{"id":74393,"date":"2023-06-05T02:44:07","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T07:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393"},"modified":"2023-06-05T02:44:07","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T07:44:07","slug":"nasturi-katliaminin-180-yilinda-bedirhan-beyin-torunu-ahmet-kardam-ile-soylesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393","title":{"rendered":"Nasturi Katliam\u0131’n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey’in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/div>\n
Sabri Atman<\/a><\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
“\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m yay\u0131nevindeki K\u00fcrt i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131m sayesinde elde edebildi\u011fim, K\u00fcrt tarih\u00e7isi Malm\u00eesanij\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘C\u0131zira Botanl\u0131 Bedirhaniler’ adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki \u015femalardan birinde babam ile amcama kadar uzanan aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce g\u00f6zlerime inanamad\u0131m: Babaannemin babas\u0131 Ali Galip Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n damat oldu\u011fu Necib Bey, Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci o\u011fluydu. Necib Bey\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131ndan biri Sariye han\u0131md\u0131. Ali Galip Pa\u015fa bu Sariye han\u0131mla evlenmi\u015fti. Bu evlilikten \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131zdan biri benim babaannem Nazire (Kardam) idi. Yani ben, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in be\u015finci ku\u015fak torunu oluyordum!”<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n

Asurlar\u0131n ana vatan\u0131 Dicle ve F\u0131rat nehirleri aras\u0131ndaki Mezopotamya’d\u0131r. Bu co\u011frafyadaki tarihleri binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayan\u0131r. Kilise tarihindeki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok ayr\u0131 isimle an\u0131ld\u0131lar. Nasturiler de bunlardan biridir. M.S. 431’de toplanan Efes Konsili’nde, teolojik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir kesim, Nastur’un \u0130sa’n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 \u00fczerine olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin reddedilmesi \u00fczerine yeni bir yol \u00e7izdiler. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri kabul edenler Nasturiler olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. K\u0131saca Nasturilik, ayn\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenden gelen halk aras\u0131nda Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yorumlar\u0131na inananlar\u0131n kendilerine farkl\u0131 bir yol \u00e7izmelerine verilen isimdir. Ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Kilisesi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/em><\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca, Nasturiler \u0130ran-Urmiye ve Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu iki b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Nasturilerin \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda Van ve Hakk\u00e2ri aras\u0131nda a\u015firetler olarak ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011fl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfuslar\u0131yla ilgili farkl\u0131 rakamlar vard\u0131r. 75.000 rakam\u0131n\u0131 telaffuz edenler oldu\u011fu gibi 150.000 rakam\u0131n\u0131 verenler de vard\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Sene 2007 olmal\u0131. \u201dAssyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans\u201d gibi bir\u00e7ok kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 olan H\u0131rm\u0131s Aboona ve ben, Firodil Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Londra’ya bir konferans i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Aboona, 1843 ve 1846’daki Nasturi katliamlar\u0131na; ben ise 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na odaklanacakt\u0131m. Aboona iki konuya vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lk nokta, Asur ulusal bilincinin yetersizli\u011fiydi ve halk\u0131n a\u015firetler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmesi \u00f6nemli bir sorun te\u015fkil ediyordu. D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte hareket edemiyorlard\u0131. \u0130kinci nokta, on binlerce Asurlunun katledilmesi ve bu katliamlardan hesap sorulmamasyd. Bu, 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Hakk\u00e2ri b\u00f6lgesindeki yerli Nasturi halk tamamen temizlenmi\u015fti. Demografi tamamen de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015fti. Nasturiler, on binlerce insanlar\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca mallar\u0131n\u0131 ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da kaybetmi\u015flerdi. Hayatta kalanlar, ba\u015fka diyarlara g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, katliam\u0131 yapanlar kazan\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em>
\nSa\u011f kurtulanlar, 1914 y\u0131l\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131nda Talat Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n Van valisine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir kararnameyle tehcir edildiler ve \u0130ran’\u0131n Urmiye ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde yeni bir hayat aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girdiler. Geri d\u00f6nmek isteriler ancak, Musul Valisine, 1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen telgrafta ‘Vatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmesinler’ emri vermi\u015fti.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"1900'lerde<\/em><\/div>\n
1900’lerde Hakkari’de bir grup Nasturi kad\u0131n (Kaynak: sosyal medya)<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti\u2019nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa da etnik temizli\u011fe son noktay\u0131 koyarak Nasturilerin vatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerine izin vermedi. Hakk\u00e2ri, on binlerce Asur’un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerdi, ancak bug\u00fcn yerlilerinden yoksun. Orada sadece baz\u0131 kilise harabelerinin izleri bulunabilir. Sa\u011f kurtulanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ise Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin Arizona eyaletinde, Chicago’da, Avustralya’da ve Kanada’da ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedirler.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmeyen sorular<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya’n\u0131n Saint Petersburg \u015fehrinde tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve dedeleri Hakk\u00e2ri as\u0131ll\u0131 olan Petros Gwargis, bana ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zleminin dedesinin ayak izlerini s\u00fcrmek ve Hakk\u00e2ri\u2019yi ziyaret etmek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Bu ama\u00e7la iki defa T\u00fcrkiye’ye gelmi\u015f ancak her geldi\u011finde Hakk\u00e2ri\u2019ye gitmenin g\u00fcvenli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti. Haftalar \u00f6nce kendisine haber g\u00f6nderdim. Bedirhan Bey\u2019in torunu Ahmet Kardam’la arkada\u015f oldu\u011fumu ve kendisiyle dedesinin Nasturilere katliamlar\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc konusunda s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6yledim. Bunun \u00fczerine Petros Gwargis\u2019in sorular\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmeyen bir \u015fekilde devam etti. \u0130lk sorusu “dedesi gibi mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor?” oldu. Hay\u0131r.. \u2018Ahmet Kardam katliamlar\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m oldu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n asla olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u2019, dedi\u011fimde, \u00e7ocuklar gibi sevindi. \u2018Peki \u015fimdi Hakk\u00e2ri\u2019ye gidebilir miyim\u2019, \u2018Oraya gitsem K\u00fcrtler beni d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00f6r\u00fcrler mi\u2019, \u2018\u00c7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131 yan\u0131ma al\u0131rsam ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bir \u015fey gelebilir mi?\u2019 \u015feklinde sorular\u0131n ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmedi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dile\u011fim, Ahmet Kardam\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu s\u00f6yle\u015finin en az\u0131ndan Asurlar ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131c\u0131 bir diyalo\u011fun olu\u015fmas\u0131na vesile olmas\u0131, bu y\u00f6nde yap\u0131lacak bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Agos\u2019ta okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bu yaz\u0131 s\u00f6yle\u015finin k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. S\u00f6yle\u015finin t\u00fcm\u00fc Seyfo Center sitesinden okunabilir.<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u00fctfen kendinizi okuyucular\u0131m\u0131za tan\u0131t\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fdum. \u0130lkokulu Ankara\u2019da bitirdim. Orta ve lise \u00f6\u011frenimimi Tarsus Amerikan Koleji\u2019nde tamamlad\u0131m. 1964\u2019te Ortado\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin \u00f6\u011frencisi oldum. 1969\u2019da \u00fcniversitenin \u0130dari Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi Ekonomi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden mezun oldum ve ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ekonomi asistan\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m. 12 Mart 1971 askeri darbesi sonucunda \u00fcniversitedeki g\u00f6revimden ayr\u0131lmak ve Hollanda\u2019da siyasi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olmak zorunda kald\u0131m. 1974 sonbahar\u0131nda genel af ilan edilince T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fcm. \u00c7e\u015fitli yay\u0131n evlerinde \u00e7evirmenlik ve redakt\u00f6rl\u00fck yapt\u0131m. 1976\u2019da Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam kitap olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. 1980\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan Politika gazetesinde genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmeni yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesinden sonra polis taraf\u0131ndan aranmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca siyasi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olarak Federal Almanya\u2019ya gitmek zorunda kald\u0131m. Bat\u0131 Berlin\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan T\u00fcrkiye Postas\u0131 gazetesinin genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmenli\u011fini ve k\u00f6\u015fe yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

