{"id":75240,"date":"2023-07-24T02:53:33","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T07:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240"},"modified":"2023-07-24T02:53:33","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T07:53:33","slug":"100-yil-once-lozanda-ermeni-meselesi-nasil-ele-alindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240","title":{"rendered":"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan’da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"100<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/header>\n
Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr<\/a><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u0130smet Bey’e cevap vermek \u00fczere s\u00f6z alan Lord Curzon \u0130smet Bey’in Ermenilerle ilgili olarak \u00e7izdi\u011fi tablonun ger\u00e7eklere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Curzon’a g\u00f6re, e\u011fer \u00f6yle olsayd\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’da ya\u015fayan \u00fc\u00e7 milyon Ermeni’nin 130 bine inmesini, Frans\u0131z birlikleri Kilikya’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken “bu mutlu ve memnun soydan” 60 bin ila 80 bin ki\u015finin yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ailelerini b\u0131rakarak “ba\u015fka yerlerde yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak i\u00e7in” Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ka\u00e7malar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazd\u0131. E\u011fer durum \u0130smet Bey’in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi olsayd\u0131, \u015fimdi neden y\u00fczbinlerce Ermeni, T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin i\u00e7ten \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na ko\u015facak yerde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7menler olarak bulunuyordu? K\u0131sacas\u0131 neden bu Ermeni sorunu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en utan\u0131lacak olaylar\u0131ndan biriydi?<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n

1 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de Saltanat\u2019\u0131n \u0130lgas\u0131\u2019ndan hemen sonra resmi ad\u0131yla Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu \u0130\u015flerine \u0130li\u015fkin\u00a0 Lozan Konferans\u0131 (bundan b\u00f6yle k\u0131saca Lozan) i\u00e7in Murahhaslar (Delegeler) Heyeti se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. Daha 18 Ekim 1922 tarihinde yap\u0131lan gizli oturumda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere g\u00f6nderilecek heyetin se\u00e7iminde \u201ctitiz davran\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cortaya at\u0131lacak iddialara kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmas\u0131\u201d kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2 Kas\u0131m 1922 tarihli gizli celsede, \u0130kinci Grub ate\u015fli bi\u00e7imde heyetin TBMM taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesini \u00f6nermesine ra\u011fmen Mustafa Kemal\u2019in iste\u011fiyle, heyeti Heyet-i Vekile\u2019nin se\u00e7mesi \u00f6nerisi 61 ret, 8 \u00e7ekimser oya kar\u015f\u0131 121 oyla kabul edilmi\u015fti.\u00a0(1)<\/p>\n

Heyetin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Heyet-i Vekile (Bakanlar Kurulu) Reisi Rauf Bey ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Hariciye Vekili Yusuf Kemal Bey, sab\u0131k Dahiliye Vekili Fethi Bey ve hatta K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa gibi Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin a\u011f\u0131r toplar\u0131 beklenti i\u00e7ine girmi\u015flerdi. \u00d6zellikle Rauf Bey, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun sonunu getiren Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019ni imzalam\u0131\u015f olman\u0131n ezikli\u011fiyle, o k\u00f6t\u00fc hat\u0131ray\u0131 bir zaferle silmek arzusu i\u00e7indeydi. Ancak Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Lozan i\u00e7in uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc isim, Saltanat\u2019a ve Halife\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen Rauf Bey de\u011fil; Mudanya M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmecisi, her daim kendisine sad\u0131k \u201cGarp Cephesi Kumandan\u0131\u201d \u0130smet Bey\u2019di. Lord Kinross bu se\u00e7imin nedenini \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetleyecekti: \u201cAvrupa\u2019y\u0131 iyi tan\u0131yan ve uzla\u015fma e\u011filiminde olmayan Rauf Bey, kendi bildi\u011fini okuyacak, kolay idare edilemeyecekti. Oysa \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 istedi\u011fi gibi y\u00f6netebilece\u011fini biliyordu.\u201d\u00a0(2)<\/p>\n

Birinci Meclis\u2019in \u201c\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc\u201d milletvekili Dr. R\u0131za Nur ise \u0130smet Bey\u2019i kendisinin se\u00e7tirdi\u011fini iddia eder hat\u0131rat\u0131nda. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 terimler, zihniyetine dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da Lozan\u2019da genel olarak gayrim\u00fcslimler, \u00f6zelde Ermeniler konusunda tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tavra \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak niteliktedir:<\/p>\n

“Rauf\u2019un Abaza gayretini g\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zlerimle g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn i\u015fini g\u00f6recek bir T\u00fcrk yok mu? T\u00fcrkler bu kadar kabiliyetsiz mi de bir abaza b\u00f6yle m\u00fchim bir i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunacak? Bunu hele asla hazmedemedim. Vekillerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gitti. \u00dc\u00e7, d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi kald\u0131k. Herkes gitmi\u015f, ben bak\u0131yorum, Mustafa Kemal de kalkt\u0131 gidiyor. Halbuki onunla yaln\u0131z konu\u015fmak istiyorum. Kap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan \u00e7ekip kenara ald\u0131m. Heyecan ve \u015fiddet i\u00e7inde dedim ki: \u201cPa\u015fa! Art\u0131k hi\u00e7 de\u011ferli bir T\u00fcrk yok mudur ki abazal\u0131k gayretinde bir adam b\u00f6yle m\u00fchim bir mevkie tayin edildi. Hem de o adam bu i\u015fi yapamaz. Rezil oluruz.\u201d Durdu, durdu \u2018hakk\u0131n var. Ben bu i\u015fi d\u00fczeltirim. Kimi yapal\u0131m ama?\u201d dedi. \u201c\u0130smet hepsinden m\u00fcnasiptir. Bir T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr\u2019 dedim. Mustafa Kemal \u201cpeki ben bu i\u015fi d\u00fczeltirim\u201d dedi. Ayr\u0131ld\u0131k, Mustafa Kemal gitti. Birg\u00fcn sonra Yusuf Kemal\u2019e \u2018istifa et, \u0130smet Hariciye Vekili olacakt\u0131r\u2019 diye telgraf \u00e7ekmi\u015f\u2026. “<\/em>\u00a0(3)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

Heyet Lozan\u2019a gidiyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 sonunda, \u201cBa\u015f Murahhas\u201d olarak atanan\/se\u00e7ilen \u0130smet Pa\u015fa sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve inat\u00e7\u0131 bir ki\u015filikti. Kendi \u00e7abas\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi i\u00e7in az bu\u00e7uk Almanca ve Frans\u0131zca biliyordu. \u0130kinci Murahhas Dr. R\u0131za Nur, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murahhas Hasan (Saka) Bey idi. Heyette \u201cdan\u0131\u015fman\u201d olarak 21 ki\u015fi, \u201cbas\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131\u201d olarak \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi, \u201csekreter\u201d olarak sekiz ki\u015fi, nihayet \u201cterc\u00fcman\u201d olarak bir ki\u015fi vard\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet her sayfas\u0131 bakanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan 14 maddeden olu\u015fan \u00fc\u00e7 sayfal\u0131k bir \u201ctalimatname\u201d haz\u0131rlad\u0131.\u00a0(4)\u00a0Misak-\u0131 Milli do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rlanan talimatnamenin konumuzla ilgili maddeleri (\u00f6zetle) \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/p>\n

1) Do\u011fu S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131: \u201cErmeni Yurdu\u201d s\u00f6z konusu olamaz, olursa g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kesilir. 2) Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131: S\u00fcleymaniye, Kerk\u00fck ve Musul sancaklar\u0131 istenecek. Konferansta ba\u015fka bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa h\u00fck\u00fcmetten talimat al\u0131nacak. 3) Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131: Bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak ve s\u0131n\u0131r \u015f\u00f6yle olacakt\u0131r: Reis-i \u0130bn-i Hayn\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Harim, M\u00fcslimiye, Meskene, sonra F\u0131rat yolu, Der Zor, \u00c7\u00f6l, nihayet Musul livas\u0131 g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ula\u015facak.<\/p>\n

