{"id":76134,"date":"2023-09-28T02:00:59","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T07:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76134"},"modified":"2023-09-28T02:00:59","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T07:00:59","slug":"cumhuriyetin-dersimi-dersimin-cumhuriyeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76134","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyetin Dersim\u2019i, Dersim\u2019in Cumhuriyeti"},"content":{"rendered":"
1950\u2019den bug\u00fcne Tunceli ili kadim Dersim\u2019den, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tuncelililik de kadim Dersimlilikten kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da h\u00e2l\u00e2 cumhurun muz\u0131r par\u00e7as\u0131, h\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fczmin muhalif imaj\u0131yla g\u00fcndem olabiliyor ora ve oral\u0131lar.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/header>\n
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\"Cumhuriyetin<\/picture><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
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B\u00fclent Bilmez*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi periferi \u00fclkelerde ulus-devletin ulusu \u00f6nceledi\u011fi, yani muhayyel bir ulus\u00a0ad\u0131na<\/em>\u00a0elitler\u00a0<\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan kurulan modern devletlerin kendi uluslar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etti\u011fi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sosyal ve be\u015feri bilimlerde iyi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ekliktir.** \u00c7o\u011fu zaman ulus-in\u015fa s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ulus-devlet kurulu\u015fundan \u00f6nceye gider ve devletin ulusunu in\u015fas\u0131 bu s\u00fcrecin devam\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak nihayetinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn (ulus), ulus-devlet \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde\u00a0in\u015fac\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar<\/strong>\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ulus olmaz. Ulus-devletin kurulu\u015fu ve y\u00f6netimi s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0ulus\u00e7uluk, art\u0131k ulus\u00e7ulara b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak kadar ciddi bir i\u015ftir!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tahayy\u00fcl, plan ve in\u015fa ba\u011flam\u0131nda, cumhuriyet ile cumhur aras\u0131nda benzer bir ili\u015fkiden s\u00f6z edilebilir mi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, ama genelde ihmal edilen bir ba\u015fka konuda benzerlik olduk\u00e7a a\u015fikard\u0131r: En iyi \u00f6rneklerinden birini olu\u015fturan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gibi\u00a0\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya cumhuriyetleri, cumhur taraf\u0131ndan kurulmaz<\/strong>; tersine, elitler\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan<\/em>\u00a0cumhur\u00a0ad\u0131na<\/em>\u00a0kurulan\u00a0cumhuriyet,\u00a0kendi<\/em>\u00a0cumhurunu kurar!<\/strong>\u00a0Hatta bunu k\u0131smen cumhura ra\u011fmen yapar. Nitekim,\u00a0cumhuriyet, cumhura b\u0131rak\u0131lamayacak, ciddi i\u015flerdendir!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biraz tarih bilenlerin ve fanatizmle g\u00f6zleri k\u00f6relmemi\u015flerin hemen g\u00f6rece\u011fi bu genel ger\u00e7eklikten yola \u00e7\u0131karak T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin halktan ne kadar kopuk kuruldu\u011fu hikayesi de yaz\u0131labilir, \u2018modern devletin zaten bundan ibaret oldu\u011fu\u2019 arg\u00fcman\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu durum normalle\u015ftirilebilir de\u2026\u00a0Halk\u0131n iyili\u011fini halktan iyi bilme<\/strong>\u00a0anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla izlenen radikal yol ve yordamdan dolay\u0131\u00a0jakobenizm ele\u015ftirisi<\/strong>\u00a0de yap\u0131labilir, bunun\u00a0devrimlerin ve devrimcili\u011finin gere\u011fi<\/strong>\u00a0oldu\u011fu savunusu da\u2026<\/p>\n

Tart\u0131\u015fmak isteyen vars\u0131n bunlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, gelin ben size bu genel \u00e7er\u00e7evede,\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile Dersim Alevileri aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k a\u015fk-nefret ili\u015fkisini<\/strong>\u00a0anlatay\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin t\u00fcm cumhura farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, (\u00e7o\u011fu zaman bo\u011fucu)\u00a0a\u015fk<\/strong>\u00a0ile (farkl\u0131 \u2018\u015fiddet\u2019 ve derecelerde)\u00a0nefret ve husumet<\/strong>\u00a0hikayesi i\u00e7indeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, ama \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan, ayr\u0131ks\u0131 bir par\u00e7adan s\u00f6z ediyoruz Dersim deyince\u2026<\/p>\n

Elbette hikayemizin, bir \u00f6n-hikayesi (\u00f6n-tarihi) var, ama ne kadar geriye gitsek yeterli olmayacak bu s\u00fcreci bir gazete yaz\u0131s\u0131nda ele almak imkans\u0131z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bunu bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sa yazmay\u0131 beceremeyen bir hikayeci\/tarih\u00e7i olarak, asl\u0131nda bir hikayeye\/\u00f6yk\u00fcye (akademik makale) bile s\u0131\u011fmayacak, ancak bir romana (monografi) konu olabilecek bu hikaye (mesele) hakk\u0131nda, bir gazete yaz\u0131s\u0131 vesileyle yap\u0131labilece\u011fim tek \u015fey,\u00a0genel notlar<\/strong>\u00a0d\u00fc\u015fmek olabilir\u2026<\/p>\n