1989 sonbahar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fcm, havaalan\u0131nda polis taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131m, Nisan 1991\u2019e kadar, bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l tutuklu kald\u0131m. 1993-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir kamuoyu ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketinin Ankara b\u00fcrosu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bilgi i\u015flem merkezi sorumlulu\u011funu yapt\u0131m. Bir arkada\u015f\u0131mla birlikte yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasi Kutupla\u015fmalar ve Se\u00e7men Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z 1998\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131. 1999-2008 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir yay\u0131nevinde \u00e7evirmen ve yazar olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00dcnl\u00fc sufi Mevlana hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m kitap 2007\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131. 2008\u2019de emekli oldum. Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerindeki Bedirhan Bey\u2019e ili\u015fkin belgeler \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam iki cilt halinde yay\u0131mland\u0131 (2011 ve 2013). T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin kurucusu ve ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Suphi \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam 2020\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131. E\u015fimle birlikte, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri \u0130zmir\u2019in Fo\u00e7a il\u00e7esinde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bat\u0131 Berlin\u2019de ya\u015fayan bir o\u011flumuz ve iki torunumuz var.<\/p>\n

Siz Bedirhan Bey\u2019in torunusunuz. K\u00fcrt oldu\u011funuzu, hem de Bedirhan Bey\u2019in torunu oldu\u011funuzu nas\u0131l ve ne zaman \u00f6\u011frendiniz? Bunun sizin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyan\u0131zda nas\u0131l bir etkisi oldu, ne hissettiniz? Daha \u00f6nce Bedirhan Bey hakk\u0131nda ne biliyordunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her \u015fey, baba-bir-anne-ayr\u0131 ablam Ekin (Kardam) Duru\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m 24 Aral\u0131k 1992 tarihli mektupla ve ekindeki Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir defter ve bu defterin daktilo edilmi\u015f transkripsiyonuyla ba\u015flad\u0131. Ablam\u0131n mektubunda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Babaannemiz \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, yani 1974 -1976 aras\u0131nda bir zaman, ablama bu zarfta g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi el yazmas\u0131 defteri vererek, \u201cBu defterde aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimizin biyografisi var, bunu sen sakla\u201d demi\u015f. Ablam, el yazmas\u0131 Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in okuyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu defteri ba\u015fka evraklar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7inde saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kutuya atm\u0131\u015f ve bir daha da d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakmam\u0131\u015f, ta ki bu mektubu kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1992 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar. Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f o defteri koydu\u011fu kutudan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p transkripsiyonunu yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f (Latin harflerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015f) ve \u015fimdi hem o defteri hem de Latin harflerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f halini bana y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 hediyesi olarak g\u00f6nderiyordu.<\/p>\n