Heyet, talimatnameyi cebine koyup Ankara\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yanlar\u0131nda, kendilerini Ermeni komitac\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u201c\u00c7erkes\u201d Ethem Bey\u2019in adamlar\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan koruyacak 10 kadar da asker vard\u0131. Be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir tren yolculu\u011fundan sonra 11 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Lozan\u2019a varan heyeti istasyonda T\u00fcrk ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciler sevin\u00e7 g\u00f6sterileriyle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar. Ayn\u0131 anda Ermeni ve Rumlar\u0131n da aleyhte g\u00f6sterileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

13 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ba\u015flamas\u0131 planlanan konferans, Britanya\u2019daki se\u00e7imler ve \u0130talya\u2019daki kabine de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bahanesiyle sebebiyle Britanya ve \u0130talya delegeleri gelemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in 20 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de, saat 15.30\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131. Daha sonradan gecikme gerek\u00e7esinin uydurma oldu\u011fu \u00f6\u011frenilecekti. M\u00fcttefik delegeler, T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 ortak politika olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in Paris\u2019te toplanm\u0131\u015flar, hen\u00fcz sonuca ula\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in de bu bahaneleri ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Ancak bu g\u00fcnleri T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131 da davet \u00fczerine Paris\u2019e gitmi\u015f, Frans\u0131z Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Raymond Poincar\u00e9 ile bir gayriresm\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yaparak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015fti. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden biri az\u0131nl\u0131klarla (o d\u00f6nemin terminolojisi ile \u201cekaliyetler\u201d ile) ilgiliydi. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, hat\u0131rat\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 konu\u015fmay\u0131:<\/p>\n

“M\u00f6sy\u00f6 Poincar\u00e9 ile ekalliyetler meselesini konu\u015fuyoruz. Bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi anlatt\u0131ktan sonra, ekalliyetler meselesinde vaziyet nedir, m\u00fcttefikler bizden neler isteyecekler diye sordum. M\u00f6sy\u00f6 Poincar\u00e9 bana, k\u0131sa bir mukabil sualle cevap verdi ve dedi ki:<\/em>
\n‘Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn evvela Lord Curzon buradayd\u0131. Kendisi ile ekalliyetler meselesini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek\u00a0 istedim. Ekalliyetlerin durumu ne olacak diye konu\u015ftuk. Lord Curzon bana, ekalliyetler kald\u0131 m\u0131 ki, ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsun, cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi. \u0130ngilizler in zihniyeti budur.’<\/em><\/p>\n

Ekalliyetler meselesini bu noktada kestik. Bununla beraber ekalliyetler mevzuunda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc kendisine kesin olarak \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131m: Son zamanki muharebelerde galip ve ma\u011flup b\u00fct\u00fcn milletlerce, ekalliyetler i\u00e7in m\u00fctekabil olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan himaye ve teminat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin hepsini kabul ediyoruz. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’ye mahsus herhangi bir kay\u0131t kabul etmeyiz. Misak\u0131 Milli ile ilan etti\u011fimiz husus da b\u00f6yledir. Ne dersiniz, diye sordum. Beni tasdik etti. Ekalliyetler mevzuundaki karar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kendisine b\u00f6ylece anlatm\u0131\u015f oldum.”\u00a0(5)<\/em><\/p>\n

Casino de Mont Benon\u2019da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f t\u00f6reninde, \u0130smet Bey Britanya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Lord Curzon\u2019la birlikte salona girdi. \u0130talya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benito Mussolini, Fransa Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Raymond Poincar\u00e9 de salonda haz\u0131rd\u0131rlar. Konferans\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re Konfederasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Robert Haab ev sahibi s\u0131fat\u0131yla a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Lozan \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrkiye Ermenileri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131klar (ekalliyetler)\u201d konusu 12 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihli oturumda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda 12 Aral\u0131k tarihli oturumdan son anda haberdar olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u00fczden oturumlara haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131ks\u0131z kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazacakt\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Zaten ekalliyetler meselesi bir yanl\u0131\u015f anlama ve yine \u0130ngilizlerin sert tutumlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden aksi bir halde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu meselenin ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcndeminde oldu\u011fu gece yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra tebli\u011f edilmi\u015fti.(\u2026) Neyse Ankara\u2019da ekalliyetler meselesine ait acele haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir tarihi et\u00fct vard\u0131. Onu yan\u0131ma ald\u0131m, konferansa gittim. Bu et\u00fct Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n nasyonalist iddialar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemek ve imparatorlu\u011fu zay\u0131flatarak par\u00e7alay\u0131p T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni Avrupa\u2019dan, Asya\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in Avrupa milletlerinin ne oyunlar oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, neler yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, as\u0131rlardan beri s\u00fcren b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fekilleri ve hileleri ile tetkik eden bir uzun metindi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Konferansta onu okudum. Konu\u015fman\u0131n nihayetinde Lord Curzon\u2019a inme inecekti. \u00d6d\u00fc kopuyordu. Konferans da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. D\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordum. Bakt\u0131m Lord Curzon otelin bah\u00e7esinde yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na oturuyor. Her taraf\u0131ndan adeta ate\u015f, duman \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Yan\u0131na gittim, ne oldu dedim. \u201cHarap ettin bizi, harap\u201d diye \u015fikayette bulundu ve bana sordu: -Nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131z, sulh yapacak m\u0131y\u0131z? -Yapacaks\u0131n\u0131z. dedim ve yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131m.”<\/em>\u00a0\u0130\u015fte g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler b\u00f6yle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0(6)<\/p>\n

Oturumlarda neler konu\u015fuldu\u011funa ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, arka planda neler oldu\u011funa bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

11 Ekim 1922\u2019de Mudanya M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra \u0130stanbul Ermenileri toplu halde yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ancak Patriklik Makam\u0131 yeni durumla ilgili ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz kararla\u015ft\u0131ramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ermenilerin ba\u015flar\u0131na gelenleri eski d\u00f6nemin hatas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmeye e\u011filimli olan Patrik Zaven, Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki temsilcisi Refet (Bele) Pa\u015fa\u2019ya \u201cho\u015f geldin\u201d ziyaretine gitmi\u015f ve Ermenilerin yeni idareye sad\u0131k olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek tebriklerini sunmu\u015ftu. Bu d\u00f6nem \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Sirvart Malhasyan\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re\u00a0\u00a0(7)\u00a027 Ekim 1922 tarihli\u00a0Jo\u011fovurti Tsayn\u0131<\/em>\u00a0gazetesinde, Tavit Der Movsesyan \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, amac\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i T\u00fcrklerle Ermeniler aras\u0131nda samimi ili\u015fkiler tesis etmek olan bir olu\u015fumdan bahsediliyor, bu olu\u015fum i\u00e7in D\u00e2hiliye Nezareti\u2019nden de gerekli iznin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiliyordu. Ancak 29 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Anadolu Telgraf Ajans\u0131\u2019ndan g\u00f6nderilen bir haber, Ermenileri zor durumda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Habere g\u00f6re baz\u0131 Ermeniler ileri gelen Kemalistlerden birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrtmek amac\u0131yla \u0130ngiliz ve \u0130talyan kimlikleriyle gizlice \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015flerdi. Yine de 24 Aral\u0131k 1922 g\u00fcn\u00fc Pera-Asmal\u0131 Mescit\u2019teki Diana Oteli\u2019nde toplanan 40 kadar ki\u015fi, tarih\u00ee bir ad\u0131m att\u0131 ve 28 Eyl\u00fcl 1919\u2019da kurulmu\u015f olan Garabetyan Mezunlar Cemiyeti\u2019ni Ermeni-T\u00fcrk Te\u00e2li Cemiyeti\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Cemiyetin ilk eylemi Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u2019ndaki T\u00fcrk Heyeti Reisi \u0130smet Bey\u2019e bir tebrik telgraf\u0131 \u00e7ekmek oldu. Ancak T\u00fcrk gazetesi\u00a0Tevhid-i Efkar\u00a0<\/em>bu habere \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan beri Ermenilerin akl\u0131 nerdeydi acaba? Ermenilerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 unuttuk mu san\u0131yorlar yoksa?\u201d diye cevap verdi. Gazete, Ermenilerin i\u00e7tenli\u011fine inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, eski (ya\u015fl\u0131) Ermenilerin amac\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 Ermenilerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 unutturarak, T\u00fcrklerin zaferinden sonra onlar\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00fclmek oldu\u011funu vurgulay\u0131p, tek bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n buna kanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Yani, cemiyet \u00fcyeleri daha ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131nda, s\u00fcrekli bir samimiyet testine tabi tutulacaklar\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131\u201d oturumu ba\u015fl\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte \u0130stanbul\u2019da hava b\u00f6yleyken 12 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihli oturum, Lord Curzon’un haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ngilizce metnin, vakit kazanmak i\u00e7in terc\u00fcman arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Frans\u0131zcaya \u00e7evrilerek okunmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Lord Curzon \u00f6zetle T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ya\u015fayan topluluklardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetle ili\u015fkilerinin, bu topluluklar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131 yerlerde zor ve kanl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olduklar\u0131 halihaz\u0131rdaki durumda bu ili\u015fkilerin \u00e7ok daha nazik olmas\u0131 ve etkili bir koruma getirilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Avrupa s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131nda benzer haklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu teslim ediyordu. Curzon \u00f6zel olarak da Ermenilere de\u011findi:<\/p>\n

