara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131n affedilmeleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayacakt\u0131r. Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin, Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalama siyasetine de devam edecektir. Bu konuda ilk ad\u0131m 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de at\u0131l\u0131r ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 26 Eyl\u00fcl 1915 kanunu yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokulur. Aradan zaman ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in yeni baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler yapmak gerekecektir. 15 Nisan 1923\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan bir kanunla, 1918-1923 aras\u0131nda el konulmu\u015f veya konulacak mallar da kanuna dahil edilir. Yani \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 sisteme geri d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Meclis\u2019in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlardan bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 da H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u015firketlerdeki i\u015flerine son vermektir. May\u0131s ve Haziran 1923 tarihlerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Ankara\u2019ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlerden, H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudi vatanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u015ften atmalar\u0131 ve yerine T\u00fcrkleri i\u015fe almalar\u0131 istendi. H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudilerin, sadece devlet memurluklar\u0131nda de\u011fil, baz\u0131 mesleklerde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir dizi kanun yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kanunlarla Apartheid per\u00e7inlendi.<\/p>\n

Burada sadece baz\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini sayal\u0131m: 10 Mart 1924 Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 \u0130mtiyaz S\u00fcresini uzatan kanun; 2 Nisan 1924 Avukatl\u0131k Kanunu; 3 Mart 1926 ve 4 Temmuz 1936 Hakimler Kanunu; 18 Mart 1926 Memurin Kanunu; 24 Ocak 1927 Eczaneler ve Eczac\u0131lar Hakk\u0131nda Kanun; 28 May\u0131s 1927 Te\u015fvik-i Sanayi Kanunu; 25 Haziran 1927 Sigortac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve Sigorta \u015eirketlerinin Tefti\u015f ve Murakabesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun; 14 Nisan 1928 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 [Hekimlik ve dallar\u0131] San\u2019atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz-\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun; 11 Haziran 1932 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131na Tahsis Edilen Sanat ve Hizmetler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2026<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, kurulu\u015f ile birlikte Hristiyan ve Yahudileri e\u015fit vatanda\u015f saymayan, onlara baz\u0131 meslekleri yasaklayan bir Apartheid sistemi yava\u015f yava\u015f in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n

1923’lerde Lozan anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Ermenilerin geri gelmesi s\u00f6z konusu oluyor. Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00fclkeye sokulmuyor. O d\u00f6nemde nas\u0131l vakalar ya\u015fand\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tekrar etmek gerekir. Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin Hristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Bu politikan\u0131n d\u00f6rt \u00f6nemli sac aya\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Birincisi, tehcir veya ba\u015fka nedenlerle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olanlar \u00fclkeye sokulmayacak; ikincisi, i\u00e7erde kalanlar \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde kovularak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lacaklar; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde i\u00e7erde kalacak olanlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ya\u015famalar\u0131na m\u00fcsaade edilmeyecek ve belli merkezlerde toplanacaklar ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc Hristiyan ve Yahudiler temel vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lacaklar. Aynen de \u00f6yle yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 30 ve 36 aras\u0131 maddeleri vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hukukunu d\u00fczenler. Buna g\u00f6re, Osmanl\u0131 devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan yeni devletlerde, kim hangi \u00fclkede kalm\u0131\u015fsa oran\u0131n vatanda\u015f\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Ama \u00f6nceden ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere geri d\u00f6nmek isteyenlerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131 iki y\u0131l boyunca sakl\u0131 tutulacakt\u0131. \u0130steyen bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde geri d\u00f6nebilecek, mallar\u0131n\u0131 geri alabilecekti. Ayr\u0131ca geri d\u00f6nmeyenlerin mallar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131 da devam edecekti. Lozan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin belli olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine 1923 ve 1924\u2019te geri d\u00f6nen Ermeniler oldu. A\u011fustos 1923\u2019te ABD\u2019den gemi ile gelenler \u00fclkelerine sokulmad\u0131lar. 1924\u2019te ise r\u00fc\u015fvet vererek \u00fclkeye girmeyi ba\u015faranlar oldu. Haberin duyulmas\u0131, r\u00fc\u015fvet de s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck krize yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bas\u0131n konunun \u00fcst\u00fcne gitti ve konu bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bir bakan istifa etti ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fcst d\u00fczey memur g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131. Oysa Ermenilerin \u00fclkeye girmesinde kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durum yoktu. Fakat h\u00fck\u00fcmet hi\u00e7bir H\u0131ristiyan\u2019\u0131n geri d\u00f6nmesini istemiyordu. Bunun i\u00e7in 2 Temmuz 1924\u2019te Seyr\u00fcsefer Talimatnamesi d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n