Defterin yazar\u0131, babaannemin babas\u0131 Ali Galip Pa\u015fa\u2019yd\u0131. Ben do\u011fdu\u011fumda \u00e7oktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olan, hakk\u0131nda ad\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bilmedi\u011fim babaannemin babas\u0131 (yani babam\u0131n dedesi) Ali Galip\u2019in 59 y\u0131l \u00f6nce (1933\u2019te) yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu soluk sayfalara dokunmak bile kendi ba\u015f\u0131na yeterince heyecan vericiydi. Ama beni as\u0131l heyecanland\u0131ran, aile tarihine ili\u015fkin hi\u00e7 bilmedi\u011fim bir \u015feyi \u00f6\u011frenmem oldu: Ali Galip Pa\u015fa, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ilk n\u00fcvesi olan Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda T\u00fcrklerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olan Bizans tekfuru Mihal Kosses\u2019in\u00a0 s\u00fclalesinden geliyordu; yani Rum\u2019du. Bu yetmezmi\u015f gibi, 1882\u2019de, K\u00fcrt Bedirhan Bey\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci o\u011flu Necib Bey\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Sariye ile evlenmi\u015fti. Yani babaannem baba taraf\u0131ndan Rum, anne taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt\u2019t\u00fc!<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de \u201cK\u00f6se Mihal olarak an\u0131lan Michael Kosses\u2019in kim oldu\u011funu lise y\u0131llar\u0131mdaki tarih derslerinden \u00e7ok kabaca da olsa biliyordum. Fakat Bedirhan Bey hakk\u0131nda bir K\u00fcrt beyi olmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir bilgim yoktu. Babaannem, babam ve amcam art\u0131k hayatta de\u011fillerdi; onlara soramazd\u0131m. Annem hen\u00fcz ya\u015f\u0131yordu, ama kay\u0131nvalidesinin (babaannemin) ne babas\u0131 ne de annesi hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bilmiyordu. Hatta, kocas\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt oldu\u011fundan bile haberi yoktu; benden \u00f6\u011frendi! Hayatta olan ablam Ekin ile kuzenim N\u00fckhet, Bedirhan adl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrt beyi ile bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkimiz oldu\u011funu duymu\u015flard\u0131 ama hepsi bundan ibaretti. Bedirhan Bey kimdi, bizim onunla akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkimiz nas\u0131l bir \u015feydi \u2013 hi\u00e7bir fikirleri yoktu.<\/p>\n

\"Ahmet<\/em><\/div>\n
Ahmet Kardam<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

O zaman fark ettim ki, aile i\u00e7inde kendimi bildim bileli, babaannemin babas\u0131 ve annesi hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey konu\u015fulmazd\u0131. Babaannem, babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n Ali Galip olup Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in pa\u015fas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan \u00e7ok ender s\u00f6z ederdi, hepsi o kadar. Bedirhan\u00ee olan annesi Sariye han\u0131mdan s\u00f6z etti\u011fini hi\u00e7 duymad\u0131m.\u00a0 Babam\u0131n ad\u0131 da Ali Galip\u2019ti. Demek ki ona dedesinin ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdi; ama dedesinin ad\u0131n\u0131 bir kez olsun and\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duymad\u0131m; ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, \u015fimdi art\u0131k K\u00fcrt ve Bedirhan oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fim anneannesi Sariye Han\u0131m ise sanki hi\u00e7 var olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu i\u015fte, ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kartmam gereken bir gariplik vard\u0131! Babaannemin anne taraf\u0131ndan Bedirhan\u00ee oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftim. Ama bu nas\u0131l bir akrabal\u0131kt\u0131? Dedesi Necib, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in nesi oluyordu? Ben kimdim?<\/p>\n

Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ancak 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda bulabildim. O tarihte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m yay\u0131nevindeki K\u00fcrt i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131m sayesinde elde edebildi\u011fim, K\u00fcrt tarih\u00e7isi Malm\u00eesanij\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0C\u0131zira Botanl\u0131 Bedirhaniler<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki \u015femalardan birinde babam ile amcama kadar uzanan aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce g\u00f6zlerime inanamad\u0131m: Babaannemin babas\u0131 Ali Galip Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n damat oldu\u011fu Necib Bey, Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci o\u011fluydu. Necib Bey\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131ndan biri Sariye han\u0131md\u0131. Ali Galip Pa\u015fa bu Sariye han\u0131mla evlenmi\u015fti. Bu evlilikten \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131zdan biri benim babaannem Nazire (Kardam) idi. Yani ben, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in be\u015finci ku\u015fak torunu oluyordum!<\/p>\n

