{"id":75528,"date":"2023-08-11T03:43:09","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T08:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75528"},"modified":"2023-08-11T03:43:09","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T08:43:09","slug":"lozan-antlasmasinin-100-yildonumu-yerli-ve-yabanci-etkinlikler-tartismalar-tepkiler-degerlendirme-ve-talepler-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75528","title":{"rendered":"Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 100. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc: Yerli ve yabanc\u0131 etkinlikler, tart\u0131\u015fmalar, tepkiler, de\u011ferlendirme ve talepler (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Faik Bulut\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci, yazar<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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El Mecelle’nin kapak resminde Osmanl\u0131’dan sonra (bir ulusun do\u011fu\u015fu) tasvir edilmi\u015f<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Lozan meselesini kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden irdelemeye devam ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki yay\u0131nlar, sadece Lozan’a ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015fanlardan ve salt bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclke medyas\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmelerden ibaret de\u011fil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7izgide seyreden ve mevcut AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bu husustaki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen analizlerdir.<\/p>\n

Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Lozan’\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuzluklara de\u011finiyor.<\/p>\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 Suudi sermayeli ve Londra merkezli \u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0El Mecelle<\/em>\u00a0dergisinin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan dosya gibi…<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda Husam Eytani’nin 22 Temmuz 2023 tarihli analizinde, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Ortado\u011fu ve Avrupa haritas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden belirlendi\u011finden s\u00f6z edilirken, Musul vilayetini talep eden T\u00fcrkiye’nin ni\u00e7in bundan vazge\u00e7ip \u0130ngiltere ile uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finiliyor.<\/p>\n

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\"El<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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El Mecelle, dosyaya ili\u015fkin kapak resminde Lozan ser\u00fcvenini tasvir etmi\u015f<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Analizin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde,\u00a0“millet sistemi”<\/em>nin (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki cemaat sistemi-FB) ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun miras\u0131n\u0131 devralan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 temelinde etnik ve dini topluluklar\u0131n ulusal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7e saymas\u0131na de\u011finiliyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130laveten bundan kaynaklanan i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fme ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara da i\u015faret ediliyor ki, en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 kap\u0131\u015fman\u0131n K\u00fcrtler ile T\u00fcrkiye’deki iktidarlar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a01<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 dosyadaki e\u015fzamanl\u0131 ve S. M. \u0130mzal\u0131 bir ba\u015fka makale, esas olarak Lozan ile K\u00fcrtler meselesi irdeleniyor. \u015e\u00f6yle ki:<\/p>\n

Fransa ile \u0130ngiltere, K\u00fcrdistan denen co\u011frafyay\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda payla\u015farak Irak ve Suriye’de manda (s\u00f6m\u00fcrge) y\u00f6netimi kurdular. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra T\u00fcrkiye, Fransa ve ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngiltere ile ikili pazarl\u0131\u011fa girerken Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’yle de ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirdi.\u00a0Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Mustafa Kemal, bunu imzalayan Osmanl\u0131 yetkililerini g\u00f6revinden azletti.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu arada yeni kurulacak olan modern T\u00fcrkiye’nin T\u00fcrkler ile K\u00fcrtlerin devleti olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda K\u00fcrt ileri gelenlerini ikna etti.\u00a0Bu d\u00f6nemde, iki \u00f6nemli konferans d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lki Sadece \u0130ngiliz yetkililerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1921 Kahire Konferans\u0131’d\u0131r. Burada \u0130ngiltere, K\u00fcrdistan d\u00e2hil Ortado\u011fu’da kendi n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 belirledi. Ayr\u0131ca Milli M\u00fccadele’yi s\u00fcrd\u00fcren T\u00fcrkiye’ye y\u00f6nelik nas\u0131l bir siyaset izleyece\u011fini de ele ald\u0131.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi olan 1922 tarihli Londra Konferans\u0131’na kat\u0131lan T\u00fcrk yetkililerle, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131l\u0131p K\u00fcrtlere tan\u0131nan haklar\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131 konusunda mutabakata var\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6lgedeki siyasi hava tamamen de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00f6yle bir atmosferde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sevr gere\u011fince haklar\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan Ermeni ve K\u00fcrt temsilcileri m\u00fczakerelere al\u0131nmad\u0131lar\u2026<\/p>\n