“\u00d6zellikle Ermenistan’a ili\u015fkin olarak bu ama\u00e7 g\u00fcd\u00fclmekteydi. Bu konuda verilmi\u015f ve s\u0131k s\u0131k yenilenmi\u015f olan s\u00f6zler herkes\u00e7e bilinmektedir. Bu konuda verilmi\u015f s\u00f6zlerin, elli y\u0131l \u00f6nce Berlin Andla\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.”\u00a0\u00a0(8)<\/em><\/p>\n

Curzon daha sonra Anadolu’dan ka\u00e7an ve Yunanistan’a “y\u00fck olan” 600 bin ila 900 bin aras\u0131ndaki Rum n\u00fcfusla ilgili durumu ve al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirleri, ard\u0131ndan “K\u00fcrdistan da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde ve T\u00fcrk-\u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan” \u00f6nemli bir Nesturi ya da Asuri H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 ile “T\u00fcrk \u00fclkesi”nde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u015fekilde ya\u015fayan Yahudilerin sorunlar\u0131na de\u011findikten sonra tekrar konuya d\u00f6nd\u00fc:<\/p>\n

“Ermenilere ge\u00e7iyorum. Bunlar\u0131n, yaln\u0131z, ku\u015faklar boyunca katland\u0131klar\u0131 ve uygar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n deh\u015fet ve ac\u0131ma duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerlerine \u00e7eken b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fil, fakat gelecekleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kendilerine \u00f6zel olarak verilmi\u015f \u00f6zler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de, \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u015eimdi bir Sovyet Cumhuriyeti olan eski Rus vilayeti Erivan’da bana s\u00f6ylediklerine g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 1,250,000 n\u00fcfuslu, fakat her yerden gelmi\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7menlerle \u00e7oktan dolmu\u015f ta\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve daha kalabal\u0131k bir n\u00fcfus kabul edemeyecek durumda bulunan, bir s\u00f6zde Ermeni Devleti vard\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, Kars, Ardahan, Van, Bitlis ve Erzurum’un Ermeni n\u00fcfusu neredeyse yok olmu\u015ftur. Frans\u0131zlar Kilikya’y\u0131 bo\u015faltt\u0131klar\u0131 zaman, bu vilayetin pani\u011fe kap\u0131lan Ermeni n\u00fcfusu, onlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan gitmi\u015ftir, \u015fimdi de \u0130skenderun, Halep, Beyrut \u015fehirlerinde ve Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 boylar\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir durumdad\u0131rlar. San\u0131r\u0131m ki, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Asya’daki \u00fclkesinde bir zamanlar \u00fc\u00e7 milyona varan Ermeni n\u00fcfusundan, \u015fimdi ancak 130,000 ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fczbinlercesi Kafkasya’ya, Rusya’ya, \u0130ran’a ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak \u00fczere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Lausanne’a geldi\u011fimden beri, bu becerikli ve zeki soyun hizmetlerinden yoksun kalmakla zarara u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015f olan Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, Ermenilerin Anadolu’ya geri d\u00f6nmelerini ve orada yerle\u015fmelerini desteklemek e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendim.<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir tutum, bence T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yarar\u0131na olacakt\u0131r, T\u00fcrk Temsilci Heyetinin bize bu konuda birtak\u0131m garantiler verdi\u011fini i\u015fitmekle mutluluk duyaca\u011f\u0131m. Her halde, gelece\u011fin T\u00fcrk Devletinde, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’da olu\u011fu gibi Avrupa’da da, g\u00fcvenlikleri ve korunmalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan andla\u015fmaya \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler konulmas\u0131 gerekecek, \u00f6nemli say\u0131da bir Ermeni n\u00fcfusu kalacakt\u0131r. \u015eimdi bir Ulusal Ermeni Yurdu kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, gerek Ermenilerce, gerekse d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her\u00a0 yan\u0131ndaki dostlar\u0131nca \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan ve herkes\u00e7e bilinen iste\u011fe de\u011finmek zorunday\u0131m. Bu kadar \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ki\u015fili\u011fi, trajik de olsa b\u00f6ylesine dikkat ekici bir tarihi ve b\u00f6ylesinebelirli bir ulusal duygusu olan bir halk\u0131n, kendi topra\u011f\u0131nda oturmak \u00f6zleminde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fal saymak gerekir. Bu halk\u0131n, Erivan Cumhuriyetinde zaten b\u00f6yle bir \u00fclkesi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenecek olursa, buna, s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgenin yoksul, n\u00fcfusunun kalabal\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve orada y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki rejimden Ermenilerden pek \u00e7o\u011funun tiksindi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilmelidir. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6ylece, s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, T\u00fcrkiye, Asya’daki \u00fclkesinin bir yerinde -ister Kuzey-Do\u011fu vilayetlerinde, ister Kilikya’n\u0131n G\u00fcney-do\u011fusu ile Suriye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda- Ermeniler i\u00e7in, bunlar\u0131n diledikleri bir toplanma merkezi bulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Olup bitenler, belki bu umudun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini bir zamandan oldu\u011fundan daha zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bulunabilir. Fakat biz, T\u00fcrk Temsilci Heyetinin bu konuya ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u00f6\u011frenmekten memnunluk duyaca\u011f\u0131z.\u00a0\u00a0(9)<\/em><\/p>\n

Curzon’dan sonra s\u00f6z alan Frans\u0131z temsilcisi Camille Barrere “Soy ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn az\u0131nl\u0131klara hakg\u00f6zetirlik uyar\u0131nca davran\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isterken, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok derin ac\u0131lara katlanm\u0131\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 uyru\u011fu Ermenileri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgiyle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc s\u00f6ylemek, bu ilkelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f olmak anlam\u0131na gelmez,” dedi. Ard\u0131ndan \u0130talyan temsilci Marki Garroni s\u00f6z ald\u0131 ve\u00a0“B\u00f6yle olunca ister T\u00fcrk ister Yunan \u00fclkesinde bulunsun, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 ac\u0131nacak durumdaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Rum ya da Ermeni halklar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi olarak koruyal\u0131m. Bu halklar\u0131 korumakla, herkesin kafas\u0131ndaki -daha da ileri giderek diyece\u011fim ki- herkesinden kafas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok y\u00fcre\u011fine koymak istedi\u011fimiz, bu uygarl\u0131k ilkeselini savunmu\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z,”<\/em>\u00a0dedi.\u00a0(10)<\/p>\n