Hem ya\u015fam\u0131na ve m\u00fccadelesine ait ilk ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgileri bu K\u00fcrt tarih\u00e7isinin kitab\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim Bedirhan Bey\u2019e ili\u015fkin ar\u015fiv belgelerine dayal\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilmek, hem de Bedirhanlarla olan ili\u015fkimiz konusundaki aile i\u00e7i suskunlu\u011fun s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilmek en b\u00fcy\u00fck arzum haline gelmi\u015fti. Ama bunun i\u00e7in kendimi emekli ederek t\u00fcm zaman\u0131m\u0131 bu i\u015fe ay\u0131rmam gerekiyordu. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilece\u011fim maddi imk\u00e2nlara ancak dokuz y\u0131l sonra, 2007\u2019nin sonunda kavu\u015fabildim.<\/p>\n

2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi\u2019ne girerek Bedirhan Bey\u2019e (1806-1869) ili\u015fkin, Arap harfleriyle el yazmas\u0131 800 sayfa kadar ar\u015fiv belgesine ula\u015ft\u0131m. Bunlar\u0131n Latin harflerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in hem neredeyse bir servet hem de 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131cas\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in epey zaman harcay\u0131p, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla iki cilt kitap yazd\u0131m: Birinci cilt\u00a0Bedirhan Bey\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k direni\u015f ve isyan\u0131<\/em>, ikinci cilt\u00a022 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda ailenin Bedirhan Bey konusundaki suskunlu\u011funun s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7\u00f6zebildi\u011fimi san\u0131yorum: Babaannemin day\u0131s\u0131, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in torunu Abd\u00fcrrezak, ailenin Osmanl\u0131ya isyan edip ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc bir ferdiydi. 1906\u2019da \u0130stanbul Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddias\u0131yla \u00f6nce \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse mahk\u00fbm olmu\u015f, 1910\u2019da affedilince Rusya\u2019ya iltica ederek Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan kurmak amac\u0131yla Rus ordusuyla birlikte hareket eden silahl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrt g\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmeti onu yakalamak veya \u00f6ld\u00fcrtmek \u00fczere Rusya\u2019ya gizlice \u00f6zel suikast\u00e7\u0131lar g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, 1917 Sosyalist Devrimi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekilmesi \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 ordu mensuplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Tiflis\u2019te yakalanarak veya d\u00f6nmeye ikna edilerek 1918\u2019de \u015eam\u2019a getirtilmi\u015f ve orada zehirlenerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p yerine T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduktan sonra, 1927\u2019de, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in mecliste okudu\u011fu \u00fcnl\u00fc Nutkunda Bedirhan\u00eeleri rejim i\u00e7in bir tehdit olarak anmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, babaannemin ailesinin (anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n, kendisinin ve e\u015finin), sonraki ku\u015faklar\u0131 koruyabilmek endi\u015fesiyle, ailenin Bedirhan\u00ee k\u00f6kenlerini gizleyerek onlar\u0131 birer \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d olarak yeti\u015ftirme karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vard\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\"Hoybun<\/em><\/div>\n
Hoybun kongresi, 1927, L\u00fcbnan<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Bu \u015fekilde, ailemin baba taraf\u0131n\u0131n, onlar\u0131 K\u00fcrt d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan koruyabilmek amac\u0131yla, yeni ku\u015faklar\u0131n iliklerine kadar asimile edilip T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesine raz\u0131 olmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 beni derinden etkiledi ve \u00e7ok \u00f6fkelendirdi. Ama en \u00f6nemlisi, ben b\u00f6ylece, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuksuzlu\u011fun, demokrasi ve temel insan haklar\u0131 yoksunlu\u011funun tarihsel k\u00f6kenleri konusunda iliklerime kadar i\u015fleyen derin bir ayd\u0131nlanma ya\u015fad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Siz b\u00fcy\u00fck dedeniz Bedirhan Bey\u2019in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Nasturi katliam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde Soyk\u0131r\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendiriyorsunuz. Bunu bize biraz a\u00e7ar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? Ne t\u00fcr olaylar meydana geldi? Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayanarak katledilen Nasturilerin say\u0131s\u0131 ne kadard\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bedirhan Bey\u2019in Nastur katliam\u0131, biri 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda di\u011feri 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere, iki etapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Birinci etap 1843 Haziran ay\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131p a\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci etap \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra, 1846 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde ba\u015flay\u0131p, Ekim ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde sonlan\u0131r. Her iki sald\u0131r\u0131da da Bedirhan Bey\u2019in askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000\u2019dir. Birinci harekatta katledilen Nasturi n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000, ikinci harekatta ise bunun iki kat\u0131, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 20.000\u2019dir. Gabriele Yonan\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgedeki toplam Nasturi n\u00fcfusu 100 bin dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. E\u011fer \u00f6yleyse, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in bu iki katliam seferiyle Nasturi n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te birini yok etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu bile, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, bu katliam\u0131n bug\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131staslar\u0131yla eksiksiz bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye yeter. Ama kan\u0131mca, bu olay\u0131 \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d yapan sadece ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren Nasturilerin say\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