Lozan sonras\u0131nda ulus-devlet felsefesi ve fikriyat\u0131 Ortado\u011fu’da etkili oldu. B\u00fcy\u00fck devletler, b\u00f6lgedeki her toprak par\u00e7as\u0131nda ulusla\u015fmakta olan halklar\u0131, kendi k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak azami \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flama yoluna gittiler.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Lozan’daki ikili \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fczakere ve pazarl\u0131klar sonucu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 cetvellerle \u00e7izilmi\u015f olan yeni devletlerin halklar\u0131 (\u00f6zne konumundaki farkl\u0131 topluluklar) bu geli\u015fmelerden hi\u00e7 haberdar olmad\u0131lar.<\/em><\/p>\n

Burada var\u0131lan uzla\u015fma ve mutabakatlar Lozan benzeri anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olup g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olumsuz etkileri h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrmektedir. \u0130ktidar tekelini elinde tutan devletler, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 icab\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki anla\u015fmalara s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya yap\u0131\u015fmaktalar. Oysa ger\u00e7ek demokrasi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u015fitli\u011fe kavu\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr antla\u015fmalar\u0131n k\u0131skac\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 dileyip isteyebiliriz.\u00a02<\/sup><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\"Lozan<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 binan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde K\u00fcrtler<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

El Mecelle<\/em>‘nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dosyas\u0131 eski b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i, b\u00fcrokrat \u00d6mer \u00d6nhon taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Lozan’a gelinceye kadarki Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerini ve \u0130ttihat Terakki Cemiyeti’nin politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seren bu makalede Lozan’\u0131n zafer oldu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131yor. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 kesimlerin iddialar\u0131n\u0131n tersine, Lozan’\u0131n gizli sakl\u0131 maddeleri yoktur. Bu antla\u015fma sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye, emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerle ba\u015f ederek kendini kabul ettirmi\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet olarak uluslararas\u0131 sahneye \u00e7\u0131kabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Keza Sevr’in Ermeniler ve K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in vaat etti\u011fi mutasavver K\u00fcrdistan ve Ermenistan, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinip mahsus unutulmu\u015ftur.\u00a03<\/sup><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\"Rumlar,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Rumlar, \u0130stanbul’u terk ediyorlar, 1922<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\"Rumlar,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Rumlar, Mudanya liman\u0131nda Yunanistan’a gitmeyi bekliyorlar, 1922<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Erbil’de ya\u015fayan Suriyeli K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131n\u0131 Mahmud Rustem’in\u00a0El Mecelle\u00a0<\/em>dergisine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 27 Temmuz 2023 tarihli makalede, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda “tarihin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan” haklardan bahisle \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (16 May\u0131s 1916 tarihinde Britanya ve Fransa aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda Rusya taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Orta Do\u011fu’daki topraklar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren gizli antla\u015fma-FB) 19’uncu y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndaki Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin Asya k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki Arap topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet kurma hayalini yerle bir etti.<\/p>\n

Zira Sykes-Picot, galip devletlerin k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeydeki b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi-stratejik projesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Bunun sonucunda Arap co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok devlet kuruldu.<\/p>\n

Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sona ermesiydi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Araplar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ermeni, K\u00fcrt, S\u00fcryani ve Rumlara ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar ve milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belli haklar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n

Ancak 1919-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda iki \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme Sevr kararlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. \u0130lki Milli M\u00fccadele, ikincisi ise Bol\u015fevik Devrimi’nin y\u00fckseli\u015fiydi. Bunun \u00fczerine galip Avrupa devletleri, Sovyet merkezli kom\u00fcnist tehlikeye kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye ve \u00f6nderi Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fc yanlar\u0131na \u00e7ekme politikas\u0131 g\u00fctmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalamalar\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’yi tan\u0131y\u0131p uluslararas\u0131 denklemde sahneye \u00e7\u0131karak b\u00f6lgesel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini de beraberinde getirdi. B\u00f6ylece modern T\u00fcrkiye, jeopolitik oyunlar\u0131n aktif akt\u00f6r\u00fc haline geliverdi.<\/p>\n

