{"id":75146,"date":"2023-07-18T02:27:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T07:27:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75146"},"modified":"2023-07-18T02:27:35","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T07:27:35","slug":"sivas-ermenileri-bin-varmis-bir-yokmus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75146","title":{"rendered":"Sivas Ermenileri: Bin Varm\u0131\u015f, Bir Yokmu\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bir zamanlar 100 bine yak\u0131n Ermeni’nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sivas’ta bug\u00fcn 20 aile var. Okullar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k a\u00e7am\u0131yorlar, bir iki kilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ibadet edecek mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 yok. G\u00f6rkemli Surp Asdvadzadzin’in de y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, ellerinde ne bir okul ne de kilise kal\u0131yor.<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
Osman K\u00f6ker<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Sivas’\u0131 Mad\u0131mak katliam\u0131yla hat\u0131rl\u0131yor bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ku\u015faklar, Aleviler ve S\u00fcnniler aras\u0131ndaki gerilimle… Oysa Sivas’\u0131n tarihi bir zamanlar bu topraklar\u0131n \u00e7ok daha zengin bir insan kayna\u011f\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyor. Yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 patlak vermeden, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sivas iliyle hemen hemen ayn\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerlerini kapsayan Sivas Sanca\u011f\u0131, Ermenilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerden biriydi.<\/p>\n

Sivas Sanca\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n

1903 Vilayet salnamesine g\u00f6re Karahisar-\u0131 \u015earki sanca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan ve bug\u00fcn Sivas vilayetinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan Su\u015fehri ve Koyulhisar kazalar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 da hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131rsa, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sivas Vilayeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan topraklarda 393 bin 882 ki\u015fi ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn (2008 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re) bu alanda 631 bin 112 ki\u015fi ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Su\u015fehri ve Koyulhisar kazalar\u0131n\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfusu olan 53,298 ki\u015fi genel toplam n\u00fcfustan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa, Sivas Sanca\u011f\u0131’nda o tarihte ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfus 340 bin 584 ki\u015fi kadard\u0131. 1903’te 393 bin 882 olan Sivas’\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 78’ini (306 bin 331) M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, y\u00fczde 22’sini (87,551) gayri M\u00fcslim n\u00fcfus olu\u015fturuyordu. Gayri M\u00fcslim n\u00fcfus daha ziyade, Sivas merkez, Su\u015fehri, Tenos (\u015eark\u0131\u015fla), Hafik, Ko\u00e7giri (Zara), Divri\u011fi ve g\u00fcr\u00fcn kazalar\u0131nda yo\u011funluk kazan\u0131yordu. Y\u0131ld\u0131zeli ve Koyulhisar’da gayri M\u00fcslim n\u00fcfus yok denecek kadar azd\u0131. Gayri M\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 90’\u0131n\u0131 (77 bin 960) Ermeni, y\u00fczde 7’sini Rum (6 bin 46) ve y\u00fczde 3’\u00fcn\u00fc di\u011fer milletler te\u015fkil etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Ermeni kay\u0131tlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Ermeni patriklerinden Ma\u011fakya Ormanyan 1912’de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Ermeni Kilisesi” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ise sancaktaki Ermeni n\u00fcfusunu kilise kay\u0131tlar\u0131na dayanarak 97 bini Gregoryen, 5 bin 500’\u00fc Katolik, 2 bini Protestan olmak \u00fczere 104 bin 500 olarak verir. 1914 Osmanl\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda ise bu sancakta ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131, 78 bin 605’i Gregoryen, 2 bin 395’i Katolik, 1 bin 915’i Protestan olmak \u00fczere 82 bin 915 olarak ge\u00e7er. Farkl\u0131 kaynaklar, bu y\u0131llarda Sivas kent merkezinin 45 bine yak\u0131n olan n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Ermenilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan bahseder.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda eski ad\u0131 Sebastia olan bu \u015fehrin, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Armenia Minor adl\u0131 eyaletinin merkezi oldu\u011funu ve 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fudan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131rsak bu n\u00fcfus verilerinin hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k miras\u0131<\/h2>\n

Gregoryen Ermenilerin \u015fehirde Surp Asdvadzadzin, Surp Sarkis, Surp P\u0131rgi\u00e7, Surp Minas, Surp Hagop, Surp Kevork adl\u0131 alt\u0131 kiliseleri vard\u0131. Bunlardan, ana kilise olan Surp Asdvadzadzin Kilisesi’nin i\u00e7inde iki de \u015fapel bulunuyordu. \u015eehirde ilk H\u0131ristiyan \u015fehit ve piskoposlar\u0131ndan olan Sivasl\u0131 Surp Vlas ad\u0131na da bir \u015fapel vard\u0131. Sivasl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan da “evliya” olarak kabul edilen Surp Vlas’\u0131n Medrese mahallesindeki mezar\u0131 hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar hem de H\u0131ristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilirdi. Katolik Ermenilerin Surp Vlas adl\u0131 bir kiliselerinin bulundu\u011fu \u015fehirde Protestanlar\u0131n da iki kilisesi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ticaret ve zanaatlar<\/h2>\n

