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Deyvi Papo<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumun en mutlu, sonu gelmeyecekmi\u015f gibi hissettiren yaz g\u00fcnlerine ve uzakta olmamla birlikte hala pe\u015fini b\u0131rakamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir nostaljiye ev sahipli\u011fi yapan \u0130stanbul\u2019un Adalar\u2019\u0131 son zamanlarda akl\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde kurcal\u0131yor:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Adalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten de sadece \u015fehrin kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmak i\u00e7in mi tercih ediyoruz?<\/p>\n Belki evet. Bir\u00e7ok \u201cyazl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in \u00f6yle. Ama bir yandan da adalar\u0131n, \u0130stanbul\u2019un az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlerden uzak sokaklar\u0131 ve meydanlar\u0131 doldurabilmek i\u00e7in tercih edildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Murat Belge de buna istinaden\u00a0\u0130stanbul Gezi Rehberi<\/em>\u2019nde adalar\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131k \u201cpsikolojisine\u201d uyan mekanlar oldu\u011funu iddia ediyor.\u00a01<\/sup><\/p>\n Peki, nedir bu az\u0131nl\u0131k psikolojisi? Ve adalar nas\u0131l bu psikolojiye uygun mekanlar oluyor? Kamusal alanlar ile az\u0131nl\u0131k olma hali aras\u0131nda ne t\u00fcr bir ba\u011flant\u0131 var?<\/p>\n \u00d6ncelikle adalar\u0131n kent haf\u0131zas\u0131ndaki yerine bakal\u0131m:\u00a0Bizans<\/a>\u00a0d\u00f6neminde Adalar, iktidar i\u00e7in tehdit olu\u015fturan prenslerin \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00f6zlerinin oyularak yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fkencelere maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda rahiplerin inzivaya \u00e7ekildi\u011fi bir \u201cizolasyon\u201d alan\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00f6zlerden uzak olman\u0131n, g\u00f6rmemenin veya g\u00f6r\u00fclmemenin hem politik hem de co\u011frafi anlamda v\u00fccut buldu\u011fu mekanlard\u0131. Tam olarak bu y\u00fczden ilerleyen y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k psikolojisi\u201dne uygun bir yer haline geldi Adalar.<\/p>\n Bu inziva alan\u0131n\u0131n yerini k\u0131rsal bir sakinli\u011fe b\u0131rakmas\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda\u00a0vapur<\/a>\u00a0seferleri ile ba\u015flad\u0131. Adalar yava\u015f yava\u015f yazl\u0131k konaklar\u0131n in\u015fa edildi\u011fi, kafa dinlemek i\u00e7in gidilen veya sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmak i\u00e7in tercih edilen \u015fehre yak\u0131n bir rekreatif b\u00f6lge haline geldi. Zaten halihaz\u0131rda bir Rum n\u00fcfusuna sahip olan adalar, ilerleyen y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle Ermenilerin ve Yahudilerin de yazlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmeyi tercih etti\u011fi bir adrese d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde ise a\u00e7\u0131lan\u00a0Bahriye Okulu<\/a>\u00a0ve say\u0131s\u0131 artan camiler ve okullar Tanzimat sonras\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc Bat\u0131\u2019ya d\u00f6nen T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun da adalara gelmesine olanak sa\u011flad\u0131. Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulmas\u0131 ile Ada halk\u0131 da \u201cT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme\u201d politikas\u0131ndan nasibini ald\u0131: 1942\u2019daki Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve 1955\u2019teki\u00a06-7 Eyl\u00fcl Pogromu<\/a>\u00a0adalarda ba\u015fta Rum n\u00fcfusu olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusun da\u00a0azalmas\u0131na<\/a>\u00a0sebep oldu.<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul\u2019daki ve \u00fclkenin di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerindeki demografik de\u011fi\u015fime paralel bir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015fen adalar yine de uzunca bir s\u00fcre az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019un merkezine g\u00f6re g\u00f6zlerden uzak, daha \u201crahat\u201d bir \u015fekilde kamusal alanda varolu\u015funu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130nzivaya \u00e7ekilen rahiplerin ve iktidar\u0131 tehdit eden prenslerin miras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine Adalar\u2019da g\u00f6zlerden uzak, \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn benimsendi\u011fi kamusal alanlar olu\u015ftu. Fener\u2019den, Balat\u2019tan, Tarlaba\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan ve daha sonralar\u0131 Galata\u2019dan, Kurtulu\u015f\u2019tan elini aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken, Rumca, Ermenice ve Ladino; \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda Adalar\u2019da hala sokaklarda duyulmaktayd\u0131. Ada\u2019da ya\u015fayan veya yolu bir \u015fekilde buralara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n da ba\u015fka varolu\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine sayg\u0131y\u0131 bu \u00e7ok sesli kamusal alanda \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131k.<\/p>\n Bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan beri ise art\u0131k giderek azalan az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusu ve adaya g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc diken sermaye, Adalar\u2019daki kamusal alan\u0131 iyice de\u011fi\u015ftirmekte.