\u0130smet Bey\u2019in \u0130tilaf delegelerine cevab\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bunlara \u0130smet Bey uzun bir cevap verdi. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’ndaki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n tarihine 1453’te Fatih Sultan II. Mehmed’in George Scholarius’u Patrik se\u00e7mesiyle ba\u015flayan \u0130smet Bey Millet Sistemi ile \u0130slam i\u00e7tahatlar\u0131n\u0131n uyumundan, Voltaire’in T\u00fcrkler hakk\u0131ndaki \u00f6v\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00f6zlerinden bahsettikten sonra 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u00f6zellikle “k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli kom\u015fular\u0131n kesintisiz sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorlu\u011fun g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gitmesini haz\u0131rlamak amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcden d\u0131\u015f k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar” y\u00fcz\u00fcnden (\u0130smet Bey en \u00e7ok Rusya \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 su\u00e7luyordu)\u00a0 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan topluluklar aras\u0131ndaki dostane ili\u015fkilerde “ard arda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler” oldu\u011funu, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iyi ge\u00e7inmenin yerini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u00fcvensizli\u011fe b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bundan do\u011fan \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olaylar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 gerek \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun gerekse az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmelerine neden oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u0130smet Bey, uzun uzun “Rumlar\u0131n 1821 ayaklanmas\u0131”n\u0131, 1849’dan 1851’e kadar Bosna ve Bulgaristan’da ve 1875’te Bosna ve Hersek’te ya\u015fanan ayaklanmalar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n siyasi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131ktan\u00a0(11)\u00a0sonra nihayet Ermenilere geldi.<\/p>\n

\u0130smet Bey, konu\u015fmas\u0131na\u00a0\u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman-olmayan topluluklar\u0131n XIX ncu y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri T\u00fcrklerle olan ili\u015fkilerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve -g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi- T\u00fcrklerin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc yoksunlu\u011fundan ya da k\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 davranmalar\u0131ndan de\u011fil de T\u00fcrkiye’nin iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda siyasal nedenlerden do\u011fmu\u015f olan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n tarih\u00e7esini bitirmek i\u00e7in \u015fimdi, \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc Ermeni sorununu anlatmam\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ermeniler XIXncu y\u00fczl\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar, T\u00fcrkiye’de huzur ve tam bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7inde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0diye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan Ermenilerin Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda “Devlet i\u00e7inde Devlet” [imperium in emperia] stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, as\u0131rlarca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri olumlu tav\u0131r sayesinde\u201d “Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 vermi\u015f Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131”, Ermenilerin “Millet-i Sad\u0131ka” s\u0131fat\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Ruslar\u0131n Ermenileri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 sonucu durumun de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, Ermenilerin 1878 Ayastefanos ve Berlin andla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine y\u00f6nelik maddelerinden cesaret alarak ayaklanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, “Avrupa’n\u0131n ise say\u0131s\u0131z masum insanlar\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131tan Ermeni kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ocaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek yollar\u0131na gitmeksizin, T\u00fcrkiye’de reformlar yapt\u0131rmay\u0131” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonra tarihte ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n tekrar etmemesi i\u00e7in az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkenin kanunlar\u0131nca sa\u011flanan korumadan ba\u015fka herhangi bir siyasi korumadan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart oldu\u011funu, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 m\u00fcdahalesinin ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131n mutlaka son bulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, T\u00fcrkiye Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n veya Ermenilerinin T\u00fcrkiye’de ayr\u0131 bir devlet kurmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011fini, dahas\u0131 topluluklar\u0131n art\u0131k b\u00f6yle bir devleti kuracak n\u00fcfusa ve maddi ko\u015fullara sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.\u00a0(12)<\/p>\n

Ermenilere verilen s\u00f6zler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oturumda g\u00f6zlemci s\u0131fat\u0131yla bulunan ABD\u2019nin \u0130talya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Richard Washburn Child \u00fclkesinin kendisini ilgilendirmeyen [bu] konularda fazla fikir beyan etmek istemedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Ermeniler i\u00e7in bir yurt kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyenlerin verdikleri s\u00f6zleri hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re 10 A\u011fustos 1920 tarihli Sevres Andla\u015fmas\u0131’nda, Britanya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Avam Kamaras\u0131’nda 11 Mart 1920’de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, Britanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Avam Kamaras\u0131’nda 29 Nisan 1920 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Poincar\u00e9\u2019nin Kilikya Ermeni Ba\u015fpiskoposuna yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 16 \u015eubat 1919 tarihli mektupta, M\u00fcttefikler Y\u00fcksek Konseyi 8 Mart 1922 tarihli karar\u0131nda M\u00fcttefik D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n 26 Mart 1922 tarihli karar\u0131nda, Milletler Cemiyeti 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 tarihli karar\u0131nda Ermenilere bir yurt sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtmi\u015fti.\u00a0(13)<\/p>\n

\u0130smet Bey 13 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihli oturumda, bu konu\u015fmalara genel bir cevap verdikten sonra Ermeni komitelerinin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc varl\u0131k nedeni ortadan kalkt\u0131ktan sonra T\u00fcrklerle Ermenilerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ve tam bir i\u00e7tenlikle sava\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yaralar\u0131 sarma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’de kalmak isteyen Ermenilerin -kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle dolu ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki olaylar\u0131 unutmaya haz\u0131r olan- T\u00fcrk yurtta\u015flar\u0131yla karde\u015f\u00e7e ya\u015fayabileceklerini ancak T\u00fcrkiye \u00fclkesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bir topra\u011f\u0131n Ermeni Yurdu kurulmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye’den ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine yeni bir giri\u015fim sayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledikten sonra “T\u00fcrkiye’nin do\u011fu vilayetlerinde ya da Kilikya’da, T\u00fcrk \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve her ne yoldan olursa olsun anayurttan ayr\u0131labilecek bi kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131 yoktur,\u201d dedi. \u0130smet Bey’e g\u00f6re “kald\u0131 ki T\u00fcrkiye, zaten var olan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ermenistan’la -ba\u015fka bir deyimle Erivan Sovyet Cumhuriyetiyle- Devletler hukuku ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki kurallar uyar\u0131nca andla\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015f ve iyi kom\u015fuluk ili\u015fkileri kurmu\u015f” bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fka bir Ermenistan’\u0131n var oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek T\u00fcrkiye’nin andla\u015fmalar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferdi. \u0130smet Bey az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131m \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini sa\u011flamak ve onlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini garanti alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in “T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n tam bir memnunluk verecek \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini ve d\u00fczenlenmekte devam edece\u011fini” s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k askerlikten muaf tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131, “anayurdun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereken duygu birli\u011fini zedeleyece\u011fi i\u00e7in” sak\u0131ncal\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.\u00a0(14)<\/p>\n

\u0130smet Bey’e cevap vermek \u00fczere s\u00f6z alan Lord Curzon \u0130smet Bey’in Ermenilerle ilgili olarak \u00e7izdi\u011fi tablonun ger\u00e7eklere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Curzon’a g\u00f6re, e\u011fer \u00f6yle olsayd\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’da ya\u015fayan \u00fc\u00e7 milyon Ermeni’nin 130 bine inmesini, Frans\u0131z birlikleri Kilikya’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken “bu mutlu ve memnun soydan” 60 bin ila 80 bin ki\u015finin yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ailelerini b\u0131rakarak “ba\u015fka yerlerde yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak i\u00e7in” Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ka\u00e7malar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazd\u0131.\u00a0 E\u011fer durum \u0130smet Bey’in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi olsayd\u0131, \u015fimdi neden y\u00fczbinlerce Ermeni, T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin i\u00e7ten \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na ko\u015facak yerde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7menler olarak bulunuyordu? K\u0131sacas\u0131 neden bu Ermeni sorunu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en utan\u0131lacak olaylar\u0131ndan biriydi?<\/p>\n