1843 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki birinci katliam, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in Nasturilere sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrt ordusunun ilk b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Diz b\u00f6lgesine do\u011fru hareketiyle ba\u015flar. On binlik K\u00fcrt ordusu, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in askerlerine ilaveten Hakk\u00e2ri beyi Nurullah\u2019\u0131n, Am\u00eadiyeli \u0130smail Bey\u2019in, Ota\u015f\u0131 a\u015firetinin ve Tatarhan A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n askerlerini de i\u00e7ermektedir. Nasturilerin askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc K\u00fcrtlerinkinden daha fazlad\u0131r: 15 bin. Fakat Nasturiler aras\u0131nda birlik yoktur. Bunun nedeni Patrik Mar \u015eamun\u2019un \u0130ngiliz ve Amerikal\u0131 misyonerlerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmas\u0131na ve misyonerlerin Nasturileri eski inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc faaliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan tepkidir. \u00d6zellikle Thuma b\u00f6lgesindeki Nasturiler aras\u0131nda Mar \u015eamun\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir muhalefet vard\u0131r \u2013 o kadar ki, bu b\u00f6lge katliam s\u0131ras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin taraf\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Nasturilerin Bedirhan Bey kuvvetleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yenilmelerinin nedeninin bu \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fck\u201d oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt kuvvetleri ilk hedef olan Diz\u2019e 6 Haziran 1843 g\u00fcn\u00fc var\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Zap suyunu ge\u00e7erken g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir diren\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fsalar da, say\u0131ca daha az olan Nasturiler geri \u00e7ekilir. K\u00fcrtler \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca, \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131, kad\u0131n, erkek ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmadan Nasturilere a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdirir. Diz, Patrik Mar \u015eamun\u2019un evinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedir, ama kendisi sald\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda A\u015fita\u2019da oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in katliamdan kurtulur. Fakat annesi ile erkek karde\u015flerinden biri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr; \u00fc\u00e7 erkek karde\u015fi ile k\u0131z karde\u015fi esir al\u0131n\u0131r. Di\u011fer iki karde\u015fi ka\u00e7arak canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt ordusunun Diz\u2019e sald\u0131ran bu ilk birli\u011fi Bedirhan Bey ile Nurullah Bey\u2019in getirecekleri takviye kuvvetlerini beklerken, al\u0131nan esirler Bohtan da\u011flar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bedirhan Bey Bohtan\u2019dan Tiyari b\u00f6lgesinin kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131na ilerlemekteyken, Musul valisi Mehmed Pa\u015fa da 800 ki\u015filik bir Osmanl\u0131 birli\u011fini Tiyari b\u00f6lgesinin g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131na konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu birlik, Patrik Mar \u015eamun\u2019a verilmi\u015f olan yard\u0131m s\u00f6z\u00fcne ra\u011fmen Nasturilere yard\u0131m etmeyip, bir tehdit ve \u015fantaj unsuru olarak katliama seyirci kal\u0131r. O arada, baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt birlikleri de do\u011fudan herhangi bir yard\u0131m gelmesin veya o tarafa ka\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n diye, Tiyari\u2019nin do\u011fusundaki ge\u00e7itleri tutarlar. B\u00f6ylece Tiyari Nasturileri kuzeyden Bedirhan Bey, g\u00fcneyden de Mehmed Pa\u015fa kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan, do\u011fuya da ka\u00e7amayacaklar\u0131 \u015fekilde ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurlar. Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde, Revanduz\u2019dan hareket eden bir K\u00fcrt birli\u011fi de Bedirhan Bey ile Nurullah Bey\u2019e yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak, \u201cdin u\u011fruna sava\u015fmak\u201d amac\u0131yla Tiyari\u2019ye do\u011fru ilerlemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Tiyari\u2019ye kuzeyden giren Bedirhan Bey\u2019in ilk hedefi \u00c7amba k\u00f6y\u00fc olur. Katliamdan sa\u011f kurtulup esir d\u00fc\u015fenler aras\u0131nda Melik \u0130smail\u2019in kar\u0131s\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Melik ise sava\u015f\u0131rken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fclle yaras\u0131yla, kal\u00e7as\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131k olarak bir ma\u011faraya saklan\u0131rsa da, K\u00fcrtler onu orada bulup s\u00fcr\u00fckleye s\u00fcr\u00fckleye Bedirhan Bey\u2019in \u00f6n\u00fcne getirdiklerinde bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 darbesiyle bizzat Bedirhan Bey taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00c7amba\u2019dan sonraki hedef, hemen g\u00fcneydeki Serspidion olur. K\u00f6y yerle bir edilir, bah\u00e7e ve tarlalar mahvolur. Zap Suyu ge\u00e7ilip Mar Sava kilisesi ate\u015fe verilir; b\u00fcy\u00fck kemer ve duvarlar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan Bedirhan Bey Zap Suyu boyunca g\u00fcneye, A\u015fita\u2019ya do\u011fru ilerler. Yol \u00fcst\u00fcndeki Minyani\u015f k\u00f6y\u00fcnde 12 aile d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herkes katledilir.<\/p>\n

