{"id":72980,"date":"2023-03-09T08:32:56","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T13:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=72980"},"modified":"2023-03-09T08:32:56","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T13:32:56","slug":"tarih-ve-tekerrur-uzerine-bir-katki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=72980","title":{"rendered":"Tarih ve tekerr\u00fcr \u00fczerine bir katk\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i dostumuz Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr, bir tweet[1]<\/a>\u00a0dizisinde yerli yabanc\u0131 bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131larla\u00a0tarih ve tekerr\u00fcr\u00a0\u00fczerine k\u0131sa\u00a0 ve \u00f6zl\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunurken, \u015fimdilerde adettendir \u201cuzaktan\u201d \u00a0bir tarih dersidir:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z\u00fc Heraklitos\u2019la a\u00e7ar:\u00a0Me\u015fhur laft\u0131r: \u201cTarih tekerr\u00fcr etmez.\u201d Antik d\u00f6nem filozofu Heraklitos\u2019un \u201cAyn\u0131 nehirde iki kez y\u0131kan\u0131lmaz\u201d \u00f6nermesinden m\u00fclhem bu yarg\u0131, tarihsel tecr\u00fcbe ile her seferinde yerle yeksan edilip her seferinde yeni bir forma d\u00f6k\u00fclmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Marxizmin alfabesi say\u0131lan Marx\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc eserinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun al\u0131nt\u0131yla\u00a0 ile devam etti\u011fi dizisinde:\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin Karl Marx, \u201cLouis Napoleon\u2019un 18. Brumaire\u2019i\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde III. Napolyon\u2019un 1852\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi darbeyi, amcas\u0131 Napolyon Bonapart\u2019\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi darbeyle k\u0131yaslam\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler olacak \u015fu c\u00fcmleyi yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cHegel, bir yerde, \u015f\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6zlemde bulunur: B\u00fct\u00fcn tarihsel b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar ve ki\u015filer, hemen hemen iki kez yinelenir. Hegel eklemeyi unutmu\u015f: \u0130lkinde trajedi, ikincisinde komedi (fars) olarak.\u201d (<\/em>Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr, Marx\u2019tan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131ya \u00f6nemli bir not ekler:\u00a0Hegel ve Marx T\u00fcrkiye tarihine \u015fahit olsayd\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 muhakkak art\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Diziye Albert Einstein\u2019\u0131n \u201cDelilik, ayn\u0131 \u015feyi tekrar tekrar yapmak ve farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar beklemektir\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ile devam ederken, diziyi Gramsci ile bitirir:<\/p>\n

Gramsci\u2019nin \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc ise yukar\u0131dakilerin \u00f6zeti: \u201cTarih \u00f6\u011fretir ama hi\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencisi yoktur.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6nemli notunda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, tarih ve tekerr\u00fcr konusunda, yak\u0131n \u2013 uzak tarih sonsuz ve sorunsuz bir menbad\u0131r. Einstein\u2019in alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi gibi delilik berdevam olup, as\u0131rlar boyu istikrarla ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Rekor s\u00fcrekli egale ediliyor. Karne : s\u0131f\u0131r!<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyucular\u0131m\u0131za -bulursak- uzak tarihten bir \u00f6rnek sunuyoruz.\u00a0S\u00f6z Gazetesi<\/em>nde 28 Aral\u0131k 1918 tarihinde Asaf Muammer taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan\u00a0M\u00fccrimleri Nasil Tasnif Etmeli\u00a0<\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 bu konuda \u00a0iyi bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

Asaf Muammer, bir Osmanl\u0131 gazetecisi, entelekt\u00fceli ve siyaset\u00e7isidir.\u00a0Milli Ahrar F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/em>\u00a0kurucusu ve y\u00f6neticisidir.\u00a0Harb ve Mesulleri<\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan derlenen \u00a0\u00a0\u0130stanbul Bal\u0131k K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/em>\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze uzanan entelekt\u00fcel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asaf Muammer\u2019in yaz\u0131s\u0131,\u00a0\u0130ttihad ve Terakki<\/em>nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z teslim olu\u015fla Sava\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na denk gelmektedir. \u0130mparatorluk batm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f su\u00e7uyla birlikte, on y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde i\u015flenen bir\u00e7ok su\u00e7, yap\u0131lan yolsuzluk, kanunsuzluk ve cinayetlerin faillerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asaf Muammer, d\u00f6nemin su\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131ralay\u0131p su\u00e7lular\u0131 tasnif ederken, bizi o y\u0131llara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

