{"id":74237,"date":"2023-05-25T02:58:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-25T07:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74237"},"modified":"2023-05-25T02:58:29","modified_gmt":"2023-05-25T07:58:29","slug":"tarihte-iz-birakmis-bir-aile-karasu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74237","title":{"rendered":"Tarihte iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir aile KARASU"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda genellikle tarihin eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015f olaylar\u0131 konu almama kar\u015f\u0131n bu yaz\u0131mda daha yak\u0131n tarihten bir aileye ve hayat hikayelerine de\u011finmek istedim. Se\u00e7ti\u011fim konu, ucundan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan kutlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015eavuot Bayram\u0131 adetlerinden olan s\u00fct ve yo\u011furt t\u00fcketimi ile de alakal\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nesim \u015eALOM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Selanik, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131yken, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn do\u011fumuna yak\u0131n zamanlarda, 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ad\u0131 zaman zaman Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinde de an\u0131lacak bir ba\u015fka isim daha d\u00fcnyaya geldi: Yahudi bir ailenin mensubu olan Emanuel Karasu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Emanuel Karasu portresi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve itibarl\u0131 bir aileden gelen Emanuel, hukuk e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Avukatt\u0131 ve Selanik Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesinde kriminoloji dersleri vermekteydi. Kar\u0131s\u0131 Bella ve kesin olmamakla birlikte, \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z ve \u00fc\u00e7 erkek evlat sahibiydi. Mesle\u011fi de elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fundan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019ne ilk gayrim\u00fcslim \u00fcye olmu\u015f ve Selanik Makedonya Risorta Mason Locas\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015ftu. Bu konumu onun J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler ve Talat Pa\u015fa ile s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131kla bulu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyordu. Kimli\u011finde \u0130spanyol vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen 1908\u2019deki Meclis-i Mebusan se\u00e7imlerine kat\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f, Selanik\u2019ten meclis \u00fcyesi se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. Bu se\u00e7ilme Emanuel\u2019in, \u00f6nceleri Jurnalcili\u011fini de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Aram Efendi (Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131) ve Esat Toptani (Arnavut as\u0131ll\u0131) ile birlikte Sultan\u2019\u0131n yaverli\u011fini yapt\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 olan Filistin\u2019de, bedeli mukabilinde Yahudilere toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kendilerinin \u00f6zerk bir y\u00f6netimi olmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisini iletenler aras\u0131nda olan Emanuel daha sonra bu teklifi ile ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmak ve Siyonist olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deklare etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak yine de 1909\u2019daki 31 Mart \u0130syan\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Meclis\u2019i Milli\u2019nin Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in tahttan indirilmesi gerekti\u011fi karar\u0131n\u0131n tebli\u011fi i\u00e7in Emanuel g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Meclis-i Milli\u2019nin, Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in hal karar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi ve 27 Nisan 1909\u2019da Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131na gelen heyet: soldan sa\u011fa: Arif Hikmet Pa\u015fa, Emanuel Karasu, Esad Pa\u015fa Toptani, Aram Efendi ve Albay Galip Bey.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

1912\u2019de Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Selanik\u2019i kaybetmesinin ard\u0131ndan Emanuel de, 1914\u2019te tekrar \u0130stanbul\u2019dan mebus se\u00e7ildi. \u00a0Selanik\u2019in kaybedilmesine ra\u011fmen sava\u015f\u0131n bitiminden sonra, \u0130talya ile imzalanan U\u015fi Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131na destek olup Selanik\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 stat\u00fcde bir \u015fehir olarak kalmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen bir komitede yer ald\u0131. Hatta \u0130talya ile olan ileri ili\u015fkileri ile 1921\u2019de \u0130talya vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ald\u0131. Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki Yahudi Cemiyetlerinin i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama burada ya\u015fayan Yahudilerin \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 kimli\u011fi ile hareket etmeleri gerekti\u011fini savundu. Hatta Filistin\u2019de Yahudilere toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmesine ra\u011fmen bu topraklarda devlet kurulmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik isk\u00e2n faaliyetine kar\u015f\u0131 oldu. Bundan \u00f6te meclis konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n birinde de, Yahudi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda e\u015fit \u015fartlarda askerlik yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftu. Emanuel, Mondros M\u00fctarekesi sonras\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019da Trieste\u2019ye yerle\u015fti ve 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayn\u0131 yerde \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ancak naa\u015f\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirtilip Arnavutk\u00f6y Sefarad Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019ya yo\u011furdu g\u00f6t\u00fcren Karasu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Emanuel Karasu\u2019nun ye\u011fenlerinden biri ise erkek karde\u015finin o\u011flu \u0130zak idi. O da Selanik e\u015fraf\u0131ndan Karasu Ailesi\u2019nin bir mensubu olarak, ama amcas\u0131n\u0131n yolu olan hukuk okumak yerine t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenimini tercih etmi\u015fti. Amcas\u0131 gibi Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devlet politikalar\u0131nda rol almak yerine, \u0130zak 1912\u2019de, gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u0130spanya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nerek Barselona\u2019ya yerle\u015fti. Onlar\u0131n Selanik\u2019i terk etmelerinden sonra, Balkan Harbinde, Selanik Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve 30 y\u0131l sonras\u0131nda da b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuran Nazi zulm\u00fcnde, burada kalan Yahudi n\u00fcfusun \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 toplama kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Isaac Carasso Mechnikov Laboratuar\u0131nda meslekta\u015flar\u0131na s\u00fct\u00fcn fermantasyonunu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Barselona\u2019da \u0130zak Karasu, ad\u0131n\u0131 oraya uygun olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve Isaac Carasso oldu. A\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 muayenehanede \u00e7ocuk doktorlu\u011fu yapt\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019da I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 herkesin hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Kendisine gelen hastalar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen \u015fik\u00e2yeti sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve temiz suya eri\u015filememesi sebebiyle \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u011f\u0131rsak enfeksiyonlar\u0131yd\u0131. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcm de ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. \u0130zak\u2019\u0131n kafas\u0131nda, bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi edebilecek bir \u015fim\u015fek \u00e7akt\u0131. Avrupa\u2019da bilinmeyen ama gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 ve Balkan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, sindirim sistemi ile ilgili her hastal\u0131\u011fa \u00e7are olan yo\u011furt mucizesi\u2026 Ancak bir sorun vard\u0131, yo\u011furdu yapmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcte eri\u015febiliyordu ancak mayas\u0131n\u0131 bulam\u0131yordu. Bunun i\u00e7in Fransa\u2019daki Pasteur Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne m\u00fcracaat ederek meram\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131, oradan laktik asit alarak, Mechnikov Laboratuvar\u0131nda, bununla s\u00fct\u00fc fermante etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemle yo\u011furt mayas\u0131n\u0131 elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu araya k\u0131sa bir bilgi daha ekleyelim: s\u00fct\u00fcn fermante olarak mayalanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve yo\u011furda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan bakterinin ismi Latince Lactobacillus Bulgaricus olarak ge\u00e7er. Bunun sebebi bu bakteriyi ilk ke\u015ffeden ki\u015finin 1905\u2019te Bulgar doktor Stamen Grigorov olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Yo\u011furdun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc kokusunu veren de fermantasyon esnas\u0131nda asetaldehit\u2019i sentezleyen bu bakteridir. Hikayeye g\u00f6re Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n da\u011flar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir \u00e7oban, sa\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fc koyacak kadar kap bulam\u0131yormu\u015f. \u00c7are olarak kesti\u011fi bir koyunun midesini iyice temizleyip bir kese yapm\u0131\u015f ve s\u00fct\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine doldurmu\u015f. Bir g\u00fcn boyunca koyunun midesinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kesede kalan s\u00fct\u00fc ertesi g\u00fcn bo\u015faltmak istedi\u011finde bunun yo\u011furda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, koyunun midesindeki bu bakteri sayesinde olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tekrar Doktor Isaac Carasso\u2019ya d\u00f6necek olursak, 1919\u2019da s\u00fctten elde etti\u011fi ve \u00fcretti\u011fi yo\u011furdu cam kavanozlarda ambalajlayarak satmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ama bunun ne oldu\u011fu bilinmedi\u011finden yo\u011furt yiyecek olarak de\u011fil, ba\u011f\u0131rsak ilac\u0131 \u015feklinde eczanelerde sat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Belli bir s\u00fcre ve g\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 kez bunu yiyen hastalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda iyile\u015fme g\u00f6zlemleniyordu. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sadece ila\u00e7 olarak de\u011fil sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u0131da maddesi olarak da satabilmek i\u00e7in patent almaya karar verdi. \u00dcretti\u011fine yo\u011furt demek yerine ilk \u00e7ocu\u011fu olan Dano\u2019nun ismini ve arkas\u0131na, Katalanca \u2018k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u2019 eki olan \u2018ne\u2019 ekleyerek DANONE olarak \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn \u0130spanya yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede de b\u00fcy\u00fck ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu esnada o\u011flu Dano Carasso da e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in Fransa\u2019ya gitti, \u00f6nce Marsilya\u2019da ard\u0131ndan da ilk mayan\u0131n geldi\u011fi Pasteur Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde bakteriyoloji okudu. Baba \u0130saac \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra o\u011flu Dano veya Daniel Fransa\u2019da kalarak Danone Yo\u011furtlar\u0131 ad\u0131yla Fransa\u2019da faaliyete ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 sonras\u0131nda Danone Markas\u0131, yo\u011furt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bisk\u00fcvi, \u00e7ikolata ba\u015fka g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile de Fransa\u2019da zincir fabrikalar kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu at\u0131l\u0131m Fransa\u2019n\u0131n da d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada lider bir g\u0131da \u00fcreticisi konumuna geldi. Mineral sularda da d\u00fcnya genelinde ilk akla gelen isim Danone\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Daniel Carasso fabrikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki dev yo\u011furt kab\u0131 ile<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bu imparatorlu\u011fun hanedan\u0131 Daniel Carasso, tabii ki yo\u011furda bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu 104 y\u0131ll\u0131k uzun ya\u015fam\u0131na 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris\u2019te veda etti. Geride \u0130spanya\u2019dan Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya gelmi\u015f bir Sefarad, Selanik\u2019ten Barselona\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f bir Balkan Yahudi\u2019si, Katalonya\u2019dan Fransa\u2019ya e\u011fitim ve kariyeri i\u00e7in gitmi\u015f bir giri\u015fimci ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n bir g\u0131da imparatorlu\u011fu b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olarak\u2026<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.salom.com.tr\/haber\/127502\/tarihte-iz-birakmis-bir-aile-karasu<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda genellikle tarihin eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015f olaylar\u0131 konu almama kar\u015f\u0131n bu yaz\u0131mda daha yak\u0131n tarihten bir aileye ve hayat hikayelerine de\u011finmek istedim. Se\u00e7ti\u011fim konu, ucundan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan kutlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015eavuot Bayram\u0131 adetlerinden olan s\u00fct ve yo\u011furt t\u00fcketimi ile de alakal\u0131. \u00a0Nesim \u015eALOM Selanik, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131yken, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn do\u011fumuna yak\u0131n zamanlarda, 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ad\u0131 zaman zaman Cumhuriyet\u2019in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":74239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nTarihte iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir aile KARASU - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=74237\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tarihte iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir aile KARASU - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda genellikle tarihin eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015f olaylar\u0131 konu almama kar\u015f\u0131n bu yaz\u0131mda daha yak\u0131n tarihten bir aileye ve hayat hikayelerine de\u011finmek istedim. 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