Lord Curzon, T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Ermenilerle dost\u00e7a ya\u015famak istemekte oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmekten mutluluk duydu\u011funu, ancak ac\u0131nacak kal\u0131nt\u0131lar durumuna gelmi\u015f bir az\u0131nl\u0131kla iyi ge\u00e7inmenin kolay oldu\u011funu, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini T\u00fcrkiye ile Ermenistan’\u0131n ili\u015fkisine dikti\u011fini, bu mutsuz halk korumas\u0131z ve T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin insaf\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olursa D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ermenileri toparlamak i\u00e7in bir Ermeni Yurdu fikrini tekrar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Curzon T\u00fcrkiye’nin egemenli\u011fine ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kimsenin zarar vermek istemedi\u011fini,\u00a0 aksine herkes egemen ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir T\u00fcrkiye’nin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fckselmesini istedi\u011fini, ancak T\u00fcrkiye’nin kendisine yap\u0131lan her teklife ulusal onuruna b\u00fcr\u00fcnerek, teklifin egemen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmaz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6nledi\u011fini belirttikten sonra s\u00f6z\u00fc “T\u00fcrklerin s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu” Misak-\u0131 Milli’nin az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili 5. maddesine getirdi ve T\u00fcrklerin durumun ciddiyetini anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcrekli engeller \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fer b\u00f6yle devam ederse g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin kesilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0(15)<\/p>\n

\u201cErmenilere yurdu siz verin\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

14 Aral\u0131k’taki oturumda \u0130smet Bey, Lord Curzon’un Ermeni n\u00fcfusla ilgili iddialar\u0131na cevap verdi. \u0130smet Bey’e g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle 1915 \u00f6ncesi Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun 3 milyon oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Vital Cuinet’ye\u00a0(16)\u00a0g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,400 milyon, Encyclopaedia Britannica’ya g\u00f6re 1,500,000, resmi T\u00fcrk istatistiklerine g\u00f6re 1,290,000 ki\u015fiydi. \u00dcstelik bu rakamlardan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’ndan ayr\u0131lan topraklardaki Ermenileri d\u00fc\u015fmek gerekirdi. Frans\u0131zlarla giden Ermenilere gelince, bunlar\u0131 siyasal bir ama\u00e7 g\u00fcden Ermeni komitac\u0131lar\u0131 buna zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Do\u011fu vilayetlerindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman say\u0131s\u0131 (4 milyon) da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (2 milyon). Ancak bunlar \u00f6nemli de\u011fildi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc aynen Lord Curzon gibi \u0130smet Pa\u015fa da ge\u00e7mi\u015fi geride b\u0131rakmak istemekteydi! \u00d6te yandan T\u00fcrkiye’ye topraklar\u0131nda bir Ermeni Yurdu yaratmas\u0131n\u0131 empoze eden b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin Ermenilere yurd sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gayet geni\u015f topraklar\u0131 vard\u0131, yani e\u011fer Ermenileri o kadar \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlarsa Ermenilere yurdu B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletler verebilirdi!\u00a0(17)<\/p>\n

\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda, bu konu\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde Lozan Palas\u2019ta, eski Osmanl\u0131 Hariciye Naz\u0131rlar\u0131ndan Noradunkyan Efendi ile yan\u0131nda Pa\u015falyan adl\u0131 bir Ermeni\u2019nin kendisini ziyarete geldi\u011fini anlat\u0131r. \u0130kili ate\u015fli bir dille \u201cNerede olursa olsun, Ermeni yurdu olarak bize bir yer verin. Biz orada toplanal\u0131m, orada ya\u015fayal\u0131m\u201d demi\u015fti \u0130smet Bey\u2019e. \u0130smet Bey \u00f6nce \u201cHi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir \u015fey. \u0130\u00e7imizde bulunuyorsunuz. Size ait olmayan yerlerde toplanacaks\u0131n\u0131z ve orada bir devlet olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Nereden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131n\u0131z bunu?\u201d demi\u015f, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n giderek sertle\u015fmesi \u00fczerine kesin bir dille \u201cBiz bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyiz, kabul edemeyiz, yapamay\u0131z.\u201d demi\u015fti.\u00a0(18)<\/p>\n

May\u0131s 1918\u2019de kurulan Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilk bas\u0327bakan\u0131 olan Ohannes Kac\u0327aznuni, Lozan\u2019daki \u201cErmeni yurdu\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazacakt\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda ilk defa olarak ‘Home’ [Yurt] so\u0308zcu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308 telaffuz edildi ve kay\u0131tlara gec\u0327ildi. Sevr Antlas\u0327mas\u0131 tamamen unutulmus\u0327tu. Bag\u0306\u0131ms\u0131z Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n laf\u0131 gec\u0327miyordu, hatta o\u0308zerk iller bile an\u0131lm\u0131yordu; sadece etnik bir \u201chome\u201d, yabanc\u0131 evinde s\u0327aibeli bir yurt so\u0308z konusu ediliyordu. Bunun, direnen Ankara\u2019ya bar\u0131s\u0327 amac\u0131yla verilen son taviz oldug\u0306u ifade ediliyordu.\u00a0 \u201cHome\u201d bir talep olarak o\u0308ne su\u0308ru\u0308lmu\u0308yor, bir dost tavsiyesi ve rica olarak Tu\u0308rklerin insafl\u0131 dikkatlerine sunuluyordu. Bir komedi diyalogu gerc\u0327ekles\u0327mis\u0327ti. Hep kibar ve nazik olan Tu\u0308rkler, bu dost tavsiyesini geri c\u0327evirmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 ve ricay\u0131 yerine getiremedikleri ic\u0327in u\u0308zu\u0308ntu\u0308 duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ettiler. Mu\u0308ttefikler sadece bir umutsuzluk jesti sergilediler. Onlar \u201cbu\u0308tu\u0308n imka\u0302nlar\u0131 tu\u0308kettik, mu\u0308mku\u0308n olan ve olmayan her s\u0327eyi yapt\u0131k ve bahts\u0131z Ermeniler ic\u0327in bundan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapamay\u0131z\u201d diyorlard\u0131.”\u00a0(19)<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u0131za Nur\u2019un m\u00fccadelesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

14 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta toplanan Az\u0131nl\u0131klar Alt Komisyonu\u2019nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi temsil eden Dr. R\u0131za Nur, konferans boyunca \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d terminolojisi konusunda verece\u011fi sert sava\u015f\u0131n gerek\u00e7elerini \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlemi\u015fti:<\/p>\n