M\u00fccrimleri Nasil Tasnif Etmeli,\u00a0 muammer Asaf, 28 Kanunuevvel 1334\/1918<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Evvelki g\u00fcnk\u00fc makalemizde h\u00fckumetle, milletin vezaif-i tebri\u02bcelerini mevz\u00fb-\u0131 bahs [temize \u00e7\u0131kma g\u00f6revlerinden s\u00f6z] etmi\u015ftik. Milletimize de tavsiye etti\u011fimiz usul-\u0131 te\u02bcd\u00eeb [had bildirme], m\u00fccrimiyete [su\u00e7land\u0131rmalara] kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir boykotaj idi. Nokta-\u0131 nazar [g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f] ve tavsiyemizin baz\u0131 kari\u02bcelerimize [okuyucular\u0131m\u0131zca] h\u00fcsn-i telakki [iyi kabul] edildi\u011fini ve buna ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kemal\u00ee memnuniyetle istib\u015f\u00e2r ettik [haber ald\u0131k] . Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z birka\u00e7 mektub bize g\u00f6sterdi ki, tavsiye etti\u011fimiz us\u00fbl-\u0131 te\u02bcd\u00eeb zaten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bir \u00e7ok zevat-\u0131 kir\u00e2m [\u00fcst d\u00fczey ki\u015filer] taraf\u0131ndan tatb\u00eeke bile ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ne mutlu bize\u2026 Evet biz ancak b\u00f6yle milli ve asil taassublarlad\u0131r [tarafdarl\u0131klar] ki, i\u00e7imizdeki muz\u0131r mikroplar\u0131 \u0131slah ve nesl-i \u00e2t\u00eeyi [gelecek nesli] m\u00fcthi\u015f bir infis\u00e2h-\u0131 ahlakiyeden [ahlaki bozulmadan] kurtarabiliriz.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7 unutmam, Said Pa\u015fa kabinesi hen\u00fcz s\u00fck\u00fbt etmi\u015fti [d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc]. Ahmet Muhtar Pa\u015fa mevki\u02bb-i iktidara geldi. Do\u011frusu, asker ve azm-i kat\u2018\u00ee [kesin karar] sahibi vezirden pek \u00e7ok i\u015fler beklemi\u015ftik, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Kabine\u201d diye kendimizi aldatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve idraksiz kabine, hem bir Balkan Muharebesine, hem Balkan muharebesinde ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden harbin kayb edilmesine, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u00e7ok muhaliflerin menf\u00e2 [s\u00fcrg\u00fcn] ve mahb\u00fbs [hapishane] k\u00f6\u015felerinde \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp inlemelerine sebebiyet verdi. O zaman Muhtar Pa\u015fa hazretlerine bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlatamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k ki, kanun, kanun-perver olanlar hakk\u0131nda isti\u02bbm\u00e2l edilebilir [kullan\u0131labilir]. Da\u011fdaki \u015fak\u00eeyi tutmak i\u00e7in kan\u00fbn n\u00e2m\u0131na isti\u02bbm\u00e2l-\u0131 kuvvet kuvvet kullan\u0131m\u0131], hatta silah etmek l\u00e2z\u0131m gelir. Size kur\u015fun atan bir \u015fak\u00eenin \u00f6n\u00fcne elinizde be\u015fer\u00ee bir kan\u00fbnla da de\u011fil, hatta kanun-\u0131 ilah\u00ee ile yani kitab-\u0131 mukaddesle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n\u0131z, bak\u0131n\u0131z para ederse\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Burda bir cemiyet [\u0130ttihad ve Terakki Cemiyetinden s\u00f6z ediyor] vard\u0131 ve hala var, bunun tan\u0131y\u0131p h\u00fcrmet etmedi\u011fi bir \u015fey varsa oda m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanun ve merhametdir. Eline kuvvet ge\u00e7er ge\u00e7mez, \u00e7al\u0131yor, \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131yor, akl\u0131na gelen her herze ve k\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131yor. Evlad-\u0131 \u00fcmmeti tutuyor, d\u00f6k\u00fcyor, s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, kanun-manun tan\u0131m\u0131yor\u2026 Onun d\u00fcst\u00fbru kanunsuzluk. Bu haydutlara kanunla galebe etmek sevdas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcdenlere, ne yalan s\u00f6yleyeyim, tezy\u00eefin [alay\u0131n] en ac\u0131 manalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kahkahalarla g\u00fclerim\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Nitekim Muhtar Pa\u015fa\u2019ya da bu m\u00fcdde\u2018am\u0131z\u0131 [iddialar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131] dinletemedi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in, neticede ne olduysa bize oldu. Binlerce muhalif s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Pa\u015falar\u0131m\u0131z yine meclis-i ay\u00e2nda fosur fosur t\u00fct\u00fcn cigaralar\u0131n\u0131n buram buram keyifli dumanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sefalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcler, aidatlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelecek belay\u0131 vaktiyle ke\u015ff etti\u011fimden