Ge\u00e7i\u015f yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan \u015fehrin ticari hayat\u0131nda eskiden beri Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar \u00f6nemli yerlere sahipti. Kuyumculuk, b\u0131\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, bak\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k, \u00e7e\u015fitli ah\u015fap i\u015fleri gibi zanaatlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan icra edilirdi. Sivas’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f han\u0131 olan Aramyan han\u0131n\u0131n kira geliri, Ermenilerin \u015fehirdeki en y\u00fcksek okullar\u0131 olan Tarkman\u00e7ats Mektebi’nin masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Di\u011fer Ermeni okullar\u0131n\u0131n da kendi giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kiraya verdikleri m\u00fclkleri vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Okullar<\/h2>\n

Ermeni okullar\u0131, erkek \u00f6\u011frencilerin okudu\u011fu Tarkman\u00e7ats, Aramyan, Nersesyan, P\u0131rgi\u00e7yan, Vartanyan; k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frencilerin okudu\u011fu H\u0131ripsimyan ve Bezikyan; k\u0131z ve erkek \u00f6\u011frencilerin birlikte okudu\u011fu Lusinyan, Sahagyan, Torkomyan, Rupinyan,<\/p>\n

M\u0131khitaryan Mektepleriyle Aramyan anaokuluydu. Katolik Ermenilerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Cizvitlerin okullar\u0131na devam ederlerdi. Protestanlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen sekiz okulun ve Norhadyan adl\u0131 \u00f6zel bir okulun bulundu\u011fu Sivas’ta Ermenilerin kendi yetimhanelerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u0130svi\u00e7reli misyonerlerin kurdu\u011fu bir yetimhane daha vard\u0131. \u015eehirde bir de Ermeni hastanesi bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr<\/h2>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u00e7e\u015fitli dernekleri, tiyatro gruplar\u0131 ve kumpanyalar\u0131 olan Sivasl\u0131 Ermeniler gazete ve dergi de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorlard\u0131. 1905-1907 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan “Ged”, 1909-1911 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00f6nce haftal\u0131k, daha sonra iki haftada bir yay\u0131nlanan “Antranig”, 1910-1914 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan haftal\u0131k gazete “Ho\u011ftar”; 1910-1913 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan ayl\u0131k dergi “N\u0131\u015fdrag”, 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan “A\u011favni”, 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan “Gapira”, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Sivas’ta \u00e7\u0131kan Ermenice s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlard\u0131. Sivas valili\u011finin resmi yay\u0131n\u0131 olan “Sivas” gazetesi de bir d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-Ermenice olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gazetenin edit\u00f6r\u00fc, vilayet matbaas\u0131n\u0131n da ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Antranik Vartanyan’d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Din<\/h2>\n

\u015eehrin birka\u00e7 km kuzeyindeki Surp Ni\u015fan Manast\u0131r\u0131 yak\u0131n vilayetlerden s\u00fcrekli olarak ziyaret\u00e7ilerin geldi\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir hac merkeziydi. \u0130\u00e7inde Surp Ni\u015fan, Surp Garabed ve Surp Asdvadzadzin adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 kilisenin bulundu\u011fu manast\u0131rda \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u0131ymetli yazma kitab\u0131n muhafaza edildi\u011fi bir de k\u00fct\u00fcphane vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Surp Asdvadzadzin Kilisesi ile Aramyan ve Tavityan Mekteplerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fehrin birka\u00e7 km d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Tavra k\u00f6y\u00fcnde 1.500 kadar Ermeni ya\u015f\u0131yordu. K\u00f6y\u00fcn yukar\u0131s\u0131nda Surp Hagop ve Surp Anabad adl\u0131 iki de manast\u0131r vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sivas \u00e7evresinde H\u0131ntragadar Surp Asdvadzadzin ve Surp H\u0131re\u015fdagabed adl\u0131 iki manast\u0131r daha yer al\u0131yordu. \u00c7ok geni\u015f bir araziye sahip olan Surp H\u0131re\u015fdagabed Manast\u0131r\u0131’n\u0131n i\u00e7inde Surp Garabed, Surp Asdvadzadzin ve Surp H\u0131re\u015fdagabed adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 de kilise bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Surp Sarkis Kilisesi’nin bulundu\u011fu P\u0131rknik (bg. \u00c7ayboyu); Surp Nigo\u011fayos ve Surp Yerrortutyun Kiliseleri ile Pakradunyan Mektebi’nin bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u015fhan (bg. \u0130\u015fhan\u0131), Surp Sarkis Kilisesi ile iki okulun bulundu\u011fu \u015eink\u00f6rek (bg. Esenyurt), Surp Hagop ve Surp Sarkis Kiliseleri ile bir okulun bulundu\u011fu Kaldi, Surp Sarkis Kilisesi ile iki okulun bulundu\u011fu Akkaya, Sivas \u015fehrinin hemen yak\u0131n\u0131nda, Ermenilerin yerle\u015fik oldu\u011fu k\u00f6ylerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131yd\u0131. Bunlardan en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Katolik olmak \u00fczere 2.000’i a\u015fk\u0131n n\u00fcfusu olan P\u0131rknik’ti.<\/p>\n