“F<\/em>renkler bizde ekalliyet diye \u00fc\u00e7 nevi biliyorlar: Irk\u00e7a ekalliyet, dilce ekalliyet, dince ekalliyet. Bu bizim i\u00e7in gayet vahim bir \u015fey, b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike. (\u2026) Irk tabiri ile \u00c7erkez, Abaza, Bo\u015fnak, K\u00fcrt, ilh\u2026yi Rum ve Ermeni\u2019nin yan\u0131na koyacaklar. Dil tabiri ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup ba\u015fka dil konu\u015fulanlar\u0131 da ekalliyet yapacaklar. Din tabiri ile halis T\u00fcrk olan iki milyon k\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 da ekalliyet yapacaklar. Yani bizi halla\u00e7 pamu\u011fu gibi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131p atacaklar. Bu taksimi i\u015fitti\u011fim vakit t\u00fcylerim \u00fcrperdi. K\u0131llar\u0131m sanki birer kaz\u0131k oldu. Bilekleri s\u0131vad\u0131m. B\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetimi bu tabirleri kald\u0131rmaya verdim. Pek u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131m. Pek m\u00fc\u015fkilat ile fakat kald\u0131rd\u0131m.”<\/em>\u00a0(20)<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de 15 Aral\u0131k\u2019taki oturumda R\u0131za Nur \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine soy ve din ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n girdi\u011fini, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de soy ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu belirten \u0130talya temsilcisi ve komisyon ba\u015fkan\u0131 Montagna\u2019ya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dini az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n oldu\u011funu fakat soy az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok ate\u015fli bi\u00e7imde savundu. Bundan sonraki oturumlarda R\u0131za Nur, ilgili tasar\u0131daki \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d teriminin \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinde \u0131srar etti. Venizelos buna itiraz etti ve g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekenin \u201culus\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. 23 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta \u0130ngiliz temsilcisi Sir Horace Rumbold ilgin\u00e7 bir teklifle geldi. E\u011fer T\u00fcrk heyeti 2. maddenin birinci paragraf\u0131ndaki \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d terimi yerine \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de oturan herkes\u201d teriminin konmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederse, kendisinin de \u00f6teki maddelerde \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d demeye raz\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtiyordu. Daha \u00f6nceki oturumlarda dini devletten ay\u0131ran bir medeni kanunu yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcstelik bunu Avrupa\u2019dan alacaklar\u0131 garantisini veren\u00a0(21)\u00a0R\u0131za Nur\u2019un itiraz\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130ngiliz \u00f6nerisi 26 Aral\u0131k oturumunda kabul edildi. Antla\u015fman\u0131n son \u015feklini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn, Rumbold \u201cErmeni, Nasturi, Asuri, Keldani\u201d \u015feklinde \u201culusal\u201d terminolojiyi kullan\u0131rken, T\u00fcrk Heyeti \u201cH\u0131ristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d teriminden ba\u015fkas\u0131na raz\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oturumdan \u00e7ekilmi\u015fti. Ancak sonunda T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131n\u0131n tezlerine yak\u0131n bir form\u00fclasyonda bulu\u015fulacakt\u0131. Bunun Bo\u011fazlar ve Kapit\u00fclasyonlar konusunda yap\u0131lacak sert pazarl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 bir taviz oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0(22)<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da \u201cErmeni Meselesi\u201d ile ilgili olarak kopar\u0131lan son taviz ise, \u201cBir yandan T\u00fcrkiye, \u00f6te yandan da \u00f6teki \u0130mzac\u0131 Devletler, 1 A\u011fustos 1914 tarihinden sonra ve 20 Kas\u0131m 1922 tarihinden \u00f6nce i\u015flenmi\u015f ve ceza gerektirir [punissable] a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00fct\u00fcn eylemler i\u00e7in genel af ilan etmeyi y\u00fck\u00fcmlenirler\u201d \u015feklindeki \u201cGenel Af\u201d karar\u0131yd\u0131. Metinde Ermeniler terimi ge\u00e7memekle birlikte, \u0130tilaf Devletleri nezdinde s\u00f6z konusu tarihler aras\u0131nda \u201cceza gerektirir\u201d eylemlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda 1915 Ermeni K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geldi\u011fi, 1918 Mondros M\u00fctarekesi sonras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in bask\u0131 yap\u0131lan Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rfi yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131ndan bilinmekteydi.\u00a0(23)\u00a0Bu tasar\u0131yla birlikte, Ermenilerin 1915\u2019le ilgili yarg\u0131lama taleplerinin de \u00fczerine ebediyen bir s\u00fcnger \u00e7ekiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019dan sonra tutulmayan s\u00f6zler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dahas\u0131 da vard\u0131. Lozan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk Heyeti\u2019nin Ermeniler konusundaki b\u00fct\u00fcn garantilerine ra\u011fmen 2 Mart 1923\u2019te Dr. R\u0131za Nur, T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131n\u0131n Lozan bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde izledi\u011fi politikay\u0131 Meclisteki gizli celsede uzun uzun anlat\u0131rken, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: “Akalliyetler [az\u0131nl\u0131klar] kalmayacakt\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z \u0130stanbul m\u00fcstesna olmak \u00fczere\u2026 (\u201cErmeniler?\u201d nidalar\u0131) Fakat arkada\u015flar, ka\u00e7 Ermeni vard\u0131r? (Yahudiler? sesleri) \u0130stanbul\u2019da otuz bin Yahudi vard\u0131r. \u015eimdiye kadar mazarrat iras etmeyen [ar\u0131za\/sorun \u00e7\u0131karmayan] insanlard\u0131r. (G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler) Museviler malum, nereye \u00e7ekilirse oraya giderler. Tabii, olmasalard\u0131 daha iyi olurdu derdim.”\u00a0(24)<\/em><\/p>\n

16 Mart 1923’te Mustafa Kemal Adana T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131 Esnaf Cemiyeti’nin \u00e7ay\u0131nda Adanal\u0131 esnaflara (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc dille) \u015f\u00f6yle seslendi:<\/p>\n

“Arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z s\u00f6ylevlerinde demi\u015flerdir ki, Adana’m\u0131za hakim olan di\u011fer unsurlar, \u015funlar, bunlar, Ermeniler sanat ocaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015fler ve bu memleketin sahibi gibi bir durum alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve k\u00fcstahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bundan fazlas\u0131 olamaz. Ermenilerin bu verimli \u00fclkede hi\u00e7bir hakk\u0131 yoktur. Memleketiniz sizindir, T\u00fcrklerindir. Bu memleket tarihte T\u00fcrk’t\u00fc, o halde T\u00fcrk’t\u00fcr ve sonsuza kadar T\u00fcrk olarak ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r. (\u2026) Ermeniler ve di\u011ferlerinin burada hi\u00e7bir hakk\u0131 yoktur. Bu bereketli yerler koyu ve \u00f6z T\u00fcrk memleketidir.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0(25)<\/em><\/p>\n

En \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde konuya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n b\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmesinden sonra gayrim\u00fcslimlere y\u00f6nelik \u201ctedbirler\u201d h\u0131zla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kondu. Haziran 1923\u2019te Yahudi, Rum ve Ermeni memurlar i\u015flerinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak yerlerine M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yahudilerin ve di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da serbest\u00e7e dola\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. Karar \u00f6yle ani olmu\u015ftu ki, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden memleketine d\u00f6nemedi, gitti\u011fi yerde mahsur kald\u0131. Bu yetmezmi\u015f gibi Yahudilerin Filistin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7melerine de engeller konulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda \u0130stanbul Milletvekili Ali R\u0131za Bey\u2019in 13 Ekim 1923 tarihli soru \u00f6nergesine, Naf\u0131a Vekili S\u00fcleyman S\u0131rr\u0131 Bey\u2019in d\u00f6rt ay sonra verdi\u011fi yan\u0131ttan \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00f6rne\u011fin Tramvay \u015eirketi\u2019nde 1923\u2019te 495 \u201cgayri T\u00fcrk\u201d varken, Ocak 1924\u2019te 139\u2019a indirilmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemler i\u00e7in T\u00fcnel \u015eirketi\u2019nde 29 \u201cgayri T\u00fcrk\u201d 4\u2019e indirilmi\u015fti. \u015eark Demiryollar\u0131\u2019na 130 Yahudi memur adedi 84\u2019e, 120 memur adedi 18\u2019e, 24 Katolik memur adedi 10\u2019a, 14 memur adedi 10\u2019a geriletilmi\u015fti. Terkos Su \u015eirketi\u2019nde 17 ecnebi, 103 Rum ve Ermeni vard\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n 109\u2019una \u201cvazifeyi b\u0131rakma telkin edilmi\u015fti.\u201d Naf\u0131a Vekili a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cher alt\u0131 ay nihayetinde bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu itilafnameyi tamamiyle tatbik edece\u011fiz\u201d \u015feklinde bitiriyordu.<\/p>\n

Soru \u00f6nergesinin sahibi Ali R\u0131za Bey ise, 1923\u2019\u00fcn May\u0131s ve Haziran aylar\u0131nda imtiyazl\u0131 \u015firketlerin Ankara\u2019ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni itilafname yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn memurlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fini, ama alt\u0131 ayda yap\u0131lacakken 7-8 ay ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen memurun ekserisinin gayri T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funu belirterek, \u201cve hatta amele bile T\u00fcrkle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Halen gayri T\u00fcrk olan anas\u0131r o \u015firketlerden ekmek yiyor. \u00d6b\u00fcr tarafta \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir\u00e7ok halk sefalet i\u00e7inde inliyor\u201d diye \u015fikayet ediyordu.\u00a0(26)<\/p>\n