merhum ve ma\u011ffur Tevf\u00eek Fikret\u2019e gitmi\u015ftim. Derdi anlatd\u0131m. Memleketi alt-\u00fcst eden vukuata yabanc\u0131 kalmamas\u0131n\u0131, kendisinin yabanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da [s\u00fctun 2<\/strong>] bi\u2019n-netice [sonu\u00e7ta] bu haydudlar\u0131n icraat\u0131yla tev\u02bcem [benzer] bir mana kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iz\u00e2h ettim. B\u00ee-\u00e7are \u00e7ok me\u02bcy\u00fbs [\u00fcmitsiz] idi. As\u00eel, m\u00fc\u02bcessir sesi, yumu\u015fak b\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n esmer g\u00f6lgelerinde mahzun, m\u00fcte\u02bcellim [i\u00e7i s\u0131zlay\u0131p] titreyerek: \u201cher \u015feyden evvel bu memlekete biraz haysiyet, biraz h\u00fcsn-i intik\u00e2m getirilmesi taraftar\u0131y\u0131m. Bunlar mevcud olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ne yap\u0131l\u0131rsa nafiledir. Ku\u015f t\u00fcy\u00fc bir yast\u0131k en sert yumruktan ne kadar m\u00fcte\u02bcessir olursa bu memleket de en sert harekatdan ancak o kadar m\u00fcte\u02bcessir olabilir.\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcphesiz Fikret\u2019in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck hakk\u0131 vard\u0131. Bir memleketde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cer\u00e2\u02bcim [cinayet] ve haba\u02bcise [k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere] ve bunlar\u0131n fail-i \u015fen\u00ee\u2018alar\u0131na [utan\u00e7 verici i\u015fleri yapana] \u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 um\u00fbm\u00ee bir kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k mevcud olunca tahadd\u00fcs eden [ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan] \u00a0ink\u0131l\u00e2b\u00e2t [de\u011fi\u015fimler] her ne \u015fekil ve kudrette olursa olsun \u00e2l\u00ee ve makb\u00fbl bir semere [netice] b\u0131rakamaz. Hakan-\u0131 ma\u011ffur [\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmdar] Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid ahd-\u0131 saltanat\u0131n\u0131n olanca seyyi\u02bcat\u0131n\u0131 irtik\u00e2b eden [k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri yapan] \u00a0jurnalciler, m\u00fcsteb\u02bbidler [despotlar], ink\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131n yed-i tertib-k\u00e2r\u00eesinden \u00a0bil\u00e2-zarar [zarars\u0131z] ve bil\u00e2-it\u00e2b [zahmetsiz] kurtulunca geride kalanlara fena bir s\u00fb\u02bc-i misal [k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnek] oldular. Herkes dedi ki, \u201cFilan, filan bu kadar \u00e7ald\u0131lar, \u00e7\u0131rpd\u0131lar, netice ne oldu? \u015eimdi kimi Ni\u015f\u2019de kimi \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de yan geldiler. Keyf ve sefalar\u0131na bak\u0131yorlar. Yine i\u00e7imizde en ak\u0131ll\u0131s\u0131 onlar imi\u015f. Biz namusluca hareket ettik de ne oldu! \u0130\u015fte ne elde var, ne ba\u015fta, s\u00fcr\u00fcm, s\u00fcr\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Hissiyat-\u0131 ahl\u00e2kiye [ahlaki duygular] ve medeniyesi [uygarl\u0131k] esasl\u0131 temellere m\u00fcstenid olmayan milletler i\u00e7in, bundan k\u00f6t\u00fc bundan \u015fer\u00eer [k\u00f6t\u00fc] bir num\u00fbne-i misal olamazd\u0131. Nitekim, \u00f6ylede oldu. \u015eu on sene zarf\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimse bir g\u00fcn \u0131nk\u0131r\u00e2z\u0131n [bitimin] gelebilece\u011fini, evlad-\u0131 \u00fcmmetin, esir, bed-n\u00e2m [k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde] \u00a0s\u00fcr\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcm s\u00fcrenece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemedi. Herkes k\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc, cebini doldurmakla me\u015fgul oldu. Bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn mes\u02bcullerine de lay\u0131k olduklar\u0131 cezay\u0131 vermemek yar\u0131nki nesli ifs\u00e2d etmek [bozmak] olur ki, bug\u00fcn izmihlal-\u0131 tammdan [tamamen t\u00fckeni\u015ften] yakam\u0131z\u0131 kurtarabilirsek evladlar\u0131m\u0131z, ink\u0131r\u00e2z [t\u00fckeni\u015f] ve esaret-i muhakkakadan kurtulamazlar. Binaen-aleyh istikbalin, esasl\u0131 ve mes\u02bb\u00fbd temellerini bu g\u00fcnden atmak ve olanca kabiliyetimizle tahk\u00eem ve tars\u00eene [[sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmaya] \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak bir vecibedir, bir far\u00eezad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu temelleri nas\u0131l kurabiliriz! \u015eu emr-i ehemmde her \u015feyden evvel tasnif-i m\u00fccrimiyete l\u00fczum vard\u0131r. As\u0131l m\u00fccrimler kimlerdir ? evvel be-evvel [\u00f6ncelikle] bunu aramak l\u00e2z\u0131m.<\/em><\/p>\n