Haliyle mutlak ulus (tek millet) siyaseti, m\u00fccavir b\u00f6lgelere ve s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesindeki az\u0131nl\u0131klara dayat\u0131ld\u0131; sadece \u00fclke i\u00e7inde de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinin tamam\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olabilecek bir politika benimsedi. T\u00fcrkiye’nin kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkileri de bu \u015farta ba\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ve \u00f6tekilerin yok say\u0131lmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 kat\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7i devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, sonradan kurulacak olan Suriye, Irak ve \u0130ran’daki yeni devletlere sirayet etti\u2026<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki devlet ili\u015fkilerinin \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin belirlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6rnek bir model te\u015fkil etti. Merkezi devletin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan inan\u00e7sal ve etnik topluluklar ink\u00e2r edildi; icab\u0131nda tedip ve tenkile maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131, tarihin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu yan\u0131yla Lozan, b\u00f6lgedeki bir\u00e7ok halk\u0131n, milliyet ve ulusun hezimete u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131nda tarihi bir vesile oldu. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Ortado\u011fu’daki toplumlar\u0131n demografik yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve sosyal b\u00fcnyesi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. \u00c7o\u011fulculuk ve demografik denge hepten bozuldu.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\"Lozan'da<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Lozan’da galip devletlerin temsilcileri<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 yazar ve gazeteci Toni Francis Lozan meselesine de\u011finirken, bu antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi ve gizli maddelerinin bulundu\u011fu yolundaki komplovari iddialar\u0131 reddediyor.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Suriye, Irak ve Libya’ya askeri m\u00fcdahaleleri ve Yunanistan’la olan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131kan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 R. Tayyip Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u015fu demecine yer veriyor:<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n adil oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcpheliyim.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Yazara g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n

Lozan’\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fclkelerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda s\u0131n\u0131r haritalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde mevcut konumunu korumay\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6rev saymaktalar.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Sykes-Picot ve Lozan antla\u015fmalar\u0131na devam edeceklerdir. Zira alternatifler belirsizdir ve 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kurulanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a04<\/sup><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\"Sykes-Picot<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu cetvelle \u00e7izilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00dcrd\u00fcn’de Lozan Sempozyumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dcrd\u00fcn’\u00fcn ba\u015fkenti Amman’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 28 Temmuz tarihli uluslararas\u0131 sempozyumda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konular\u0131 da ele almam\u0131z faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi (Amman), Arap Fikir Kul\u00fcb\u00fc, \u00dcrd\u00fcn Tarih\u00e7iler Cemiyeti ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn Ha\u015fimi Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ar\u015fiv (D\u00f6k\u00fcmantasyon) Merkezi’nin ortakla\u015fa d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sempozyumu izleyen gazeteci Mahmud M\u00fcnir’in izlenimlerini aktar\u0131rken se\u00e7ti\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131k ilgin\u00e7tir:<\/p>\n

Gelecek, Ge\u00e7mi\u015finden Kurtulamad\u0131!\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00dcrd\u00fcnl\u00fc gazetecinin izlenimlerine dayanarak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tespitleri yapmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn:<\/p>\n

ORSAM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Uysal’\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sempozyumda Arap\/\u0130slam halklar\u0131n\u0131n Milli M\u00fccadele’ye sempati ve destekleri vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00e7ok Osmanl\u0131 nostaljisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde fikir belirten Irakl\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Seyyar Cemil, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve sonras\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 ma\u011flubiyetinin nedenini \u0130ttihat ve Terakki anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Velid Arid ile Abdurrahman Cud’an da benzer muhafazak\u00e2r ve Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015fla konuyu ele ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte her ikisi de Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn kurdu\u011fu yeni cumhuriyet rejiminin \u00a0anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in Araplarla T\u00fcrklerin ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ettiler.<\/p>\n

Fasl\u0131 Abdurrahman Heyli, Milli M\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fclkesi insanlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye b\u00fcy\u00fck sempati besledi\u011fine dair belgeler sundu.<\/p>\n

Filistinli Velid Salim, Yahudi halk\u0131na Filistin’de yurt kurma hakk\u0131n\u0131 vaat eden \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Arthur Balfour’un bu tarihi hatas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Lozan m\u00fczakereleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7aba harcamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet etti.<\/p>\n

Salim’e g\u00f6re: Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fince T\u00fcrkiye, bir Osmanl\u0131 vilayeti say\u0131lan (Bilad-i \u015eam kapsam\u0131nda) Filistin’deki b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcklerinden s\u0131yr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla oradaki Filistinliler, yeni bir kimlik alabilmek i\u00e7in \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimine ba\u015fvurmaya mecbur kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bunu f\u0131rsat bilen \u0130ngiliz \u0130daresi de 1925 ve 1931 tarihli kararlara dayanarak kendi himayelerinde bulunmalar\u0131 hasebiyle d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gelen Yahudi muhacirlerin Filistin kimli\u011fi alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu.<\/p>\n

\u00dcrd\u00fcnl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Velid Abdulhay’\u0131n sunumu \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n tepkisine neden oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Abdulhay, T\u00fcrkiye’deki mevcut krizden hareketle Lozan’\u0131n gelece\u011finden umutlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