\"Taner<\/div>\n
Taner Ak\u00e7am<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Talimatname, Apartheid sisteminin \u00f6nemli bir k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Vatanda\u015flar iki gruba ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u201cT\u00fcrk tebaas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d ve Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudi vatanda\u015flar. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, hangi nedenlerle \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olurlarsa olsunlar geri d\u00f6nebileceklerdi. Fakat Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri yasakland\u0131. Sadece Ankara Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden pasaport alarak izinle \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olanlar varsa geri d\u00f6nebileceklerdi. D\u00f6nmeleri istenmeyenler kanunda, \u201c\u201cavdetleri arzu edilmeyen muhtelif an\u00e2s\u0131ra mensup e\u015fh\u00e2s\u201d olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Yeni \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan ba\u015fka kanunlarla ise, T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131na mensup yabanc\u0131 uyruklular \u201c\u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli sermaye\u201d olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131lar ve \u00fclkeye girmeleri te\u015fvik edildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlatan 1931 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir belge bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Birinci \u015eube, \u201cBirinci \u015eube K\u0131sm-\u0131 Siyasi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eube d\u00f6rt k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci k\u0131sm\u0131n g\u00f6revi \u015fudur: \u201cT\u00fcrk tebaas\u0131ndan veya ecnebi tebaas\u0131ndan olan Grigoryan, Protestan; Katolik vesair her mezhepten olan Ermenilerle T\u00fcrk ve Ecnebi Rumlar\u0131n ve Musevilerin faaliyeti siyasiyelerinin tespit ve cemaat i\u015flerinin takibi ve bilc\u00fcmle gayr\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmlerin m\u00fcessesat\u0131 diniye ve milliyelerinin tespit ve takibi ve gayr\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcm firarilerin memlekete avdet edip etmedilerinin takibi ile me\u015fguld\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu belgenin dili \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 politikalar\u0131 devam ettirerek H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 i\u00e7eri sokmamak, i\u00e7erdekini kovmak, kovamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015f olarak ya\u015fatmak i\u00e7in Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcnyesinde bir birim kurulmu\u015ftur. Apartheid rejiminin bundan daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olabilir mi?<\/p>\n