Mahsub-u Umumi Kanunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131\u201d konusunda verilen s\u00f6zlerin \u00e7i\u011fnenmesine 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda devam edildi. Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi\u2019nin finansman\u0131 i\u00e7in 7-8 A\u011fustos 1921 tarihinde uygulanmaya ba\u015flayan Tekalif-i Milliye (sava\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) Emirleri\u2019nin 30 Ekim 1921 tarihinden itibaren son verilece\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Geri \u00f6demelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili 12 Nisan 1923 tarihli ve 328 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la toplam\u0131 6.003.663 TL. olan Tekalif-i Milliye bor\u00e7lar\u0131 hak sahiplerine \u00f6denmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, borcun %72.3’\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen 4.340.508 TL. tutar\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 3 Nisan 1924 tarihli ve 459 Say\u0131l\u0131 (k\u0131saca) Mahsub-u Umumi Kanunu\u2019nun\u00a0(27)\u00a02. maddesi gayri m\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu:<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ayr\u0131lan mahaller ahalisinden T\u00fcrk tebaas\u0131 olm\u0131yanlarla ecza-y\u0131 vatan\u0131n (vatan par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n) bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tefrike (ay\u0131rmaya) sai olmu\u015f (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f) olan siyasi z\u00fcmre ve te\u015fkilatlara mensup e\u015fhas\u0131n (\u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n) Hazinedeki matlublar\u0131 i\u015fbu kanundan m\u00fcstefit olamaz (faydalanamaz.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu kanunun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc TBMM Gizli Celse Zab\u0131tlar\u0131 (GCZ) okundu\u011funda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, Ermeni ve Rumlar\u0131n elindeki mazbatalar\u0131n mahsup edilmemesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel gayret sarfedilmi\u015fti. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane Mebusi Hasan Fehmi Bey\u2019in 3 Nisan 1924 tarihli oturumdaki \u015fu s\u00f6zleri bunun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

“Maddeden maksat tehcir (g\u00f6\u00e7en) ve tagayy\u00fcp eden (kaybolan) Rumlar\u0131n ve Ermenilerin tekalifi milliye ve harbiye mazbatalar\u0131n\u0131 mahsup etmemektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gerek harbi umumiye, gerek \u0130stiklal Harbine yine \u015earki Anadolu\u2019nun harabiyetine nas\u0131l Ermeniler sebebiyet verdi ise, Garbi Anadolu\u2019nun harabisine ve \u0130stiklal harbinin bu kadar \u00e7etin ve bu kadar memleketi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir hal almas\u0131na da Rumlar sebebiyet verdi. Binaenaleyh bu kanunla biz o muharebelerin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesiri maliyi kastediyoruz. Binaenaleyh Rumlar\u0131, Ermenileri bu tekalifi milliye mazbatalar\u0131n\u0131n edellerinden m\u00fcstefit etmemek i\u00e7n br \u00e7are d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. Fakat bunu a\u00e7\u0131k olarak Rum ve Ermeni diyeezdik. Muhteli \u015fekllr ve form\u00fcller yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Muhtelif \u015fekiller \u00fczerinde tetkikat yap\u0131ld\u0131. Nihayet en mahzurlu veyahut mahzursuz bu \u015fekli bulduk. (\u2026) Harb-i Umumi\u2019den evvel (\u2026) \u0130slamlar daha ticarete at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fillerdir. Pek mahdut \u0130slam ma\u011fazalar\u0131 vard\u0131. Baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde bir ka\u00e7 ma\u011faza vard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Binaenaleyh tekalifi harbiyenin by\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 onlardan (gayri M\u00fcslimlerden) al\u0131nd\u0131 ve mazbatalar onlar\u0131n elindedir. \u015eimdi biz burada do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Rumlar\u0131 m\u00fcstefit ettirmek istersek gayet azim milyonlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Halbuki Rumlar\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da kalanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 m\u00fcbadeleye tabidir, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 m\u00fcbadeleye gayri tabi, Ermenilerden memleket dahilinde bulunanlar vard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z Ankara\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7eresinde bug\u00fcn mendenizin tahminime g\u00f6re gayri m\u00fcslimlerin elinde herhalde d\u00f6rt be\u015fy\u00fcz bin liradan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bunlar\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar ne bir tanesi verilmi\u015ftir ve ne de mahsup edilmi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi e\u011fer bu maddeyi tayyedersek onlar da t\u00fcccardan Mehmet Efendi, Ahmet Efendi gibi bu haktan istifade etmesi laz\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0(28)<\/em><\/p>\n

Medeni Kanun ve \u201cferagat\u201d bask\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sirvart Malhasyan\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re 1926 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Ermenilerin Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kendilerine tan\u0131nan az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ip, yeni Medeni Kanun\u2019a tabi olmak istediklerini bildirmek i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019ya bir heyet g\u00f6nderme karar\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131 haberleri \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir de imza kampanyas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede 900 imza toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak heyet nedense bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc Ankara\u2019ya gidemiyordu. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, Millet gazetesinde e\u011fer Ermeniler az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7eceklerse \u201cO zaman T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir Ermeni Patri\u011fine de gerek yok. O zaman Ermeniler her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Patriklerine yol vermelidirler. \u0130kincisi de cemaat okullar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmal\u0131lar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc dini i\u015flerini Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri\u2019ne devretmelidirler. Aksi takdirde, T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Te\u00e2li Cemiyeti var olamaz. Te\u00e2li T\u00fcrklere ve devlete aittir\u201d \u015feklinde bir haber \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu atmosfer i\u00e7inde, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n mart ay\u0131nda Patrikhane\u2019de \u201cferagat mazbatas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in imza toplanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu arada Ermeni Cismani Meclisi\u2019nin feragat olay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu haberleri etrafta dola\u015f\u0131yordu. (Cismani Meclis, Ermeni cemaatinin sivil \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015fuyordu) Sonunda Ankara\u2019ya alt\u0131 y\u00fczden fazla imza ile gitmeyi ba\u015faran T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Te\u00e2li Cemiyeti temsilcisi Dr. Garabet Ya\u011fubyan, 13 Nisan 1926 tarihinde Marmara gazetesine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgrafta \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/p>\n

“Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz imza kampanyas\u0131 Cumhuriyet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ermenilerin \u015fimdilik Bursa, Yalova ve Yakac\u0131k, Alemda\u011f gibi kapl\u0131calar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlere serbest\u00e7e yolculuk edebilmesi i\u00e7in vilayete gereken emirleri verdi. Ermenilerin elde etti\u011fi bu haktan Rumlar ve Yahudiler de yararlanabilecektir. Ayr\u0131ca Ermenilerin iyi niyetlerini g\u00f6stermeye devam ettikleri s\u00fcrece daha pek \u00e7ok izinlere mazhar olaca\u011f\u0131na s\u00f6z vermi\u015flerdir.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyenlere daha \u00f6nce Ermenilerin Bostanc\u0131\u2019ya kadar bile seyahat etme izni olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan Dr. Ya\u011fubyan, en b\u00fcy\u00fck dileklerinin \u201cbir T\u00fcrk gibi T\u00fcrk olmak\u201d, di\u011ferinin ise bas\u0131nda art\u0131k \u201chain Ermeni\u201d ifadesinin kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak oldu\u011funu eklemi\u015fti. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn fedakarl\u0131klara, alttan almalara, tavizlere ra\u011fmen Ermenilerin Dr. Ya\u011fubyan taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ze d\u00f6k\u00fclen hayalleri bug\u00fcne dek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n

(Not: Bu yaz\u0131, Boyut Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan “\u0130lk ve Son Bar\u0131\u015f, 100. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan”<\/a>\u00a0kitab\u0131ndaki (s. 168-181) \u201cLozan Belgelerinde Ermeniler ve K\u00fcrtler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131n Ermeniler ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr)<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-TBMM Gizli Celse Zab\u0131tlar\u0131, cilt 3, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 1985, s. 972-1006.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

2-Lord Kinross,\u00a0Atat\u00fcrk, Sander Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1973, s. 552.<\/em><\/p>\n

3-R\u0131za Nur, Lozan Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1991, s. 5.<\/em><\/p>\n