“Ulusal, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeydeki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin Lozan’\u0131 pratikte h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu antla\u015fman\u0131n t\u00fcmden iptali yerine baz\u0131 maddelerinin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilip d\u00fczeltilmesi gerekti\u011fini”<\/em>\u00a0vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Macide Mahluf, Lozan tutanaklar\u0131na ve TBMM’nin 1920-1923 tarihli oturum zab\u0131tlar\u0131na dayanarak T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda Lozan’dan \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131l\u0131p mutabakata var\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle TBMM \u00fcyesi H\u00fcseyin Avni ve bir\u00e7ok milletvekilinin sonradan imzalanan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleriyle ortaya koydu.\u00a05<\/sup><\/p>\n

Yine, Lozan’\u0131n 100. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcnasebetiyle bir de\u011ferlendirme yapan Kosova k\u00f6kenli Suriyeli Muhammed M. Arnavut, \u00f6ncelikle Lozan’da T\u00fcrkiye’nin kesin bir zafer kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor; ancak bu zaferin olumsuz yan etkileri ve yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 yazmay\u0131 da ihmal etmiyor:<\/p>\n

Lozan ve \u00f6nceki antla\u015fma metinlerine dayan\u0131larak din ve milliyet\u00e7ilik ad\u0131na k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7o\u011fulculuk yok edildi. Y\u00fcz binlerce insan (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Rum, Ermeni vs) yerini yurdunu terk etmeye zorland\u0131. M\u00fcbadele ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc demografik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana geldi. B\u00f6lgede (Balkanlar, Anadolu, Ortado\u011fu) kurulan yeni devletler ise zaman zaman imha, etnik temizlik y\u00f6ntemlerine ba\u015fvurarak siyasi\/demografik m\u00fchendislik projelerini uygulad\u0131lar.\u00a05<\/sup><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Lozan hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 kenar notlar\u0131:<\/p>\n

Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki bilgilendirme ve yorumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetiyle birka\u00e7 hususa de\u011finmek isterim.<\/p>\n

Kimi K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131n ve siyasileri, Lozan’\u0131n,\u00a0“K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131\/co\u011frafyay\u0131 d\u00f6rde b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc”<\/em>\u00a0ileri s\u00fcrerler.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 K\u00fcrtler ise Sevr-Lozan antla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131yaslayarak,\u00a0“Birincisinin hi\u00e7 olmazsa K\u00fcrtlere (devlet kurma ve kendi gelece\u011fini belirleme gibi) baz\u0131 siyasal haklar tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131”<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6ylemektedirler.<\/p>\n

Kan\u0131mca bu noktada bilgi ve analiz eksikli\u011fi mevcuttur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131 Lozan’da de\u011fil, ilk kez \u0130ran Safevi ile Osmanl\u0131 devleti aras\u0131nda var\u0131lan 17 May\u0131s 1639 tarihli Kasr-\u0131 \u015eirin Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

16 May\u0131s 1916 tarihli Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafya Fransa ile \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131larak d\u00f6rde b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Mesela klasik K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 409 bin kilometrekare olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u0130ran’a ayr\u0131lan par\u00e7a yakla\u015f\u0131k 124 bin, Irak’a ayr\u0131lan par\u00e7a 72 bin, Suriye’ye verilen 18 bin olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; T\u00fcrkiyeli K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler ise 194 bin 400 kilometrekare olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

10 A\u011fustos 1920 tarihli Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131, \u0130ngiliz Temsilci Mark Sykes ile Frans\u0131z temsilci Georges Picot’un cetvellerle \u00e7izdikleri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131ya imzalat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halidir.<\/p>\n

Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda, T\u00fcrkiyeli K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131,\u00a0“K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesi”\u00a0<\/em>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6lge K\u00fcrtlerin bulundu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn il ve il\u00e7eleri kapsam\u0131yordu; daha \u00e7ok G\u00fcneydo\u011fu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 illerdi.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuzey ve do\u011fu illerinde bir Ermenistan kurulacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sevr’in 63 ve 64’\u00fcnc\u00fc maddelerinde \u015fu ifadeler yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fbu Antla\u015fman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konu\u015fundan bir y\u0131l sonra, 62. Madde’de belirtilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki K\u00fcrtler, bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun T\u00fcrkiye’den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmak istediklerini kan\u0131tlayarak Milletler Cemiyeti Konseyi’ne ba\u015fvuruda bulunmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ve Konsey’in de bu n\u00fcfusun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yetenekli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne var\u0131r ve bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlara tan\u0131may\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’ye sal\u0131k verirse (tavsiye ederse), bu durumda T\u00fcrkiye, bu \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlemeye [tavsiyeye] uymay\u0131 ve bu b\u00f6lgeler \u00fczerinde b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar\u0131ndan ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7meyi, \u015fimdiden y\u00fck\u00fcmlenir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu vazge\u00e7menin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Ba\u015fl\u0131ca M\u00fcttefik Devletlerle T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak \u00f6zel bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye konu olacakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 Sevr’de tan\u0131nan haklar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131,\u00a0“\u00f6lme e\u015fe\u011fim \u00f6lme yaz gele yonca bite”\u00a0<\/em>t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin insaf\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yani ipe un serme siyaseti izlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcstelik de K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0“Ermenistan”\u00a0<\/em>olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerle Ermeniler aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yarat\u0131p birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme takti\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