H\u0130KAYEN\u0130N BA\u015eLANGICINDA HERKES AS\u0130YD\u0130<\/h2>\n

1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da kurulan\u00a0isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n gayrime\u015fru h\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/strong>\u00a0i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck dertlerden biri, bizzat isyan etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemin me\u015fru h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u0130stanbul idi. D\u00f6nemin erk me\u015fruiyetinin iki \u00f6nemli dayana\u011f\u0131 olan ve son birka\u00e7 ony\u0131lda (\u00f6zellikle Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemi politikalar\u0131 sayesinde) ilk olarak halka da mal edilmi\u015f olan semboller olarak sultan\/saltanat ve halife\/hilafet h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u0130stanbul\u2019dayd\u0131. Ankara onun ad\u0131na hareket etme s\u00f6ylemiyle var olabiliyordu ancak.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan, g\u00fcya Ankara\u2019n\u0131n varolu\u015f gerek\u00e7esi olan as\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck dert olarak, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018i\u015fgal\u2019 hareketi yan\u0131nda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama asla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek bir dert de h\u00e2l\u00e2 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015famakta olan ve\u00a0hen\u00fcz kendisinin olmayan<\/strong>\u00a0cumhura (halklara) otoritesini kabul ettirmekti.<\/p>\n

Daha hikayenin ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bu ba\u011flamda bir \u2018dert\u2019 olarak \u00e7\u0131kan Dersim ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u00f6zellikle askeri elitlerin iyi bildi\u011fi kadim bir \u2018bela\u2019d\u0131r ve yeni konjonkt\u00fcrde belan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi s\u00f6z konusudur: Askeri b\u00fcrokrasinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, sivil b\u00fcrokrasiyle ittifak i\u00e7inde ve yerel elitlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayal\u0131 Ankara\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan alternatif g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi, kendi asi stat\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ederken, bir yandan da sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018uygun\u2019 ortamdan yararlanmak isteyen di\u011fer t\u00fcm alternatif akt\u00f6rleri, yani (yerel ve \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda) olas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezlerini tasfiye etme s\u00fcrecine,\u00a0Dersim co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal par\u00e7as\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>olan\u00a0Ko\u00e7giri<\/strong>\u00a0ile ba\u015flad\u0131. Kurulan yeni devletin ve onun hizmetindeki t\u00fcm resmi ve sivil akt\u00f6rlerin \u2018isyan\u2019 olarak anaca\u011f\u0131\u00a01921 Ko\u00e7giri harekat\u0131<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan devral\u0131nan \u2018Dersim sorununu\u2019 ortadan kald\u0131rmak ya da d\u00f6nemin kimi akt\u00f6rlerinin deyi\u015fiyle \u2018Dersim \u00e7\u0131ban\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131 \u2018ameliyat<\/strong>\u2019 etmek \u00fczere at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,\u00a0Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0idi. Ad\u0131m\u0131 atan ordu ve harek\u00e2t\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki askeri ve paramiliter akt\u00f6rler Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan hen\u00fcz kopmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu harek\u00e2t ayn\u0131 zamanda\u00a0Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son Dersim operasyonu<\/strong>\u00a0(ameliyat\u0131) olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir\u2026<\/p>\n

Hen\u00fcz cumhuriyetin ilan edilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 sayesinde midir bilinmez, o s\u0131rada Ankara\u2019da toplanm\u0131\u015f olan\u00a0millet\/halk meclisi<\/strong>\u00a0bu harek\u00e2t\u0131n ruhunu ve kendisini olmasa da Nurettin Pa\u015fa gibi askeri ve Topal Osman gibi paramiliter liderlerini, uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fiddet ve ter\u00f6r nedeniyle mahkum etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Nisan 1923\u2019te bu meclisin tasfiyesinden sonra, Haziran se\u00e7imleriyle kurulan -Mustafa Kemal\u2019in deyi\u015fiyle- \u201ck\u0131z gibi\u201d mecliste, \u00f6nce tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 onayland\u0131, sonra da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir anayasa revizyonuyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen b\u00fcy\u00fck cumhuriyet ilan\u0131 geldi. Bundan sonra Cumhuriyet,\u00a01935 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar\u00a0<\/strong>k\u0131smi ne\u015fter m\u00fcdahaleleri ve merhem niyetine ge\u00e7ici \u00f6nlemler (yol-k\u00f6pr\u00fc, mektep, k\u0131\u015fla-karakol) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan\u00a0\u00e7\u0131ban<\/strong>\u00a0olarak Dersimi, daha ba\u015f\u0131ndan,\u00a0olmaz olas\u0131 belal\u0131 cumhur\u00a0<\/strong>olarak kodlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin do\u011fal par\u00e7as\u0131 olan merkezile\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6neminde, \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lara imza atan Osmanl\u0131 devleti, ayn\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 Dersim\u2019de elde edememi\u015f, derinlemesine n\u00fcfuz konusunda istedi\u011fi noktaya gelememi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

1925-35 aras\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0K\u00fcrdistan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm \u00fclkede olduk\u00e7a \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 bir hikaye yazm\u0131\u015f olan yeni rejim i\u00e7in, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc\u00a0mutile\u015ftirilemeyen<\/strong>\u00a0bir co\u011frafya olarak, Cumhuriyet rejiminin \u00fcvey cumhuru olan Alevilerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dersim, her biri devletin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde ne id\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirsiz K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck, Zazaca dili, derebeylik ve vah\u015fi da\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k gibi nedenlerle medenile\u015fmeye, yani \u2018devletin cumhuru\u2019 ve \u2018muti\u2019 yurtta\u015f\u0131 olmaya direnmekte kararl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0\u0130slamc\u0131 fanatizmin \u2018K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0ile\u00a0pozitivist fanatizmin \u2018K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f anlamamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e7izgisinde Dersim,\u00a0kavranmas\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0bir yana ma\u015fayla tutulmas\u0131 bile zor bir kor olarak, ancak k\u00fcle \u00e7evrilerek ili\u015fki kurulabilir bir olguydu.<\/p>\n