4-\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, \u201c\u00d6ns\u00f6z\u201d,\u00a0Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, Tutanaklar-Belgeler, \u00c7eviren ve Derleyen: Seha L. Meray, Tak\u0131m 1, Cilt 1, Kitap 1, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1969, s. vi-vii. R\u0131za Nur ise a.g.e.\u2019inde \u201cBizde ne haz\u0131rl\u0131k var ne dosya var, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yok. (\u2026) Heyet-i Vekile bize giderken bir i\u00e7timada avu\u00e7 i\u00e7i kadar bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da s\u0131\u011fan bir talimat verdi.\u201d der. s. 19.<\/em><\/p>\n

5-\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc,\u00a0Hat\u0131ralar, Haz\u0131rlayan: Sabahattin Selek, Cilt II, Bilgi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, s. 51-56.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

6-\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc,\u00a0\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn Hat\u0131ralar\u0131 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Cilt I, Yenig\u00fcn Haber Ajans\u0131 Bask\u0131 ve Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul 1998, s. 51-56.<\/em><\/p>\n

7-\u0130leride s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011finece\u011fim T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Teali Cemiyeti\u2019ne dair bilgiler, Sirvart Malhasyan\u2019\u0131n \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi, Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen\u00a0\u201c\u0130stanbul`da 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Te\u00e2li Cemiyeti ve Faaliyetleri\u201d\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcksek lisans tezinden derlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

8-Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, Tutanaklar-Belgeler,\u00a0Tak\u0131m I, Cilt I, Kitap I, s. 180.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

9-a.g.e., s.180-184.<\/em><\/p>\n

10-a.g.e., s.185-187.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

11-a.g.e., s. 187-193<\/em><\/p>\n

12-a.g.e., s. 194-200.<\/em><\/p>\n

13-a.g.e., s. 204.<\/em><\/p>\n

14-a.g.e., s. 211-212.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

15-a.g.e., s. 216.<\/em><\/p>\n

16-Frans\u0131z co\u011frafyac\u0131 ve oryantalist Vital Cuinet,1880-92 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda D\u00fcyun-u Umumiye Meclisi \u0130daresi\u2019nin Genel Sekreteri olarak g\u00f6rev yaparken Anadolu’yu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlar\u0131 yedi ciltlik\u00a0La Turquie d\u2019Asie\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00f6neme dair g\u00fcvenilir referans kitaplar\u0131ndan biri say\u0131lan eser, hen\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmemi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

17-a.g.e., s. 220-221.<\/em><\/p>\n

18-\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc,\u00a0Hat\u0131ralar, cilt II, s. 79-83.<\/em><\/p>\n

19-Ovanes Kac\u0327aznuni,\u00a0Tas\u0327nak Partisinin Yapacag\u0306\u0131 Bir S\u0327ey Yok, C\u0327eviren: Arif Acalog\u0306lu, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2005, s. 71.<\/em><\/p>\n

20-Dr. R\u0131za Nur\u2019un Lozan Hat\u0131ralar\u0131,\u00a0Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1991, s. 83.<\/em><\/p>\n

21-a.g.e., s. 84.<\/em><\/p>\n

22-Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, Tutanaklar-Belgeler,\u00a0Tak\u0131m 1, Cilt I, Kitap 2, s. 152-158, 170-174.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

23-Davalar\u0131n geneli i\u00e7in:’Tehcir ve Taktil’ Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rfi Zab\u0131tlar\u0131, \u0130ttihad ve Terakki’nin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 1919-1922, Derleyenler:Vahakn N. Dadrian, Taner Ak\u00e7am, \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2009.<\/em><\/p>\n

24-TBMM Gizli Celse Zab\u0131tlar\u0131, cilt 4, s. 8.<\/em><\/p>\n

25-Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u00f6ylev ve Deme\u00e7leri,\u00a0Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Dille Yay\u0131na Haz\u0131rlayanlar: Prof. Dr. Ali Sevim, Prof. Dr. \u0130zzet \u00d6ztoprak, Prof. Dr. M. Akif Tutal, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, Ankara, 2006, s. 520.<\/em><\/p>\n

26-Nevzat Onaran,\u00a0Cumhuriyet\u2019te Ermeni ve Rum Mallar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi (1920-1930), cilt 2, Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s.182-196. Bu d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 tutum 31 Mart 1926\u2019da 788. Say\u0131l\u0131 Memurin Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cMemur olabilmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlar\u0131 haiz olmak laz\u0131md\u0131r\u201d diye ba\u015flayan 4. maddesin a f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk olmak\u201d ve M\u00fcstahdem olabilmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlar\u0131 haiz olmak laz\u0131md\u0131r\u201d diye ba\u015flayan 5\u2019inci maddesinin a f\u0131kras\u0131na \u201cT\u00fcrk olmak\u201d ifadeleri eklenerek kanunla\u015facakt\u0131. Kanun metni\u00a0i\u00e7in<\/a>:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

27-Kanun metni\u00a0i\u00e7in<\/a>: 59.pdf\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

28-TBMM Gizli Celse Zab\u0131tlar\u0131, cilt 4, s. 4.<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/28912\/100-yil-once-lozan-da-ermeni-meselesi-nasil-ele-alindi\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr \u0130smet Bey’e cevap vermek \u00fczere s\u00f6z alan Lord Curzon \u0130smet Bey’in Ermenilerle ilgili olarak \u00e7izdi\u011fi tablonun ger\u00e7eklere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Curzon’a g\u00f6re, e\u011fer \u00f6yle olsayd\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’da ya\u015fayan \u00fc\u00e7 milyon Ermeni’nin 130 bine inmesini, Frans\u0131z birlikleri Kilikya’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken “bu mutlu ve memnun soydan” 60 bin ila 80 bin ki\u015finin yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ailelerini b\u0131rakarak “ba\u015fka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":75241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-haklarimiz","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\n100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan'da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan'da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr \u0130smet Bey’e cevap vermek \u00fczere s\u00f6z alan Lord Curzon \u0130smet Bey’in Ermenilerle ilgili olarak \u00e7izdi\u011fi tablonun ger\u00e7eklere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Curzon’a g\u00f6re, e\u011fer \u00f6yle olsayd\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’da ya\u015fayan \u00fc\u00e7 milyon Ermeni’nin 130 bine inmesini, Frans\u0131z birlikleri Kilikya’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken “bu mutlu ve memnun soydan” 60 bin ila 80 bin ki\u015finin yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ailelerini b\u0131rakarak “ba\u015fka […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-24T07:53:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/07\/Lozan-3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"36 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan’da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-24T07:53:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240\"},\"wordCount\":7286,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/Lozan-3.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Haklar\u0131m\u0131z\",\"Makaleler\",\"Tarih Sayfalar\u0131\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240\",\"name\":\"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan'da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/Lozan-3.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-24T07:53:33+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/Lozan-3.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/Lozan-3.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":675},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=75240#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan’da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan'da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan'da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr \u0130smet Bey’e cevap vermek \u00fczere s\u00f6z alan Lord Curzon \u0130smet Bey’in Ermenilerle ilgili olarak \u00e7izdi\u011fi tablonun ger\u00e7eklere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Curzon’a g\u00f6re, e\u011fer \u00f6yle olsayd\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’da ya\u015fayan \u00fc\u00e7 milyon Ermeni’nin 130 bine inmesini, Frans\u0131z birlikleri Kilikya’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken “bu mutlu ve memnun soydan” 60 bin ila 80 bin ki\u015finin yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ailelerini b\u0131rakarak “ba\u015fka […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2023-07-24T07:53:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/07\/Lozan-3.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"36 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan’da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131?","datePublished":"2023-07-24T07:53:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240"},"wordCount":7286,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/07\/Lozan-3.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Haklar\u0131m\u0131z","Makaleler","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240","name":"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan'da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/07\/Lozan-3.jpg","datePublished":"2023-07-24T07:53:33+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/07\/Lozan-3.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/07\/Lozan-3.jpg","width":1200,"height":675},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75240#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lozan’da Ermeni meselesi nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=75240"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75242,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75240\/revisions\/75242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/75241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=75240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=75240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=75240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}