S\u0131rf bu y\u00fczden bile Sevr’den medet umman\u0131n bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur, tarih de bunu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan \u0130ngiltere, Sevr’in imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra gerek K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgeleri gerekse Ermenilere ayr\u0131lan topraklar\u0131n verilmesi i\u00e7in d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimini s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O s\u0131rada iktidarda olan H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf F\u0131rkas\u0131, bu haklar\u0131 K\u00fcrt temsilcileriyle m\u00fczakere edip uzla\u015fmak \u00fczere Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin g\u00f6zetiminde bir “K\u00fcrdistan Komitesi” kurmu\u015ftur.
\nBuradan ikinci bir meseleye geliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin K\u00fcrtlere Sevr’de belirlenen haklar\u0131n verilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili bir komisyon kurdu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce,\u00a0“T\u00fcrk dostu ve di\u015fi arslan”\u00a0<\/em>diye bilinen Frans\u0131z gazeteci Madame Berthe Georges-Gaulis ile Sivas Kongresi \u00f6ncesinde bulu\u015farak ona \u0130ngilizlerin \u00e7evirdi\u011fi entrikalardan bahsetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Frans\u0131z<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Frans\u0131z gazeteci Gaulis hakk\u0131nda bir haber<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

M. Kemal, bu Frans\u0131z gazeteci arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dolayl\u0131 yollardan Frans\u0131z yetkilileriyle irtibat kurmu\u015f; neticede Frans\u0131z diplomat Henri Franklin Bouillon, \u00fclkesi ad\u0131na m\u00fczakereleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek amac\u0131yla 20 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc Ankara’ya gelmi\u015ftir. 20 Ekim 1921’de de Frans\u0131zlar ile sava\u015f\u0131 bitiren Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ile Fransa aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015fa son veren bu antla\u015fmada Berthe Georges-Gaulis’in pay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Meclis zab\u0131tlar\u0131na yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imiyle,\u00a0“Madam Golis”<\/em>\u00a0i\u00e7in iki kez te\u015fekk\u00fcr \u00f6nergesi verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Uzun y\u0131llar \u0130stanbul, Beyo\u011flu’nda ya\u015fayan Madame Gaulis, Frans\u0131z bas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan e\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcnce gazetecili\u011fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Frans\u0131z<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Frans\u0131z gazeteci B. G. Gaulis’in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitap<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Fransa’n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 ile sava\u015fa girmesi \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul’u terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f bitince Eyl\u00fcl 1919’da geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve Anadolu’daki Kuvay\u0131 Milliye komutanlar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kimileri, onun i\u00e7in\u00a0“ajan gazeteci”<\/em>\u00a0tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ben, bu bilgiyi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131-yazar Mehmet Bayrak’\u0131n iki televizyon konu\u015fmas\u0131nda dinledim. Kendisine bilginin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordum.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Ertu\u011frul D\u00fczda\u011f isimli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0“Yak\u0131n Tarihimizde Gizli \u00c7ehreler”\u00a0<\/em>(\u0130z Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k-2017) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan bahsetti.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Bayrak dostumun kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131p bana iletti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerden birinde Gaulis, d\u00f6nemin Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fevzi \u00c7akmak ile birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor; di\u011ferinde ise Mustafa Kemal, Frans\u0131z diplomat Henry Franklin Bouillon’un yan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"M.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Mustafa Kemal ve Frans\u0131z diplomat Henry Franklin Bouillon<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