DERS\u0130M-KIRIM: YA MUT\u0130 OLACAKSIN YA DA \u00d6L\u00dc!<\/h3>\n

1935 sonunda \u00e7ok \u00f6zel\u00a0Vilayet Kanunu<\/strong>, Dersim\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0Munzur<\/strong>\u00a0olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi teklifiyle meclise getirildi\u011finde, as\u0131l niyetin 1936 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda kurulacak s\u00f6m\u00fcrge valili\u011fi niteli\u011findeki\u00a0D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik<\/strong>\u00a0arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Dersim denen memleketi yak\u0131p k\u00fcle \u00e7evirmek, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015ftirmek oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Meclis komisyonlar\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u00fcrecinde gizemli bir \u015fekilde ad\u0131 \u00f6nce\u00a0Tun\u00e7 Eli<\/strong>, sonra\u00a0Tun\u00e7eli<\/strong>\u00a0ve en son\u00a0Tunceli<\/strong>\u00a0olan yeni vilayette, iki y\u0131l boyunca daha \u00f6nce mutile\u015ftirilmi\u015flerin de arada yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 operasyonlar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc; 1937\u2019de \u0130\u00e7-Dersim\u2019de ve 1938\u2019de neredeyse t\u00fcm Dersim\u2019de mutilerin de arada kaynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (!) koca bir kazan kuruldu.<\/p>\n

1935-47 aras\u0131nda<\/strong>\u00a0ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen plan do\u011frultusunda, Dersim \u00e7\u0131ban\u0131n\u0131 sadece ne\u015fterle kaz\u0131mak de\u011fil, \u00e7\u0131banl\u0131 uzuvlar\u0131 ve gerekirse v\u00fccudun tamam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeyi g\u00f6ze alarak devlet -Akif\u2019in \u201ctek di\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015f canavar misali\u201d- \u00a0elinde baltayla Dersim da\u011flar\u0131na dald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Niyet, bu sefer sorunu\u00a0k\u00f6k\u00fcnden<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e7\u00f6zmekti.<\/p>\n

1921\u2019de milletin bir kesimine kar\u015f\u0131 ter\u00f6r estiren komutan\u0131n\u0131 mahkum etme erdemine sahip milletin Meclisi 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda tasfiye edildikten sonra, onun yerine ge\u00e7en Cumhuriyetin Meclisi, 1938\u2019de cumhurun bir kesimine kar\u015f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fczeyinde ter\u00f6r estirmek \u00fczere\u00a0Abdullah Alpdo\u011fan<\/strong>\u00a0pa\u015fay\u0131, devletin\u00a0tun\u00e7 eli<\/strong>\u00a0olarak 1936 ba\u015f\u0131nda Tunceli\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki y\u0131lda k\u0131smen kan deryas\u0131na, k\u0131smen \u00e7\u00f6le \u00e7evirdi\u011fi co\u011frafyan\u0131n fethini nihayet \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 bir \u015fekilde tamamlayan\u00a0modern<\/strong>\u00a0fatih<\/strong>\u00a0olarak Alpdo\u011fan Pa\u015fa, devletin b\u00fcy\u00fck takdirine mazhar olacak ve m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. S\u00fcng\u00fcn\u00fcn, mitraly\u00f6z\u00fcn ve namlunun ucunda Dersim\u2019e ac\u0131mas\u0131zca ve h\u0131zl\u0131ca giren \u2018medeniyet\u2019i, c\u00f6mert bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6kten bomba olarak ya\u011fd\u0131ran\u00a0Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en<\/strong>\u00a0de bu hizmetinden dolay\u0131 madalyalardan pay\u0131n\u0131 alacakt\u0131, ama Tunceli\u2019nin merkez mahallesine ismini verme onuru Alpdo\u011fan\u2019a ait olacakt\u0131. Alpdo\u011fan mahallesi h\u00e2l\u00e2 duruyor mu bilmiyorum, ama Pa\u015fan\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinin h\u00e2l\u00e2 Tunceli\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnden kalkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret i\u00e7in gidenler bile hemen g\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n

1937 ve 1938 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015fananlar\u0131n bir katliam oldu\u011fu, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda bizzat bu \u00fclkenin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi;\u00a0 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n on \u00fc\u00e7 binden fazla oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren resmi belgeler payla\u015f\u0131larak\u2026 B\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131nda bu say\u0131n\u0131n on binlerle ifade edildi\u011fi de bilinerek\u2026<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 vakalarda neredeyse seremonyal bir \u015fekilde toplanarak katledilenlerin, yak\u0131lan k\u00f6ylerin,\u00a0 \u00f6l\u00fcmden veya s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kabullenerek da\u011flara ve ma\u011faralara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan kalabal\u0131k sivillerin, hayvani muamele ve bal\u0131k istifi ta\u015f\u0131ma yoluyla Anadolu\u2019nun de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerine sa\u00e7\u0131lan ve gittikleri yerlerde yeni travmalar ya\u015fayan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin tam listesi bilinmiyor\u2026 Devletin ar\u015fivleri kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve Dersimliler h\u00e2l\u00e2 travmay\u0131 atlatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu envanteri tutan bile yok. On y\u0131llard\u0131r bu katliamlar\u0131n \u00e7etelesini tutan sevgili Cemal Ta\u015f\u2019la b\u00f6yle bir sistematik envanter i\u00e7in son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz, mevcut ko\u015fullarda \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa bitecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor\u2026<\/p>\n

1948 tarihli \u201cBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Su\u00e7unun Engellenmesi ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201dnde verilecek soyk\u0131r\u0131m tan\u0131m\u0131na neredeyse tamamen uyan bu devlet operasyonlar\u0131, devlete itaat etmeyen t\u00fcm\u00a0Dersimlileri<\/strong>\u00a0asi ilan ederek \u015fiddet yoluyla boyun e\u011fdirme ve gerekirse yok etme yolunu se\u00e7erken, asl\u0131nda 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ad\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak bizzat Dersim\u2019i yok etme veya haritadan silme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Taamm\u00fcden ve planlayarak i\u015flenen cinayetin kurban\u0131 bizzat Dersim oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ya\u015fanan k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131,\u00a0Dersim-k\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong>\u00a0olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