\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019da i\u015f ve mesken olmayan \u2018\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc mekanlar\u0131n,\u2019 e\u011flence alanlar\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck kalabal\u0131klar yaz d\u00f6neminde Adalar\u2019a, \u00f6zellikle de B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019ya ak\u0131n etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bununla beraber Adalar sermayenin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 haline geldi. Artan turizm ve \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ekonomik buhran ile birlikte Adalar\u2019da ya\u015fam gittik\u00e7e pahal\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Adal\u0131 \u201cyazl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u201d her sene kiralad\u0131klar\u0131 yazl\u0131klar\u0131 b\u0131rakmak zorunda kald\u0131lar. Kalabilenler ise kalabal\u0131ktan bunal\u0131p kendilerini evleri ve \u00fcye olduklar\u0131 \u00f6zel kul\u00fcpleri aras\u0131nda dar bir alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Sahip oldu\u011fuyla asla yetinmeyen sermaye Adalar\u2019\u0131 bir f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp 2013\u2019te Yass\u0131ada projesi ile i\u015fi farkl\u0131 bir boyuta ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u201cin\u015faat\u201d projeleri \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi sermaye artt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019daki en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden biri olan \u201cDemokrasi ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Adas\u0131\u201d\u2019n\u0131 \u2013 3. derece arkeolojik sit alan\u0131 olan Yass\u0131ada\u2019y\u0131 \u2013 \u015fehirdeki bir\u00e7ok kamusal alana yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir t\u00fcketim merkezi haline getiren bu proje, yak\u0131n siyasi tarihimizde yer tutan bu aday\u0131 sermaye \u00e7ark\u0131na sokarken ortak kent haf\u0131zas\u0131nda neyin hat\u0131rlan\u0131p neyin unutulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da dikte etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n S\u0131ras\u0131yla Sedef ve Ka\u015f\u0131k Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da sit alan\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet, en son 2021 A\u011fustos\u2019unda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n talimat\u0131 ile Adalar\u2019\u0131 \u201c\u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgesi\u201d ilan etti. Ard\u0131ndan Temmuz 2023\u2019te adan\u0131n n\u00fcfusunu iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 hedefleyen tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir\u00a0imar plan\u0131na<\/a>\u00a0imza att\u0131.<\/p>\n Emek Sinemas\u0131, Gezi Park\u0131 veya en son Akbelen\u2019de de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczere \u00e7ok sesli kamusal alanlara ve \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ekosistemlere tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc olmayan mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmet Adalar\u2019da da k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Ancak bu sefer iktidar\u0131 i\u00e7in tehdit olu\u015fturan unsurlar\u0131 uzaklara s\u00fcrm\u00fcyor; onlar i\u00e7in son kalan ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131ndan birini daralt\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00dclke genelinde g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha da dar alanlara s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan etnik, dini, politik veya cinsel az\u0131nl\u0131klar Adalar\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi sermaye politikalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda eziliyor; kentteki varl\u0131klar\u0131, hat\u0131ralar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutuyor. Bu y\u00fczden Adalar\u2019daki ve \u015fehrin ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u00e7ok sesli kamusal alanlar\u0131n yok olu\u015fu \u00fclkenin geneline sirayet eden tek seslili\u011fin kentte v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece toplumda yerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Her ne kadar bug\u00fcn Adalar\u2019da gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusu azalm\u0131\u015f olsa da buna paralel, son y\u0131llarda Adalar\u2019da kendini politik-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel az\u0131nl\u0131k hisseden ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u015fiddetinden uzakla\u015fmak isteyen n\u00fcfus da art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7ok seslili\u011fe nispeten al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olan ve bu yeni grupla de\u011fi\u015fen Ada halk\u0131, kamusal alanda etkisini g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artt\u0131ran neoliberal politikalara kar\u015f\u0131 organize bir direni\u015f sergilemektedir. 28 A\u011fustos\u2019a dek imar plan\u0131na itiraz dilek\u00e7elerini sunacak olan Adal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131 bundan sonra zor bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 bekliyor.<\/p>\n Adalar\u2019\u0131n maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu politikalar ve \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k psikolojisinin\u201d yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7e \u00e7ekilme, Adalar\u2019\u0131n ve ada halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezli\u011fini iyice artt\u0131r\u0131yor; kent hakk\u0131 ve ekolojik haklar \u00fczerine verilen m\u00fccadeleleri sekteye u\u011frat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Adal\u0131 olsak da olmasak da, kendimizi az\u0131nl\u0131k hissetsek de hissetmesek de, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kent ya\u015fam\u0131 ve adil bir kent haf\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in Adalar m\u00fccadelesi bu \u00fclkede verilen b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer m\u00fccadeleler gibi, hepimizi ilgilendiren bir mesele.<\/p>\n