“Mehmet Akif uzman\u0131”\u00a0<\/em>diye tan\u0131nan M. E. D\u00fczda\u011f, genelde \u0130slami \u00e7evreye mensup olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Kadir M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131o\u011flu gibilerinin Lozan’a ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu y\u00fczden de ben bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n kitab\u0131ndaki iddialar\u0131 ihtiyatla kar\u015f\u0131lamak durumundayd\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Konumuza d\u00f6nersek; bir \u015fekilde Musul vilayetini Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n elinden kapan \u0130ngiltere bu b\u00f6lgede petrol bulunca, K\u00fcrt haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktan vazge\u00e7ip Lozan’dan \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye ile anla\u015fma yoluna gidiyor.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Bask\u0131n Oran’\u0131n deyimiyle:\u00a0“\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ngilizlerin art\u0131k K\u00fcrtlere ihtiyac\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ngiltere, T\u00fcrkiye-Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtleri kontrol edemeyecek durumdad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00dcstelik Irak K\u00fcrtleri \u00a0(Mahmut Berzenci direni\u015fi gibi) \u0130ngiltere’ye problem \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan Sevr gere\u011fince verilmesi vaat edilen Ermenistan’\u0131n Sovyet yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek\u00a0“tampon b\u00f6lge”<\/em>\u00a0i\u015flevini g\u00f6remeyece\u011fini anlayan \u0130ngiltere, bu i\u015flevi yerine getirebilecek Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’ne yana\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Demek ki Lozan’a gidi\u015f yolu \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famadan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur: M. Kemal \u00f6nce Frans\u0131zlarla anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngilizlerle diyalog kurmu\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famada ise \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi (17 \u015eubat-4 Mart 1923) toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sonuncu toplant\u0131, asl\u0131nda bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelere Kemalist y\u00f6netimin \u015fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir:<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin gelece\u011fi ve tercihi kapitalist d\u00fcnyad\u0131r. Sovyet yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ge\u00e7icidir, T\u00fcrkiye Bol\u015fevik d\u00fcnyaya y\u00f6nelmeyecektir!<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bu teminat\u0131 alan \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve di\u011fer devletler, Lozan’\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7arak Balkanlar, Anadolu ve Mezopotamya’da ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n aleyhine i\u015fleyecek ve hatta baz\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n sonunu getirecek antla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalayarak T\u00fcrkiye’nin tapu senedini onaylam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu haliyle Lozan, daha \u00f6nce d\u00f6rde b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 garant\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan tasdik edilip m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmi\u015f halidir.<\/p>\n

Ne yaz\u0131k ki Lozan sonras\u0131 temel bir s\u00f6ylem haline getirilen\u00a0“Yurtta Sulh Cihanda Sulh”\u00a0<\/em>\u015fiar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eriye ili\u015fkin k\u0131sm\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye 1920’lerden itibaren bilhassa K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 kapsaml\u0131 tedip ve tenkil harek\u00e2t\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015f; on binlerce insan\u0131n kan\u0131 ak\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yurtlar ve haneler viraneye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f; binler insan idam ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Biliniyor ki: Lozan’\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetiyle bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ve Ortado\u011fu’da veya K\u00fcrtlerin bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafyada bu antla\u015fmaya itiraz edip tan\u0131mak istemeyen, yerine daha demokratik esaslara dayal\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 bir\u00a0“toplumsal s\u00f6zle\u015fme”\u00a0<\/em>veya\u00a0“devlet”<\/em>\u00a0isteyen kimi K\u00fcrt olu\u015fumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ihtilaflar mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Mesela KNK’nin konferansa davet etti\u011fi Irak’taki KDP, \u00a0hem \u00f6rg\u00fctsel rekabet-husumet hem de T\u00fcrkiye ile s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkileri (ticari, siyasi ve ideolojik) nedeniyle toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Keza yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Barzani-KDP yanl\u0131s\u0131 ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar KNK giri\u015fimiyle Lozan’da d\u00fczenlenen etkinli\u011fe kat\u0131lmad\u0131lar. Farkl\u0131 tarihlerde kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na etkinlik d\u00fczenlediler.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Lozan'daki<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Lozan’daki forum tarz\u0131ndaki etkinli\u011fe y\u00fczlerce yerli ve yabanc\u0131 kat\u0131ld\u0131<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

KDP fanatiklerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131,\u00a0“Madem devlet kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorsan\u0131z, o halde ni\u00e7in Lozan’da protesto konferans\u0131 d\u00fczenliyorsunuz?”\u00a0<\/em>t\u00fcr\u00fcnden sorularla KNK ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresine sata\u015fmalarda bulundular.<\/p>\n

Benzer s\u00f6zl\u00fc sata\u015fmalar Lozan ve K\u00fcrtlerin birli\u011fi hususunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirten YNK (Yekit\u00ee) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bafil Talabani’ye de y\u00f6neltildi.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"YNK<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
YNK Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bafil Talabani, Lozan hakk\u0131ndaki demecinden sonra fanatik bir KDP’linin hakaretine maruz kald\u0131<\/em><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Lozan’\u0131 protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda Irak K\u00fcrt y\u00f6netimini temsil eden bayraklara baz\u0131 KNK yanl\u0131lar\u0131 itiraz edince, kar\u015f\u0131 taraftakiler KNK sembollerine veryans\u0131n ettiler.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abdullah \u00d6calan’\u0131n resimlerinin baz\u0131 g\u00f6stericilerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ise \u0130ran ve Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrt siyasi parti temsilcilerini rahats\u0131z etti. Bu konuda da bir gerginlik ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