DERS\u0130M\u2019DEN BAKILDI\u011eINDA<\/h4>\n

\u0130syan\/ayaklanma olmasa da onu yaratmay\u0131\/uydurmay\u0131 ve sonra bast\u0131rmay\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilen, daha sonra oturup bunlar\u0131 bir g\u00fczel listeleyerek tarihini yazan devletin, yani\u00a01920’lerden 1940’lara<\/strong>\u00a0kadar cumhurla\u015ft\u0131rma ile mutile\u015ftirmeyi bir tutan cumhuriyetin,\u00a0\u015fiddetli\u00a0<\/strong>a\u015fk\u0131na maruz kalan T\u00fcrkiyeliler aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkle\u015f(tiril)meye ve S\u00fcnnile\u015f(tiril)meye (daha do\u011frusu devletin T\u00fcrk\u00fc ve devletin S\u00fcnnisi olmaya) ve ayn\u0131 anlama gelmek \u00fczere mutile\u015fmeye en \u00e7ok direnen kesim olarak Dersimliler i\u00e7in, asl\u0131nda Cumhuriyet o tarihe kadar pek ortal\u0131kta yoktu zaten. Ba\u015fkentin \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Ankara\u2019ya kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilenler olabilir, ama b\u00f6lgeye bug\u00fcn gelen pa\u015falar\u0131n, eskiden beri \u2018sel seferleri\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevsimlik silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrme hareketi i\u00e7in gelen pa\u015falarla ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu herkes \u00e7ok iyi biliyordu. Nas\u0131l bilmesin: \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Ankara\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde b\u00f6lgede ter\u00f6r estiren Osmanl\u0131 pa\u015fas\u0131\u00a0(Sakall\u0131) Nurettin Pa\u015fa<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Ko\u00e7giri operasyonuna kat\u0131lan damad\u0131\u00a0Abdullah Alpdo\u011fan<\/strong>\u00a0\u015fimdi komutan, vali ve (nihai yarg\u0131 makam\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcne de sahip) D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015f olarak 1937-38 operasyonun ba\u015f\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeye geldi\u011finde, ya\u015fanan katliamlar, k\u00f6y yakmalar, yarg\u0131s\u0131z infazlar ve yarg\u0131 demeye bin \u015fahit ister mahkeme s\u00fcreci sonunda \u00f6nde gelenlere s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler, hapisler ve idamlar, pek bir Osmanl\u0131\u2019yd\u0131!<\/p>\n

Sel seferlerini mevsimlik olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p kal\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Alpdo\u011fan Pa\u015fa sayesinde devlet, nihayet 1940’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren Dersim\u2019in cenazesini kald\u0131rma haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n

CUMHUR\u0130YET\u2019\u0130N DERS\u0130M CESED\u0130 VE KURTULAMADI\u011eI HAYALET\u0130<\/h5>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k tarihe sahip Cumhuriyet tarihi, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u015feyin yan\u0131nda kurulu\u015ftan \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan ki\u015fisel ve toplu cinayetler tarihidir\u2026 Jakoben modernist bir ulus devlet olarak arkas\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 cesetlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilmek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihi yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f ve yaz\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak Dersim\u2019de i\u015flenen cinayet, ad\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l koyarsan\u0131z koyun, bir co\u011frafyay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme giri\u015fimidir; insanlar\u0131yla, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle, diliyle, inanc\u0131yla ve bug\u00fcn ayn\u0131 zamanda do\u011fas\u0131yla\u2026<\/p>\n

Kal\u0131c\u0131 sel, Dersim\u2019i kan g\u00f6l\u00fc alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131p, o g\u00f6l\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda kalan adaya Tunceli ad\u0131 vererek, bu hik\u00e2yeye bir son verdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, ama 1990’lara geldi\u011finde bununla yetinmeyerek fiziki olarak co\u011frafyay\u0131 suyun alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131p yok etme giri\u015fimi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek baraj projeleriyle nihayet bu hayalini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye giri\u015fti\u011fine g\u00f6re de bir \u015feyler ters gitmi\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Dersim \u00f6lmemi\u015f\u00a0miydi yoksa\u2026 Hayaleti mi dola\u015fmaktayd\u0131 yoksa o da\u011flarda?<\/p>\n