1- Bilfiil icr\u00e2-y\u0131 hab\u00e2set edenler [k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapanlar]<\/em><\/p>\n

2-Bunlar\u0131 seyr-i saika ittih\u00e2z ederek [bunlar\u0131n ve yolunu\u00a0 kullanarak] el alt\u0131ndan i\u015f g\u00f6renler: merkez-i um\u00fbm\u00ee kumandan\u0131 azalar\u0131, ta\u015fra kul\u00fcpleri reisleri, ve su tabakas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fczenler gibi.<\/em><\/p>\n

3-Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 hafiyede m\u00fcstahdem [s\u00fct\u00fcn 3<\/strong>] olanlar ki, bunlar k\u0131smen ufak r\u00fctbede zab\u0131tan ile, hapishanelerden kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f efeler, kabaday\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

4-Muhalifk\u00e2r\u00e2ne ses \u00e7\u0131kartmam\u0131\u015f, hatta tasv\u00eeb etmi\u015f ve ihtik\u00e2r i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f mebuslar..<\/em><\/p>\n

5- Her cinayeti, her icr\u00e2\u02bbat\u0131 alk\u0131\u015flayan ve \u015fu on sene bilhassa d\u00f6rt harb senesi zarf\u0131nda g\u00fbn\u00e2 g\u00fbn [t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc] yalanlarla ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 aldatan gazetecilerle \u00f6teye beriye giderek seyahat mektublar\u0131 nam\u0131yla millet-i Osmaniye\u2019yi Almanlar, Avusturyal\u0131lar, ayn\u0131 zamanda tertib\u00e2t-\u0131 harbiye ve intiz\u00e2m-\u0131 idareden dolay\u0131 baz\u0131 pa\u015falar n\u00e2m\u0131na imale ve izhar-\u0131 tevecc\u00fche tergib eden [isteklendiren] muharrirler.<\/em><\/p>\n

6- Ticaret ediyoruz diyerek k\u00e2r u kesb pe\u015finde ko\u015fan ve bu m\u00fcddet zaf\u0131nda harbin devam\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fbmet-i s\u00e2b\u0131kan\u0131n devam\u0131na yard\u0131m edenler.<\/em><\/p>\n

7- Bir tak\u0131m pa\u015fa, beyler, muhtekirler etraf\u0131nda \u00e7enber \u00e7evirerek dalkavuklukla vakit ge\u00e7irenler<\/em><\/p>\n

Ber vech-i b\u00e2l\u00e2 [yukar\u0131daki] k\u0131s\u0131mlarda dahil bulunanlar, haklar\u0131nda ne kadar h\u00fcsn-i niyet izh\u00e2r edilirse edilsin elleri s\u0131k\u0131lacak, dost ittih\u00e2z edilecek adamlar olamazlar. Bunlar milletin ruh ve cisminde o muz\u0131r ha\u015ferelerdir ki, bu g\u00fbne kadar \u00e2mil veya l\u00e2-kayd bulunduklar\u0131 harekat-\u0131 h\u0131y\u00e2net-k\u00e2r\u00e2ne muv\u00e2cehesinde m\u00fcte\u02bcessir olmam\u0131\u015f vicdanlar\u0131yla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fenal\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u0131y\u00e2neti kemal-\u0131 suh\u00fbletle irtik\u00e2b edebilirler. \u00c2t\u00eesini em\u00een ve mes\u2018ud g\u00f6rmek isteyen bir millet bir veba, bir kolera, bir frengi mikrobuyla m\u00fcc\u00e2deleye ne kadar mecb\u00fbr ise bunlarla da o kadar m\u00fccadele mecburiyetindedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Asaf Muammer<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/twitter.com\/HurAyse\/status\/1125310515536977920<\/a>\u00a0(02.03.2023 eri\u015fim)<\/em><\/p>\n

TAR\u0130H VE TEKERR\u00dcR \u00dcZER\u0130NE B\u0130R KATKI<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n