KNK toplant\u0131s\u0131na davet edilen 50 kurum (ki bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yabanc\u0131 toplumsal kurumlar) ile 600 ki\u015fi, bir anlamda fraksiyonculu\u011fu a\u015fan geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir siyasete tekab\u00fcl ediyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnse bile, arka planda bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn belirledi\u011fi \u00e7izgi ve amaca ters d\u00fc\u015fen, ayk\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6z edebilecek kimselerin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmamas\u0131 da dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Her kesimin ayr\u0131 etkinlik d\u00fczenlemesi ve ayk\u0131r\u0131 olabilecek seslere yer vermemesi \u00f6rne\u011fi \u0130stanbul’daki HDK konferans\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Diyarbak\u0131r'da<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Diyarbak\u0131r’da 14 farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrt olu\u015fum taraf\u0131ndan Lozan hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ortak a\u00e7\u0131klama<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

HDP d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r’da etkinlik d\u00fczenleyen bir iki kurulu\u015f ise, sadece kendine yak\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc isimleri konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak davet etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Diyarbak\u0131r’da b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi parti ve gruplar\u0131 kapsayan iki etkinlik d\u00fczenlendi ve ortak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Demek ki K\u00fcrt temsilcileri Lozan gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarihi olayda bile birlikte i\u015f yapamayacak kadar rekabet ve husumet i\u00e7indeler. Bu y\u00fczden de “K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fi” yolunda ald\u0131klar\u0131 kararlar da havada kalmakta.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Prof.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Prof. Dr. Hamit Bozarslan, Lozan Projesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde meslekta\u015flar\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015fma platformu olu\u015fturdu<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Sosyolog Prof. Dr. Hamit Bozarslan’\u0131n deyimiyle\u00a0“K\u00fcrtlerin ortak bellek geli\u015ftirmeye ihtiyac\u0131 var.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Lozan’a itiraz eden K\u00fcrt olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n taleplerinde de ciddi farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00e7eli\u015fkiler var. Burada bile bir s\u00f6z ve anlay\u0131\u015f birli\u011fi bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

Mesela HDP ile benzer anlay\u0131\u015ftaki kesimler Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na alternatif olarak\u00a0“Demokratik Lozan”, “Toplumsal S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 yeni bir anla\u015fma”, “1921’deki Birinci TBMM’nin ruhunu ta\u015f\u0131yan demokratik cumhuriyet”\u00a0<\/em>gibi \u00f6nermelerde bulundular.<\/p>\n

Barzani ve KDP paralelinde siyaset yapan kimi olu\u015fumlar ise Lozan’\u0131n reddedilmesini ve yerine\u00a0“siyasi idare (\u00f6zerklik, federasyon veya devletin) tesis edilmesini”\u00a0<\/em>yeg\u00e2ne \u00e7are olarak g\u00f6rmekteler.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Diyarbak\u0131r'daki<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Diyarbak\u0131r’daki K\u00fcrt olu\u015fumlar\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Lozan Konferans\u0131 \/ Foto\u011fraf: R\u00fbdaw<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00d6rnek olarak da Irak K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi’ndeki federal y\u00f6netimi g\u00f6stermekteler.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2lbuki IKB’nin hayranl\u0131k duyup neredeyse izinden giderek benimsedi\u011fi AKP-Erdo\u011fan tarz\u0131 siyasetin a\u00e7maz\u0131, salt devlet kurman\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerin derdine derman sadr\u0131na \u015fifa olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca kan\u0131t\u0131 say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131l yap\u0131lan etkinliklerde g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan \u015fey, K\u00fcrtlerin kendi i\u00e7lerine d\u00f6n\u00fck bir kampanya y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi ve fraksiyonel anlay\u0131\u015flardan bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kurtulamamas\u0131 oldu. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na yo\u011funla\u015fay\u0131m derken yersiz ve zamans\u0131z yan konular da g\u00fcndeme s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Lozan gibi uluslararas\u0131 bir anla\u015fman\u0131n as\u0131l muhatab\u0131; buraya imza atm\u0131\u015f olan devletler yani yabanc\u0131 (\u00f6zelde ABD, Fransa, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130talya, Rusya vs) kamuoyudur.<\/p>\n