Galiba filmi fazla h\u0131zl\u0131 ileriye sard\u0131k\u2026\u00a01950’lerden 1990’lara<\/strong>\u00a0kadar ne ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f da devlet bu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n projeye sar\u0131lmaya karar vermi\u015f? Bunu anlamak i\u00e7in, aradaki s\u00fcreye bakmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Dersimli<\/strong>\u00a0ve\u00a0Tuncelili<\/strong>\u00a0kimli\u011fini bir arada ta\u015f\u0131yan, ki\u015filik b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden mustarip \u2018Tun\u00e7Dersimliler\u2019in ve \u2018DersTunceliler\u2019in memleketi olarak bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in 1950’lili y\u0131llar, 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u2018tek parti\u2019si ve 1937-38\u2019in sorumlusu CHP\u2019ye ilk ciddi rakip olarak yine CHP i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kan DP\u2019ye 1950 y\u0131l\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinde oy verme onuru\/tuhafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u2026 1937 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki (co\u011frafya ve i\u00e7erik ba\u011flam\u0131nda\u00a0k\u0131smi<\/em>) katliam\u0131n ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn partisine kar\u015f\u0131, 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda devlet otoritesi ile uyumlu ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan mutileri bile kapsayan (co\u011frafya, ara\u00e7lar ve i\u00e7erik ba\u011flam\u0131nda\u00a0total<\/em>) k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015fbakan\u0131 liderli\u011findeki Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n partisine sar\u0131lma refleksinin ad\u0131 nedir biliyorum. Cumhura d\u00fc\u015fman Kemalist d\u00fczene s\u00f6zde \u2018muhalif\u2019 sa\u011f partilerin, onlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek iktidarlar\u0131nda Aleviler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere cumhurun \u2018\u00f6tekiler\u2019inin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenleri g\u00f6rerek, laikli\u011fin g\u00f6rece daha sad\u0131k bek\u00e7ileri olan CHP\u2019ye zamanla y\u00f6nelmelerinin de bununla ilgili oldu\u011funu biliyorum. Ancak bunun, moda kavram i\u015fg\u00fczarlar\u0131n\u0131n pek sevdikleri\u00a0Stockholm sendromu<\/strong>\u00a0ile a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu ucuz analiz yoluyla Dersim\u2019e hakaret edenlerin, sadece \u00e7aresizlikleri ve sessizlikleri nedeniyle derinlerde bir yerlerinde su\u00e7luluk duygusuyla hareket ettiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

Bizzat radikal modernist, jakoben laik\u00e7iler eliyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan Alevi yuvas\u0131ndan geriye kalan ocaks\u0131z, musahipsiz, ikrars\u0131z Dersimlilerin, Tuncelilerin ve \u00f6zellikle\u00a0Tun\u00e7Dersimliler<\/strong>in \u00a0y\u0131llar sonra laik\u00e7ilerden medet ummalar\u0131, ya\u015fanan felaketin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Anadillerini b\u0131rak\u0131p en \u2018resmi\u2019 T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi en iyi konu\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131 da ya\u015fanan asimilasyonun di\u011fer boyutunu\u2026 Ancak bundan utanmas\u0131 gerekenler, sadece asilime edenler de\u011fildir; buna h\u00e2l\u00e2 sessiz kalan ve alternatif \u00f6neremeyen muhaliflerin utan\u00e7 pay\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ki b\u00f6yle ucuz analizlere sar\u0131lman\u0131n bir nedeni de budur.<\/p>\n

Yoksa k\u0131r\u0131m-sonras\u0131 Dersim\u2019in, ya da hayaletinin her \u015feye ra\u011fmen merkeze muhaliflikten ve \u2018cins\u2019likten vazge\u00e7medi\u011fini en iyi bilen devlet, (\u2018\u015feriat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 hari\u00e7) her t\u00fcrl\u00fc muhalefetin merkezlerinden biri olarak Dersim\u2019i g\u00f6rmezdi.<\/p>\n

Dersim-k\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa b\u00fcy\u00fck yara ald\u0131ran devletin sahibi olan Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan zaman\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 K\u201dn\u0131n Dersim\u2019de bu kadar rahat \u2018yuvalanmas\u0131\u2019, devleti bir yana b\u0131rakal\u0131m, sosyologlar\u0131n, siyaset bilimcilerin ve antropologlar\u0131n bile anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 bir ger\u00e7eklik: (1) Kadim\u00a0K<\/strong>\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k tehdidine ek olarak, (2)1960’lardan itibaren \u2018K<\/strong>om\u00fcnizm\u2019 ve (3) 1970’lerden itibaren \u2018K<\/strong>\u00fcrt\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019 Dersim\u2019de kendini hep evinde hissetmi\u015ftir!<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcz y\u0131l boyunca genelde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00f6zelde Dersim\u2019de ve ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye ile Dersim ili\u015fkilerinde \u00e7ok \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fti, ama Dersim\u2019in \u2018bela\u2019 alg\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u2026<\/p>\n

Kimine g\u00f6re \u201cbir derdim var bin dermana de\u011fi\u015fmem\u201d, kimine g\u00f6re \u201cMevla\u2019m bu derdi vermi\u015f, derman niye vermemi\u015f!\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

Nitekim, her \u015feye ra\u011fmen 1950 se\u00e7imlerinde DP\u2019ye oy verme oran\u0131nda \u00f6nde gelmesi k\u0131r\u0131m-sonras\u0131 Dersim\u2019in \u2018m\u00fczmin muhalif\u2019 imaj\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu. Bu imaj, katliamlara dayal\u0131 medenile\u015ftirme sellerine yol a\u00e7an \u2018asi\u2019, \u2018e\u015fk\u0131ya\u2019 ve \u2018vah\u015fi\u2019 imaj\u0131ndan daha iyi olabilir, ama 1950’lerin \u00e7akma muhalefetinin yerine 1960’lar\u0131n devrimci muhalefeti ge\u00e7ti\u011finde ve hele 1970’lerde d\u00fcnyadaki silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele modas\u0131na\/sevdas\u0131na kap\u0131larak radikalle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde en \u00f6nde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu avantaj ortadan kalkt\u0131. Ad\u0131 konulmadan 1980’lerde kurulan \u2018kanunsuz\u2019\u00a0Be\u015finci M\u00fcfetti\u015flik<\/strong>, o g\u00fcnden beri b\u00f6lgeye nefes ald\u0131rmayan \u2018s\u00fcrekli felaket\u2019 gibi yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