Tiyarili Nasturiler Bedirhan Bey\u2019i iki saat ileride kar\u015f\u0131larlar. \u0130ki kuvvet aras\u0131nda sabahtan ikindiye kadar s\u00fcren sava\u015f sonunda Nasturiler geri \u00e7ekilip Zap suyunun \u00f6teki yakas\u0131na ge\u00e7erlerken k\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc y\u0131karlar. Zap suyunu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sallarla ge\u00e7en Bedirhan Bey kuvvetleri ka\u00e7anlarla iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcren bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girerler ve sonunda Nasturiler bozguna u\u011frar. A\u015fita\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, Zeynel Bey ad\u0131nda bir m\u00fcttefikini bir miktar askerle birlikte A\u015fita\u2019ya y\u00f6netici tayin eder. Katliam s\u0131ras\u0131nda Nasturilerin da\u011flara saklad\u0131klar\u0131 veya emin yerlere g\u00f6md\u00fckleri elyazmas\u0131 kutsal kitaplar, onlar\u0131 gizleyen papazlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in bir daha bulunamaz.<\/p>\n

A\u015fita\u2019daki katliam\u0131n haberi Lizan vadisi boyunca duyulmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, A\u015fita\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda, aralar\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu Lizan halk\u0131ndan bin ki\u015fi, ancak da\u011f ke\u00e7ilerinin t\u0131rmanabilece\u011fi y\u00fcksek ve eri\u015filmesi neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir platforma \u00e7\u0131karak kendilerini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131 oradan g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak indiremeyece\u011fini anlayan Bedirhan Bey etraflar\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatarak beklemeye ba\u015flar. Erzak ve sular\u0131 biten Nasturiler \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra teslim olmak zorunda kal\u0131rlar. Bedirhan Bey\u2019den canlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131ktan sonra silahlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmeye raz\u0131 olurlar. Platforma girmelerine izin verilen K\u00fcrt kuvvetleri, Nasturilerin silahlar\u0131n\u0131 toplay\u0131p hepsini k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irmeye ve yorulunca da geri kalanlar\u0131 u\u00e7urumdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atmaya ba\u015flarlar.<\/p>\n

Katliam\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde A\u015fita\u2019da bulunan Patrik Mar \u015eamun yan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir karde\u015fi ve A\u015fital\u0131 papaz Abraham ve ailesi ile birlikte 27 Temmuz 1843 g\u00fcn\u00fc Musul\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131r ve orada \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Musul konsolos vekili Rassam\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak Musul valisi Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019dan Bedirhan Bey\u2019in satmak amac\u0131yla ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 esirlerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na, ya\u011fmalanan mal ve e\u015fyalar\u0131n iadesine ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrmekte olan katliam\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Vali Mehmed Pa\u015fa, Nasturilere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in Mar \u015eamun\u2019un ve t\u00fcm Nasturilerin \u00f6nce kendisine biat etmelerini \u015fart ko\u015far, ama Mar \u015eamun bu ko\u015fulu kabul etmez.\u00a0 \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Musul konsoloslu\u011fu da esirlerin yerlerine iadesini Musul valisinden talep eder. Fakat ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131t, \u201cBu konuda devletten herhangi bir emir gelmedi\u011fi\u201d \u015feklinde olur.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla, katliam 1843 A\u011fustos ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrer. Canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabilen Nasturiler y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar halinde g\u00fcneydeki Musul\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaktad\u0131rlar. Fakat e\u011fer yollar\u0131 Berwari\u2019den ge\u00e7iyorsa, oran\u0131n beyi (ve A\u015fita\u2019ya y\u00f6netici tayin edilmi\u015f Zeynel Bey\u2019in amcas\u0131) Abd\u00fclsamet Bey\u2019in emriyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmektedirler.<\/p>\n

A\u015fital\u0131 Nasturiler, ba\u015flar\u0131na y\u00f6netici olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Zeynel Bey\u2019in zalim y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 Kas\u0131m 1843\u2019de ayaklan\u0131rlar. Bunun \u00fczerine Bedirhan Bey A\u015fita \u00fczerine tekrar asker sevk eder ve 500-600 dolay\u0131nda n\u00fcfusu katlettirir.<\/p>\n

Kendisiyle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in dokunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Thuma b\u00f6lgesi hari\u00e7, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in Diz ve Tiyari b\u00f6lgesinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katliam\u0131n bilan\u00e7osu \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. Gabriele Yonan\u2019a g\u00f6re, bu b\u00f6lgede Timur\u2019un Mo\u011fol ak\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bile bu kadar korkun\u00e7 bir katliam ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Tiyari\u2019deki toplam Nasturi n\u00fcfusun be\u015fte biri katledilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Austen Henry Layard\u2019a g\u00f6re, katliam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc bilan\u00e7osu 10.000\u2019dir.\u00a0 \u00c7ok say\u0131da kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk esir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 esir pazarlar\u0131nda sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da hat\u0131rl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara hediye edilmi\u015ftir. Canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131p Musul\u2019a y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan Nasturiler aras\u0131nda ise, bir s\u00fcre sonra Tif\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flar, bir\u00e7o\u011fu da b\u00f6yle \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci katliam nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra, 1846\u2019da, Bedirhan Bey Nasturilere y\u00f6nelik ikinci bir katliam hareketine daha giri\u015fir. Birinci katliam\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Nasturiler aras\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc misyoner faaliyeti durmu\u015ftur. Patrik Mar \u015eamun bile b\u00f6lgeye gidip ruhani i\u015flevlerini yerine getirememektedir. Birinci katliam s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan felakete ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn haberlerin kayna\u011f\u0131 esas olarak Mar \u015eamun ve misyonerlerdi. Bu kaynak art\u0131k mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu ikinci katliam\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgilerimizin kayna\u011f\u0131 sadece, o tarihlerde Ninova harabelerinde arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar yapmakta olan Austen Henry Layard\u2019d\u0131r. 1846 A\u011fustosu sonlar\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeyi gezen Layard, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki katliamdan kurtulduklar\u0131na sevinen Thumal\u0131 Nasturilerin art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bir endi\u015fe i\u00e7inde, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n bitimiyle birlikte kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kad\u0131nlar tak\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve mutfak e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 emin yerlere g\u00f6mmekle, erkekler de silahlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakla, barut imal etmekle me\u015fguld\u00fcr. Baz y\u00f6resindeki Nasturiler de kilise kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 ve e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 saklamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Musul\u2019a giden yol K\u00fcrtlerin egemenli\u011fi ve kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kopuktur.<\/p>\n