Yok edilen toplum<\/h2>\n

Burada g\u00f6rev yapan misyonerlerin zaman\u0131nda tuttuklar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve raporlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Talat Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n “kara kapl\u0131 defteri” gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131, bu n\u00fcfusun tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n 1915’te s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle misyonerlerin raporlar\u0131 ise bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn katliamlarla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. Din de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ya da de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f gibi yaparak burada kalanlar, 1918’den sonra \u015fehre geri d\u00f6nenler ve civardaki kaza ve k\u00f6ylerden toplananlar sayesinde Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde belli bir Ermeni n\u00fcfusu \u015fehirde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa da bunlar\u0131n ne ekonomik ne de sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00f6nden eski varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahsetmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Okullar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k a\u00e7am\u0131yorlar, bir iki kilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dini varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirecekleri mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 kalm\u0131yor. Vilayet binas\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00e7apraz\u0131nda \u015fehrin en \u00f6nemli yerindeki en g\u00f6rkemli bina olan ana kiliseleri Surp Asdvadzadzin’in sadece bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmalar\u0131na izin veriliyor. 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu kilisenin h\u00fck\u00fcmet eliyle dinamitler de kullan\u0131larak y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fehirdeki Ermenilere en b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe oluyor. Bu olayla “art\u0131k size burada yer yok” mesaj\u0131n\u0131 alan Ermenilerin \u015fehri terk etmesi h\u0131zlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bize kalan…<\/h2>\n

Bug\u00fcn Sivas”ta Ermenilerden geriye ne kald\u0131 diye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, (din de\u011fi\u015ftirerek burada ya\u015famaya devam eden ki\u015fileri saymazsak) 20 kadar aileden bahsedebiliriz. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Ermeniler her ne kadar konu kom\u015fuyla ili\u015fkilerinin \u00e7ok iyi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylese de, cemaat\u0131n patrikhane nezdinde temsilcisi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekten \u00f6te politik bir iddias\u0131, faaliyeti olmayan Minas Usta (Durmaz) hakk\u0131nda da bir \u00f6ld\u00fcrme plan\u0131n\u0131n son Ergenekon operasyonlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131rsak bu ailelerin nas\u0131l bir ortamda bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Mimari varl\u0131k olarak neler kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u015fehrin g\u00f6be\u011finde (art\u0131k m\u00fclkiyeti Ermenilerde olmayan) Ta\u015fhan’dan, Bezirci mahallesinde biri yeni sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan restore edilerek lokanto olarak i\u015fletilen, di\u011ferleri terk edilmi\u015f ve yar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131k durumdaki 10-15 eski Ermeni evinden, askeri garnizonun i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015f olan Surp Ni\u015fan Manast\u0131r\u0131’n\u0131n bir kilisesinden ve yine askeri b\u00f6lgedeki Surp Anabad Manast\u0131r\u0131’n\u0131n kilisesinden, eski Pirkinik k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki bir iki ev, iki de\u011firmen ta\u015f\u0131, al\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ermeni harfleriyle “Sahak” yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan bir kap\u0131dan ba\u015fka bir \u015feyden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Yani her \u015fey “Bir varm\u0131\u015f, bir yokmu\u015f” misali…<\/p>\n

https:\/\/m.bianet.org\/kurdi\/azinliklar\/115648-sivas-ermenileri-bin-varmis-bir-yokmus\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir zamanlar 100 bine yak\u0131n Ermeni’nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sivas’ta bug\u00fcn 20 aile var. Okullar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k a\u00e7am\u0131yorlar, bir iki kilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ibadet edecek mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 yok. G\u00f6rkemli Surp Asdvadzadzin’in de y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, ellerinde ne bir okul ne de kilise kal\u0131yor. Osman K\u00f6ker Sivas’\u0131 Mad\u0131mak katliam\u0131yla hat\u0131rl\u0131yor bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ku\u015faklar, Aleviler ve S\u00fcnniler aras\u0131ndaki gerilimle… Oysa Sivas’\u0131n tarihi bir zamanlar bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":75147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nSivas Ermenileri: Bin Varm\u0131\u015f, Bir Yokmu\u015f - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=75146\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sivas Ermenileri: Bin Varm\u0131\u015f, Bir Yokmu\u015f - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bir zamanlar 100 bine yak\u0131n Ermeni’nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sivas’ta bug\u00fcn 20 aile var. Okullar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k a\u00e7am\u0131yorlar, bir iki kilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ibadet edecek mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 yok. G\u00f6rkemli Surp Asdvadzadzin’in de y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, ellerinde ne bir okul ne de kilise kal\u0131yor. 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