1950’lerde merkezdeki iktidar sava\u015f\u0131nda iki Dersim-k\u0131r\u0131m failinin partileri aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmak konumunda kalan Dersimliler, 2000’lere gelindi\u011finde, bu sefer z\u0131mni T\u00fcrk-\u0130slamc\u0131 politikalar\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan CHP ile ona alternatif olma iddias\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130slam-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc AKP aras\u0131nda se\u00e7ime zorland\u0131. Ancak, G\u00fclencilerin devletinkinden daha rafine ve sinsi \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Dersimliler ikincisinden uzak durdular, ama bu arada birincisiyle de aralar\u0131na mesafe koyanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 her g\u00fcn artmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Her iki se\u00e7ene\u011fin de Be\u015finci M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fin geni\u015f iktidar blo\u011funun (anti-demokratik d\u00fczenin) bek\u00e7isi oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6ren bu \u2018sol\u2019 muhalifler i\u00e7in karar zor olmad\u0131, olmuyor. Ancak bunlar aras\u0131nda CHP modernizmi ile fl\u00f6rt\u00fc bitmeyen T\u00fcrkiye solu temsilcileri, devlet i\u00e7in biraz daha \u2018tolere edilebilir\u2019 muhalifler olarak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki genel siyasetin gidi\u015fat\u0131na g\u00f6re devlet baban\u0131n bitmek bilmez daya\u011f\u0131ndan pay\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rken, Kemalizm\u2019le ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri aras\u0131na mesafe koyan Kaypakkaya yolda\u015flar\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt hareketi, da\u011flarda silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u015fehirde parlamenter m\u00fccadele d\u00fczleminde, T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00fcrdistan genelinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131, pardon ama yine \u2018cins\u2019 Dersim imaj\u0131n\u0131 beslemeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Zavall\u0131 devlet baba, ne yaps\u0131n, i\u015fi zor, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sopay\u0131 elinden b\u0131rakam\u0131yor! Eline alm\u0131\u015fken de b\u00f6lgede \u00f6n\u00fcne gelene giri\u015fiyor\u2026 O \u2018derin\u2019 sosyolojik bilgisiyle K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu muz\u0131rl\u0131ktaki pay\u0131n\u0131 sezerek en \u00e7ok da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 bu zehirden kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harc\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n

Oysa 1970’lerden itibaren y\u00fckselen Kom\u00fcnist sol, tehdit etti\u011fi devlete pek zarar verememi\u015fti; ama devletin on y\u0131llard\u0131r (sol gibi kaba ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 modernist mant\u0131kla) s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u2018halk\u0131 Alevilik afyonundan kurtarma\u2019 \u00e7abas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131\u00e7ratma ya\u015fanmas\u0131nda, \u2018i\u00e7eriden akt\u00f6rler\u2019 olarak belirleyici rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Anla\u015f\u0131lan ne bu \u00e7abalar, ne de ondan \u00f6nce e\u011fitimle Ankaral\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak b\u00f6lgeye d\u00f6nen medeni orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n il\u00e7e merkezlerinde kurdu\u011fu cumhuriyet\u00e7i k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hakimiyet (yani T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131 dillerin konu\u015fulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018paganist\u2019 Alevi prati\u011fin sadece ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin d\u00fcnyas\u0131na itildi\u011fi medeniyet) genelde muz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hep onun arkas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen, art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok \u2018k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimlik\u2019 olarak K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Herhalde Ankara denilen heyula o s\u0131rada oturup \u015f\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu s\u00fcrekli ilk tepki olarak: \u201cBunlar\u0131n\u00a0gen<\/strong>lerinde var bu! Atalar\u0131m\u0131z bo\u015funa\u00a0gen<\/strong>osit denememi\u015f!\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu musibetlerin kayna\u011f\u0131nda sapk\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f inanc\u0131 oldu\u011funu derinden derine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Ankara\u2019n\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme balonunu burada kapatarak, art\u0131k iyice Tuncelile\u015fmi\u015f olan, ama o haliyle da (asi olmasa da) muz\u0131r, (\u00e7\u0131ban olmasa da) ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen co\u011frafyaya ve oran\u0131n insanlar\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde bug\u00fcn ne g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz?<\/p>\n

Cevab\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olabilir\u2026<\/p>\n

Ancak sonu\u00e7 olarak k\u0131saca \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn: K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131\/liderleri 1937\u2019den itibaren yok edilse de (kom\u00fcnist K\u00fcrt) k\u0131z\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 baki, ama buna tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc olmayan devletin de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak kan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131na ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 da bitmek bilmiyor. 1970’lerde silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadelede namlusuna ve hedefine art\u0131k pek hakim olamayan, y\u00fcce sosyalist iktidar m\u00fccadelesinde birbirlerini de \u2018ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131las\u0131 engeller\u2019 olarak g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flayan \u2018gomm\u00fcnist anar\u015fiklerin\u2019 yan\u0131na bir de \u2018gommunist b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcler\u2019 eklenince ve her zamanki gibi bunlara kat\u0131lmada Dersim gen\u00e7li\u011fi ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekip halk\u0131 da onlara yatakl\u0131k yapmaktan geri durmay\u0131nca, devlet baba, elinde baltayla b\u00f6lgeye dalmaktan ve ter\u00f6r estirmekten ba\u015fka se\u00e7enek bilmiyor!<\/p>\n