Bedirhan Bey Ramazan\u2019dan hemen sonra, 23-26 Eyl\u00fcl 1846 tarihleri aras\u0131nda bir g\u00fcn, 10 bin ki\u015filik bir kuvvetle Tiyari da\u011flar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek Thuma\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131r. Yol boyunca \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen a\u015firetleri talan edip haraca ba\u011flar. Meliklerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sava\u015fan Thuma bir s\u00fcre direnirse de say\u0131ca \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yenik d\u00fc\u015fer. Kimse ay\u0131rt edilmeden yeni bir katliam daha yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u00fcz kadar kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk Baz\u2019a ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilir. En g\u00fczel k\u00f6yler, bah\u00e7eleriyle birlikte yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r, kiliseler yerle bir edilir. Hemen hemen n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar aras\u0131nda melik Ka\u015fa Bodaka adl\u0131 papaz, Nasturi ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en bilgili insan\u0131 Ka\u015fa Oraha ve Ka\u015fa Kana da vard\u0131. Bedirhan Bey Thuma\u2019dan \u00e7ekildikten sora, nas\u0131lsa sa\u011f kalm\u0131\u015f birka\u00e7 k\u00f6yl\u00fc harap olmu\u015f k\u00f6ylerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde, bu sefer de \u00fczerlerine, gizlenmi\u015f para ve alt\u0131nlar\u0131n yerini bildiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Nurullah Bey \u00e7\u00f6ker. Layard\u2019\u0131n deyi\u015fiyle, \u201cbu g\u00fczel topraklar i\u015fte b\u00f6yle yok edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Musul konsoloslu\u011funun \u0130stanbul\u2019a bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u201cBedirhan Bey erkek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk 20.000\u2019den fazla insan katletmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce 1843\u2019teki birinci katliam, ard\u0131ndan 1846 sonbahar\u0131nda d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ikinci katliam, 1847 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki yenilgisinin belirleyici vesilesi olur. Hem birinci ve hem de ikinci katliam\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Bedirhan Bey\u2019in derhal tasfiye edilmesi konusunda Osmanl\u0131 \u00fczerindeki a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131lar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimini, tersi durumda belki de \u00e7ok daha uzun bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6ze alamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir askeri operasyona giri\u015fmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131r. Nasturi katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in liderli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fcyen K\u00fcrt direni\u015fi b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n hedef tahtas\u0131 haline gelir. Bu durum K\u00fcrt hareketinin ezilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin eline aray\u0131p da bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Chicago, Arizona ve Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 eyaletlerinde do\u011fmu\u015f ve kendilerini Hakkarili olarak bilen on binlerce Asuri\u2019ye ve \u00f6teki k\u0131talarda ya\u015fayan di\u011fer Asurilere herhangi bir mesaj vermek ister misiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sevgili Asurlu karde\u015flerime na\u00e7izane s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fim \u015fey \u015fu olabilir:<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck dedem Bedirhan Bey\u2019in atalar\u0131n\u0131za yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu katliam\u0131n hesab\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015fke do\u011frudan kendisine sorma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olabilseydiniz! O\u2019nun hesab\u0131n\u0131 vermek, galiba \u00f6ncelikle, bana d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu hesapla\u015fmay\u0131, y\u00fczle\u015fmeyi 12 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Bedirhan Bey \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m kitapta yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. T\u0131pk\u0131 \u015fimdi oldu\u011fu gibi, yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131m her f\u0131rsatta bu y\u00fczle\u015fmeyi tekrarl\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Say\u0131n Sabri Atman Bey yukar\u0131daki sorular\u0131n\u0131 bana g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi e-posta mesaj\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eundan emin olun, anne-babalar\u0131 ve kendileri Chicago’da do\u011fan, ancak \u201cnerelisiniz\u201d diye sorulu\u011funda \u201cHakkariliyim\u201d diyecek binlerce insan var. Bunlar haf\u0131zalar\u0131nda bir Hakk\u00e2ri\u2019nin bir de Bedirhan Bey’in ad\u0131n\u0131 tutarlar. Bu durum ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa bu \u015fekilde aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. Oysa onlara, \u201cd\u00fcnya haritas\u0131nda Hakk\u00e2ri’nin yerini g\u00f6sterin\u201d diyecek olsan\u0131z, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bunu yapamayacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011fimi, ruhumu nas\u0131l ac\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemezsiniz!<\/p>\n