1923 sonras\u0131nda Ermenilerin daha do\u011frusu gayrim\u00fcslimlerin \u00fclke i\u00e7inde seyahat etmeleri de bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasakt\u0131. Burada nas\u0131l bir mant\u0131k g\u00fcd\u00fcl\u00fcyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seyahat yasaklar\u0131, soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemindeki seyahat yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birisi de \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudilerin ekonomik hayatlar\u0131na darbe vurmakt\u0131. Ba\u015fta t\u00fcccarlar olmak \u00fczere i\u015f adamlar\u0131 bu yasak nedeniyle Anadolu ile ticaret yapamaz ve ekonomik faaliyet s\u00fcrd\u00fcremez hale sokuldular. Ama bu yasak nedeniyle, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130stanbul\u2019da oturanlar kendi yazl\u0131k evlerine gidemez oldular. Yasaklar \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar devam etti. Bu da Apartheid rejiminin a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesi idi.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019larda Ermenilerin kasaba ve k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015famas\u0131na izin vermeme e\u011filimi do\u011fuyor.\u00a0 \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki bu t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye te\u015fmil edilmiyor ama baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki Ermeniler s\u00fcr\u00fclmekten kurtulam\u0131yor san\u0131r\u0131m.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygulama t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye te\u015fmil edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle k\u0131rsal alanlarda yo\u011funla\u015fma ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi say\u0131ld\u0131. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Dersim k\u0131rsal\u0131nda \u00f6zel askeri arama tarama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve bulunan Ermeniler hakk\u0131nda raporlar yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Sason operasyonlar\u0131nda yakalananlar zorla Suriye\u2019ye s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler, Ermenileri s\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in Askeri Yasak B\u00f6lge ilan edildi. Askeri B\u00f6lge ilan edilen b\u00f6lgelerde, ilgili kanuna g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ikamet etmesi yasakt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan Ermeniler \u201cyabanc\u0131\u201d ilan edilerek bu b\u00f6lgelerden zorla \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Az say\u0131da kalanlara dokunmad\u0131lar ama her y\u0131l valilerden b\u00f6lgelerinde Ermenilerin say\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi istendi. Bu Ermenilerin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cyerli\u201d, ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n oraya sonradan gelme oldu\u011fu sorulan sorular aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Valilerden rapor almak yeterli bulunmad\u0131. Her y\u0131l b\u00f6lgelere d\u00fczenli m\u00fcfetti\u015f g\u00f6nderilerek Ermeni n\u00fcfusundaki de\u011fi\u015fimler ve Ermenilerin ekonomik durumlar\u0131 rapor edildi. Mal, m\u00fclk, \u015firket gibi ekonomik varl\u0131klar\u0131 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Kitab\u0131mda bu t\u00fcr m\u00fcfetti\u015flik raporlar\u0131ndan \u00f6rnekler var. Cevap verilmesi gereken soru \u015fu:\u00a0 Say\u0131lar\u0131 neredeyse yokluk d\u00fczeyine indirilmi\u015f Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan bu uygulamalar\u0131 nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z? \u00dclke g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir tehdit olu\u015fturmayan bu insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan uygulamalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak kabul edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00f6yle bir \u015fey sorsam:\u00a0 Agop Martayan her ne kadar soyad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek (Dila\u00e7ar) zorunda kalsa da rejimde kendisine bir yer buluyor. Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan da yine soyad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek (T\u00fcrker) milletvekili oluyor. Benzer ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekler de var. Bu \u00f6rnekler sizin tezinize ters \u00f6rnekler mi yoksa tezinizi bir \u015fekilde destekleyen \u00f6rnekler mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elbette destekleyen \u00f6rnekler. Amerika\u2019da k\u00f6lelik sisteminin en kuvvetli oldu\u011fu eyalet Virginia eyaleti idi. Ama burada k\u00f6le sahipleri aras\u0131nda siyah olanlar da vard\u0131. Siyah k\u00f6le sahibinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6leli\u011fin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi olabilir mi? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem g\u00f6stermelik olarak Ermeni, Rum veya Yahudi milletvekiline \u00f6zel izin verdiler, meclise ald\u0131lar vb. Yukarda aktard\u0131klar\u0131m bu \u00fclkede bir Apartheid rejiminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olarak g\u00f6stermeye yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

\"Agop<\/div>\n
Agop Martayan’\u0131n d\u00f6nemin bas\u0131n\u0131nda yer alan bir beyanat\u0131<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