Bu arada 1970’lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren devrim g\u00fcn\u00fcne do\u011fru geriye say\u0131m ba\u015flatacak kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcveni artm\u0131\u015f olup (k\u00f6yl\u00fc\/K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f b\u0131y\u0131\u011f\u0131na) selamla devrimci Stalin b\u0131y\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvenen ve ipi en \u00e7abuk g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslemek i\u00e7in birbirlerini \u00e7elmelemeye, dirseklemeye ve arada kur\u015funlamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan halk\u0131n devrimci yolcu kurtulu\u015f\u00e7ular\u0131na ve da\u011flarda Partizanl\u0131k oynayanlara eklenen gerilla heveslilerini bal\u0131k olarak g\u00f6ren devlet, denizlerini kurutma ama\u00e7l\u0131 yine halka sald\u0131rma kolayc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7iyordu. 1980’lerde bir yandan k\u00f6y meydanlar\u0131nda, hapishanelerde ve il\u00e7e sokaklar\u0131nda insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleler, di\u011fer yandan \u2018sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam i\u00e7in hayat boyu spor\u2019 kampanyalar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek mutluluk yata\u011f\u0131 birahanelerde \u2018kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131 alkolizm\u2019 politikalar\u0131 gibi ara\u00e7lara ba\u015fvurulurken 1990’larda bunlara, k\u00f6y bo\u015faltmalar, devrimcilere \u201cyard\u0131m ve yatakl\u0131k\u201d yapanlara (asl\u0131nda geni\u015f ailelerine) kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131s\u0131z infaz gibi y\u00f6ntemleri ekledi.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta devlet ter\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn laboratuvar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bu co\u011frafyada 1980 sonras\u0131nda (Dersim\u2019in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kenan Pa\u015fas\u0131)\u00a0Kenan G\u00fcven Pa\u015fa<\/strong>\u00a0\u00f6nderli\u011finde esasen K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa operasyon \u00e7ekilmesi gerekti\u011fi anlay\u0131\u015fla, bir kez daha devlet ter\u00f6r\u00fc f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz k\u00f6ylerde ve il\u00e7elerde esmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Bir yandan ordu gominizme ve b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 cansiperane sava\u015f\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan 1980’li y\u0131llarda k\u0131zl\u0131-erkekli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplay\u0131p kur’an kurslar\u0131na g\u00f6ndererek ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her yere cami-minare dikme faaliyetlerini Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc edalarla devam ettirerek K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Kurslara gidenlerin memleketlerine \u2018ger\u00e7ek M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019 olarak d\u00f6nmeleri hayalinin suya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve yap\u0131lan camilerin samanl\u0131k olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye Kenan G\u00fcven Pa\u015fan\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc yetti mi bilmiyorum, ama rol modeli Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc Kenan Evren Pa\u015fan\u0131n \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk-\u0130slamc\u0131 politikalar\u0131n bug\u00fcn hakim olan \u0130slam-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc otoriter iktidar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Bat\u0131l\u0131l\u0131ktan ve Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7atlad\u0131 \u00e7atlayacak Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fclerin bu nedenle \u2018laiklik elden gidiyor\u2019 diye a\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye \u00f6mr\u00fc yetmedi, \u00e7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr\u2026<\/p>\n

2000’lerden bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcren bu s\u00fcrece s\u0131\u00e7rayarak filmi h\u0131zl\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015f oldum yine, ama o aradaki uzun\u00a01990’lar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0nas\u0131l \u00f6zetleyece\u011fimi bilemiyorum do\u011frusu\u2026 Bir kez daha k\u00f6y yakmalar, bo\u015faltmalar ve faili me\u00e7hullerle dolu bu s\u00fcreci ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak 1937-38 s\u00fcreciyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken bu sefer katliamlar olmamas\u0131na bak\u0131p cumhuriyetin muz\u0131r cumhur nefretindeki medenile\u015fmeyi, 1950’er sonras\u0131 geli\u015fen \u2018ma\u015fallah\u2019 demokrasiye mi ve o s\u0131rada liberal demokrasinin zafer \u015fenlikleri yapan riyakar Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerimizdeki g\u00f6zlerine mi yoksa Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fcyeli\u011fine mi bor\u00e7luyuz ona da karar vermek zor. Elbette bunlar\u0131n hepsi ve bunlardan \u00f6te fakt\u00f6rleri saymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn, ama devrimci Dersim\u2019in bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yok edilememi\u015f direni\u015f ruhunun bundaki engelleyici rol\u00fcn\u00fc, yani Dersimlili\u011fin \u00f6nleyici failli\u011fini\/\u00f6zneli\u011fini de unutmamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk on y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130slamc\u0131lar Dersim\u2019de \u201cordu-millet el ele\u201d demedi, ama \u201cordu-AKP-Cemaat el ele, CHP\u2019nin on y\u0131llard\u0131r bitirmedi\u011fi i\u015fi bitirmeye!\u201d \u015fiar\u0131yla s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin.<\/p>\n

\u201cMadem S\u00fcnnile\u015ftiremiyoruz, bari K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 terbiye edelim, k\u0131z\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 pembele\u015ftirelim\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla hummal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fcten eski ve yeni muktedirler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tamam\u0131nda s\u00fcren rekabetlerini Dersim\u2019de adeta bir yana b\u0131rakarak T\u00fcrk-\u0130slamc\u0131 bayra\u011f\u0131 Dersim\u2019e dikme \u00e7abas\u0131na girdiler.<\/p>\n

B\u0130T\u0130R\u0130RKEN<\/h6>\n

Co\u011frafyan\u0131n muz\u0131r cumhurunun t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca cumhuriyetle ilgili neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, neler hissetti\u011fini, 1970’lerde ba\u015flay\u0131p h\u00e2l\u00e2 bitmeyen g\u00f6\u00e7lerden geriye kalanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p yazma g\u00f6revi sosyologlar\u0131 ve antropologlar\u0131 bekliyor.<\/p>\n

1950\u2019den bug\u00fcne<\/strong>\u00a0Tuncelile\u015fme s\u00fcreci h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerlese de ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Tunceli ili kadim Dersim\u2019den, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tuncelililik de kadim Dersimlilikten kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da h\u00e2l\u00e2 cumhurun muz\u0131r par\u00e7as\u0131, h\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fczmin muhalif imaj\u0131yla g\u00fcndem olabiliyor ora ve oral\u0131lar\u2026<\/p>\n