L\u00fctfen \u015funu unutmayal\u0131m: Hi\u00e7bir ulusun veya halk\u0131n t\u00fcm mensuplar\u0131 ne toptan \u201ciyi\u201d ne de toptan \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr. Bir ki\u015finin veya grubun veya sosyal kesimin yap\u0131p ettikleri mensubu olduklar\u0131 ulusa veya halka mal edilemez, edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin sorunlar\u0131yla bo\u011fu\u015fuyor. O sorunlarla y\u00fczle\u015fmedik\u00e7e insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, demokratik bir hukuk devletine sahip olamayaca\u011f\u0131z. Art\u0131k bu topraklarda maalesef ne Rumlar var ne Ermeniler var ne Asurlular var ne de di\u011fer kadim halklar ve topluluklar. Ama onlarla \u2013e\u011fer daha fazla de\u011filse bile\u2013 ayn\u0131 derecede ezilmi\u015f, katledilmi\u015f, s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, asimile edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f K\u00fcrtler var. Direniyorlar, yok edilemiyorlar; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin di\u011fer ilerici, demokrat g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle yan yana hak, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u015fitlik m\u00fccadelesi veriyorlar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi en temel haklar\u0131n kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, demokrasinin, hukukun ve e\u015fitli\u011fin egemen oldu\u011fu, ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle hesapla\u015f\u0131p bar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclke haline gelmesi i\u00e7in verilen bu zorlu \u00e7abaya l\u00fctfen elinizden geldi\u011fince destek olun. K\u00fcrtlerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131klar, u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131mlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sessiz kalmay\u0131n. \u0130nanc\u0131m o ki, hepimizin y\u00fcre\u011fini yak\u0131p sonraki ku\u015faklara miras b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ate\u015f bu m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131yla s\u00f6necek.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/28718\/nasturi-katliami-nin-180-yilinda-bedirhan-bey-in-torunu-ahmet-kardam-ile-soylesi\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sabri Atman \u00a0 “\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m yay\u0131nevindeki K\u00fcrt i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131m sayesinde elde edebildi\u011fim, K\u00fcrt tarih\u00e7isi Malm\u00eesanij\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘C\u0131zira Botanl\u0131 Bedirhaniler’ adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki \u015femalardan birinde babam ile amcama kadar uzanan aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce g\u00f6zlerime inanamad\u0131m: Babaannemin babas\u0131 Ali Galip Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n damat oldu\u011fu Necib Bey, Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci o\u011fluydu. Necib Bey\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131ndan biri Sariye han\u0131md\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":74395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nNasturi Katliam\u0131'n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey'in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nasturi Katliam\u0131'n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey'in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sabri Atman \u00a0 “\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m yay\u0131nevindeki K\u00fcrt i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131m sayesinde elde edebildi\u011fim, K\u00fcrt tarih\u00e7isi Malm\u00eesanij\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘C\u0131zira Botanl\u0131 Bedirhaniler’ adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki \u015femalardan birinde babam ile amcama kadar uzanan aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce g\u00f6zlerime inanamad\u0131m: Babaannemin babas\u0131 Ali Galip Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n damat oldu\u011fu Necib Bey, Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci o\u011fluydu. Necib Bey\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131ndan biri Sariye han\u0131md\u0131. […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-05T07:44:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"648\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"25 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Nasturi Katliam\u0131’n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey’in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-05T07:44:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393\"},\"wordCount\":5084,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler\",\"M\u00fclakatlar\",\"Tarih Sayfalar\u0131\",\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393\",\"name\":\"Nasturi Katliam\u0131'n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey'in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-05T07:44:07+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":648},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=74393#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Nasturi Katliam\u0131’n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey’in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nasturi Katliam\u0131'n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey'in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nasturi Katliam\u0131'n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey'in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Sabri Atman \u00a0 “\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m yay\u0131nevindeki K\u00fcrt i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131m sayesinde elde edebildi\u011fim, K\u00fcrt tarih\u00e7isi Malm\u00eesanij\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘C\u0131zira Botanl\u0131 Bedirhaniler’ adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki \u015femalardan birinde babam ile amcama kadar uzanan aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce g\u00f6zlerime inanamad\u0131m: Babaannemin babas\u0131 Ali Galip Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n damat oldu\u011fu Necib Bey, Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci o\u011fluydu. Necib Bey\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131ndan biri Sariye han\u0131md\u0131. […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2023-06-05T07:44:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":648,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"25 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Nasturi Katliam\u0131’n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey’in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi","datePublished":"2023-06-05T07:44:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393"},"wordCount":5084,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler","M\u00fclakatlar","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393","name":"Nasturi Katliam\u0131'n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey'in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg","datePublished":"2023-06-05T07:44:07+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/1900lerde-Hakkaride-Asurlar-1.jpg","width":800,"height":648},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74393#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Nasturi Katliam\u0131’n\u0131n 180. y\u0131l\u0131nda Bedirhan Bey’in torunu Ahmet Kardam ile s\u00f6yle\u015fi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=74393"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74396,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74393\/revisions\/74396"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/74395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=74393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=74393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=74393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}