\u00d6zetle, modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lan yeni Meclis\u2019in Nisan 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan bir dizi a\u00e7\u0131k veya gizli kanun ve kararnamelerle bu \u00fclkede a\u00e7\u0131k bir Apartheid rejimi kuruldu. Bu kanun ve kararnamelerin \u00e7o\u011fu bug\u00fcn bile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcktedir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmad\u0131klar\u0131 durumlarda ise bunlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hesapla\u015fma ya\u015fanmad\u0131. Bu kanunlar\u0131n ruhu-varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurumsal olarak etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu r\u00f6portajda sadece kast sisteminin en alt\u0131nda yer alan Ermeniler \u00f6zelinden hareketle olu\u015fturulan Apartheid rejimini ele ald\u0131k. K\u00fcrtlere ve Alevilere hi\u00e7 de\u011finmedik bile\u2026 \u0130\u015fin \u00f6zeti \u015fudur: Cumhuriyet\u2019in y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkede bir Apartheid rejimi oldu\u011fu hala bilince \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f de\u011fil, bunun \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birisi, bu rejimin son derece \u201csinsi ve kurnazca\u201d kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u201csinsi ve kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d arkas\u0131nda yatan ise zay\u0131fl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan bir korkudur. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019ten \u0130ttiaht\u00e7\u0131lara ve oradan da Ankara rejimine ge\u00e7en ilgin\u00e7 bir gelenek var: rejimler zay\u0131f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlar ve H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet \u00f6nlemleri ald\u0131klar\u0131nda bunun d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahele ihtimali yaratmas\u0131ndan korkuyorlar. Bu nedenle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fiddet g\u00f6sterilerini \u201csinsi ve kurnaz\u201d metotlarla \u00f6rtmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu \u00fclkedeki, Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019ten bu yana devam eden bu korkakl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan \u201csinsi ve kurnaz\u201d Apartheid rejimi fark edilmedik\u00e7e demokrasi ve insan haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hi\u00e7bir sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyecektir. Ac\u0131 ger\u00e7ek budur.<\/p>\n

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(S\u00f6yle\u015finin birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in:\u00a0“Devletin t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131 birinci grup T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ld\u0131”<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/29431\/ankara-hukumeti-ittihat-ve-terakki-iktidarinin-bir-devamiydi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yetvart Danzikyan T\u00fcrkiye’nin yak\u0131n tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bildi\u011fimiz Taner Ak\u00e7am’\u0131n “Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Apartheid\/1918-1923 T\u00fcrkiyesi: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve Apartheid Rejiminin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ak\u00e7am ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak “Apartheid” olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Cumhuriyet rejiminin az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili politikalar\u0131na yak\u0131ndan bakt\u0131k. Pek \u00e7ok konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6yle\u015fimizin ikinci ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":76828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,9,54,71,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-haklarimiz","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cAnkara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131yd\u0131\u201d - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cAnkara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131yd\u0131\u201d - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yetvart Danzikyan T\u00fcrkiye’nin yak\u0131n tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bildi\u011fimiz Taner Ak\u00e7am’\u0131n “Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Apartheid\/1918-1923 T\u00fcrkiyesi: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve Apartheid Rejiminin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u201cAnkara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131yd\u0131\u201d - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Yetvart Danzikyan T\u00fcrkiye’nin yak\u0131n tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bildi\u011fimiz Taner Ak\u00e7am’\u0131n “Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Apartheid\/1918-1923 T\u00fcrkiyesi: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve Apartheid Rejiminin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ak\u00e7am ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak “Apartheid” olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Cumhuriyet rejiminin az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili politikalar\u0131na yak\u0131ndan bakt\u0131k. Pek \u00e7ok konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6yle\u015fimizin ikinci ve […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2023-11-13T07:26:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":650,"height":452,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/11\/Ankara-hukumeti-Ittihat-ve-Terakki-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"\u201cAnkara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131yd\u0131\u201d","datePublished":"2023-11-13T07:26:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826"},"wordCount":2445,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/11\/Ankara-hukumeti-Ittihat-ve-Terakki-1.jpg","articleSection":["Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131","Haberler","Haklar\u0131m\u0131z","Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler","M\u00fclakatlar","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76826","name":"\u201cAnkara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131yd\u0131\u201d - 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