E\u015fsizlik veya biriciklik iddialar\u0131na dayal\u0131 romantizasyon tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeden, \u2018her yer gibi\u2019 \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fckleri ve hatta tuhafl\u0131klar\u0131 ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Dersim,\u00a0CHP\u2019nin kalesi, gerillan\u0131n sahas\u0131, AKP\u2019nin ba\u015f belas\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0bir co\u011frafya olarak, \u015fimdi bir de\u00a0Kom\u00fcnist Ba\u015fkan\u0131n belediyesi<\/strong>ne ev sahipli\u011fi yaparak son zamanlarda \u2018tuhafl\u0131klar m\u00fczesi\u2019 gibi d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ziyaretlere ve hatta turlara mekan oluyor\u2026<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00f6zellikle diasporadaki Dersimlilerin hayali olan, turizm arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in bu \u2018m\u00fczelik Kom\u00fcnist ba\u015fkan\u2019 ziyaretleri veya \u2018ba\u011fnaz\/ilkel K\u00fcrdistan cehenneminde modernlik vahas\u0131\u2019 turlar\u0131 yeterli olur mu bilinmez, ama bu ziyaretlerin bir ba\u015fka nedeni olan Dersim\u2019in vah\u015fi do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Munzur vadisinin, bu ziyaretler, turlar ve tuhaf \u015fekilde \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcr ve do\u011fa\u201d ad\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen festivaller y\u00fcz\u00fcnden h\u0131zla \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bitirirken, bu yaz\u0131da \u2018Dersimlilik\u2019, \u2018Tuncelililik\u2019 gibi \u00f6zc\u00fc laflar, bolca ba\u015fvurulan kronolojik ve (Alevilik, S\u00fcnnilik ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere) tematik a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 genellemeler, fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck tespitler ve sarkazm ve ironiye s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak yap\u0131lan sata\u015fmalar ve edilen k\u00f6\u015feli laflar, ancak bir Duvar yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n verece\u011fi serbesti sayesinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi. Bu olana\u011f\u0131 veren Duvar\u2019a te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum\u2026 Ama s\u00fcr\u00e7-i lisan i\u00e7in \u00f6z\u00fcr dileme ucuzlu\u011funa ba\u015f vurmak istemiyorum.<\/p>\n

1935-47 Dersim-k\u0131r\u0131m deneyiminden geriye kalanlar\u0131yla Dersim, 1950\u2019de katliam\u0131n iki ba\u015fbakan\u0131 liderli\u011finde iktidar sava\u015f\u0131 veren iki partiden birini se\u00e7me durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Asl\u0131nda Tunceli oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne s\u00fcrekli devlet i\u00e7indeki S\u00fcnnile\u015ftirmeci ve T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmeci u\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn de Dersim Alevileri, \u0130slamc\u0131 AKP fanatizmi ile laik\u00e7i CHP fanatizmi aras\u0131nda se\u00e7ime zorlan\u0131rken, adeta V. Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik gibi b\u00f6lge y\u00f6netimini \u00fcstlenen ordu, bu politika ve refleksin uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131 anda t\u00fcm ana ak\u0131m partileri, daha do\u011frusu m\u00fcesses nizam\u0131n kendisini m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran temsil ediyor.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan t\u00fcm bu olanlar\u0131 sessiz sedas\u0131z izleyen ve b\u00f6ylece dolayl\u0131 r\u0131za sunan gayri-Dersimli \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa gelince, onlara hat\u0131rlatmak istedi\u011fim \u015fey, asl\u0131nda genel ge\u00e7er bir motto olabilir:<\/p>\n

Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ezildi\u011fi\/zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde \u00e7o\u011funluk abat olmaz; g\u00fcn g\u00f6rmez!<\/em><\/p>\n

*\u00a0Prof. Dr.\u00a0 \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

**Yay\u0131ndan \u00f6nce makaleyi okuyarak, ele\u015ftirileri, \u00f6nerileri ve uyar\u0131l\u0131yla katk\u0131 sunan sevgili meslekta\u015flar\u0131m ve dostlar\u0131m Abdurrahman Ay, G\u00fcl H\u00fcr, Haydar Karata\u015f, Mesut \u00d6zcan, \u00d6zkan Bulut, Tansel Korkmaz ve Zeynep Ye\u015fim G\u00f6k\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/cumhuriyetin-dersimi-dersimin-cumhuriyeti-haber-1639648\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1950\u2019den bug\u00fcne Tunceli ili kadim Dersim\u2019den, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tuncelililik de kadim Dersimlilikten kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da h\u00e2l\u00e2 cumhurun muz\u0131r par\u00e7as\u0131, h\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fczmin muhalif imaj\u0131yla g\u00fcndem olabiliyor ora ve oral\u0131lar. B\u00fclent Bilmez* Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi periferi \u00fclkelerde ulus-devletin ulusu \u00f6nceledi\u011fi, yani muhayyel bir ulus\u00a0ad\u0131na\u00a0elitler\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan kurulan modern devletlerin kendi uluslar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etti\u011fi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sosyal ve be\u015feri bilimlerde iyi bilinen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":76135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nCumhuriyetin Dersim\u2019i, Dersim\u2019in Cumhuriyeti - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=76134\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cumhuriyetin Dersim\u2019i, Dersim\u2019in Cumhuriyeti - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1950\u2019den bug\u00fcne Tunceli ili kadim Dersim\u2019den, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tuncelililik de kadim Dersimlilikten kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da h\u00e2l\u00e2 cumhurun muz\u0131r par\u00e7as\u0131, h\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fczmin muhalif imaj\u0131yla g\u00fcndem olabiliyor ora ve oral\u0131lar. 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