Mesela KNK, Lozan nedeniyle en fazla ma\u011fdur olan T\u00fcrkiyeli K\u00fcrtler yerine \u0130ranl\u0131, Irakl\u0131 ve diasporadaki K\u00fcrtleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Davet edilenler aras\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 diplomatlar ile karar sahibi olabilecek d\u00fczeyde siyaset\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2lbuki sorun, onun \u00f6znesi olan K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 ile m\u00fcsebbibi say\u0131lan devletlerin temsilcileriyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

KNK ise, yabanc\u0131 kamuoyu kavram\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok sendikalar, kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, kimi siyaset\u00e7ileri ve partileri anlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak bunlar\u0131n karar vericilere etkileri s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla as\u0131l ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken kesim iktidar \u00e7evreleri ile karar merkezleri olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KDP yanl\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131n bulup etkinlikte konu\u015fturdu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki yabanc\u0131 siyaset\u00e7i ve akademisyenin bahsetti\u011fim anlamdaki kapsaml\u0131 lobi ve kamuoyu yaratma faaliyetlerindeki rol\u00fc de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Sevr mi? Lozan m\u0131?”<\/em>\u00a0k\u0131skac\u0131ndan kurtulman\u0131n yolu, b\u00fct\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 benzerleri gibi Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n da tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan ebedi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na varmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir antla\u015fma ne kadar uzun s\u00fcrerse s\u00fcrs\u00fcn ya de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fartlara uyarlanmak ya da kad\u00fck kalmak durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 R. T. Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n 7 Aral\u0131k 2017 tarihli Yunanistan ziyaretinde tespit etti\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir ger\u00e7ek vard\u0131:<\/p>\n

Lozan, 94 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan bir antla\u015fma\u2026 Sadece T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir antla\u015fma de\u011fil. 94 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde d\u00fcnya yeniden in\u015fa ediliyor\u2026<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Son s\u00f6z: De\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnya ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bilin\u00e7lenip talepk\u00e2r olan K\u00fcrtlerin siyasi ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l m\u00fczakereler sonunda haklar\u0131 tan\u0131nacaksa, bunun ad\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0“Yeni Lozan\/De\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f Lozan”\u00a0<\/em>olmas\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir isimle an\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fin teferruat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:\u00a0<\/sup><\/strong>1. https:\/\/www.majalla.com\/node\/295931\/
\n2. https:\/\/www.majalla.com\/node\/295966\/
\n3. https:\/\/www.majalla.com\/node\/295936\/, 24 Temmuz 2023.
\n4. https:\/\/www.independentarabia.com\/node\/476526\/, 24 Temmuz 2023.
\n5. Amman’daki Sempozyum, 28 Temmuz 2023. https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/culture\/
\n6. https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/culture\/, 24 Temmuz 2023.<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/strong>Bu makalede yer alan fikirler yazara aittir ve Independent T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin edit\u00f6ryal politikas\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmayabilir<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.indyturk.com\/node\/653791\/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yeden-sesler\/lozan-antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n-100-y%C4%B1ld%C3%B6n%C3%BCm%C3%BC-yerli-ve-yabanc%C4%B1-etkinlikler\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Faik Bulut\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci, yazar\u00a0 El Mecelle’nin kapak resminde Osmanl\u0131’dan sonra (bir ulusun do\u011fu\u015fu) tasvir edilmi\u015f Lozan meselesini kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden irdelemeye devam ediyoruz. Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki yay\u0131nlar, sadece Lozan’a ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015fanlardan ve salt bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclke medyas\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmelerden ibaret de\u011fil. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7izgide seyreden ve mevcut AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bu husustaki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen analizlerdir. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":75529,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,56,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-tartismalar","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nLozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n 100. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc: Yerli ve yabanc\u0131 etkinlikler, tart\u0131\u015fmalar, tepkiler, de\u011ferlendirme ve talepler (2) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75528\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n 100. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc: Yerli ve yabanc\u0131 etkinlikler, tart\u0131\u015fmalar, tepkiler, de\u011ferlendirme ve talepler (2) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Faik Bulut\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci, yazar\u00a0 El Mecelle’nin kapak resminde Osmanl\u0131’dan sonra (bir ulusun do\u011fu\u015fu) tasvir edilmi\u015f Lozan meselesini kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden irdelemeye devam ediyoruz. Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki yay\u0131nlar, sadece Lozan’a ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015fanlardan ve salt bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclke medyas\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmelerden ibaret de\u011fil. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7izgide seyreden ve mevcut AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bu husustaki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen analizlerdir. 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