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Rag\u0131p Zarakolu <\/strong><\/p>\n Ge\u00e7en hafta Hamburg\u2019da Zabel Yeseyan G\u00fcnleri d\u00fczenlemesi nedeniyle Interkulturelle Denkfabrik\u2019i ve Zabel oyunundan dolay\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i G\u00f6steri Sanatlar\u0131 Toplulu\u011funu kutlar\u0131m.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olan 24 Nisan 1915\u2019te Ermeni yazar, gazeteci ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik toplu tevkifattan sadece kendisini kurtarmakla kalmad\u0131, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin Bulgaristan\u2019a ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan Ermeni ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, 1908 Anayasa Devrimine yol a\u00e7an demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecin de bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 zamanda kad\u0131n kimli\u011finin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nc\u00fclerindendi. Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131n hareketiyle de ba\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tarihin \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc sayfalar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, Ermeni yaz\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, sanat\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fczi\u011finin hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131 da heyecan verici bir ke\u015fif s\u00fcreci olmu\u015ftu 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren.<\/p>\n Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 kurucusu Ay\u015fe Nur Zarakolu, Dr. \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019nin \u201cDevletleraras\u0131 S\u00f6m\u00fcrge K\u00fcrdistan\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Devlet G\u00fcvenlik Mahkemesi\u2019nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmada, \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kullanmak de\u011fil, soyk\u0131r\u0131m yapmak su\u00e7tur, hem de insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f su\u00e7tur\u201d diyerek konuyu g\u00fcndeme getirdi. 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin, konuya sans\u00fcrs\u00fcz, oto-sans\u00fcrs\u00fcz do\u011frudan de\u011finen Yves Ternon\u2019un kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Taner Ak\u00e7am ise \u201cErmeni Sorunu\u201dnu g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, Ermenilik bile bir tabu idi. 80 Darbesinden sonra ansiklopedilerde tarihi Ermenistan\u2019a ili\u015fkin sayfalar bile \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan\u2019\u0131n 1909 Adana Pogromuna ili\u015fkin \u201cY\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar Aras\u0131nda\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131, soyk\u0131r\u0131m program\u0131m\u0131z ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme getirmek istemi\u015ftik. Zabel Yeseyan k\u0131y\u0131m sonras\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Kitab\u0131n Ermeniceden T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye terc\u00fcmesini, Agos\u2019un Ermenice sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n edit\u00f6r\u00fc, son derece duyarl\u0131 bir insan olan sevgili \u00fcstad Gobelyan\u2019dan rica etmi\u015ftik. Ancak 4 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra terc\u00fcme durdu. Gobelyan devam edemeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6l\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011funun \u00fcst\u00fcne konan sinekten bahseden k\u0131s\u0131mda durmu\u015ftu Gobelyan daha fazlas\u0131na devam edememi\u015fti. Aras yay\u0131nlar\u0131na te\u015fekk\u00fcr bor\u00e7luyuz kitab\u0131n terc\u00fcmesini bize ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n \u201cY\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar Aras\u0131nda\u201dy\u0131 yapamay\u0131nca, \u201cSilahtar Bah\u00e7eleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 se\u00e7kiyi yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131k. Gobelyan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 terc\u00fcmeleri de burada kulland\u0131k.<\/p>\n Kitab\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye J\u00fclide De\u011firmenciler kazand\u0131rd\u0131. O s\u0131ralarda Vartkes Yeghiayan\u2019\u0131n derledi\u011fi \u201cMalta Belgeleri\u201dni ve Attila Tuygan ile birlikte Toynbee\u2019nin \u201cMavi Kitap\u201d\u0131n\u0131 da terc\u00fcme edecekti.<\/p>\n \u201cSilahtar Bah\u00e7eleri\u201d asl\u0131nda Yeseyan\u2019\u0131n \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019daki \u00e7ocuklu\u011funu anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cErmeni sorunu\u201d, resmi tarihten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n O s\u0131ralarda Bunlardan biri de Elif \u015eafak\u2019t\u0131, ABD\u2019de bir yerde master \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Master \u00f6devi Zabel Yesayan \u00fczerine idi. Elif \u015eafak\u2019\u0131n paper\u2019\u0131n\u0131 \u201cSilahtar Bah\u00e7eleri\u201dnin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc olarak kullanacakt\u0131m.<\/p>\n 2006 kritik bir y\u0131ld\u0131. Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 bir milli g\u00fcvenlik konusu haline getirilmi\u015fti. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fcler, Agos \u00f6n\u00fcnde protesto g\u00f6sterilerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Hrant, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe hakaretten mahkum edildi. Onunla dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6sterenler de mahkeme verildi.<\/p>\n Tam bir ter\u00f6r kampanyas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n O s\u0131rada Elif \u015eafak, Orhan Pamuk, Taner Ak\u00e7am da hedef tahtas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131lar. Kampanyalar d\u00fczenlendi onlara kar\u015f\u0131. Tam bir ter\u00f6r kampanyas\u0131.<\/p>\n Ve 19 Ocak 2007 tarihinde Hrant Dink Agos binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde vuruldu.<\/p>\n Elif \u015eafak, Orhan Pamuk, Taner Ak\u00e7am ABD\u2019de koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n Taner Ak\u00e7am Yale \u00dcniversitesinde konferans verdi\u011finde, kap\u0131da siyah kad\u0131n bir polis bekliyordu \u00fcniversite \u00f6n\u00fcnde. New York\u2019ta Columbia \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u0130slamc\u0131 ya da milliyet\u00e7i T\u00fcrkler de\u011fil, \u201cmodern\u201d T\u00fcrkler protesto ediyordu Taner Ak\u00e7am\u2019\u0131<\/p>\n Amerikan PEN\u2019i bir ak\u015fam Elif \u015eafak\u2019la ak\u015fam yeme\u011fine davet etti. Bu tehdit dalgas\u0131 i\u00e7inde Elif \u015eafak yeni do\u011fum yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. New York 5. Cadde\u2019de evi olan han\u0131m\u0131n apartman\u0131na girip, asans\u00f6r ile dairesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda koridorda iki polis bekliyordu. Ellerindeki listeden davetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 kontrol ettiler. Ev sahibi han\u0131m Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Turgut\u2019un arkada\u015f\u0131ym\u0131\u015f bir zamanlar.<\/p>\n Elif \u015eafak, yeni kitab\u0131 i\u00e7in Amerika\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131lar\u0131 iptal etti.<\/p>\n Hrant Dink, devlet \u2018ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc ter\u00f6r kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n\u2019 kurban\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n Elif \u015eafak, Orhan Pamuk sa\u011f kald\u0131lar. Ama ter\u00f6rize edildiler.<\/p>\n Salt Ermenilere ili\u015fkin birka\u00e7 s\u00f6zden dolay\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00f6zleri bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00f6ylemek sorun de\u011fil, devletin ba\u015f\u0131 dahil.<\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan sadace Ermeni ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131 demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin de bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan \u00fcniversite mezunu ilk Ermeni kad\u0131n\u0131yd\u0131. (Sorbonne \/ Paris)<\/p>\n Kendini feminist olarak tan\u0131mlamasa da, Ermeni feminizminin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biri oldu. Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi. \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma Birli\u011fi\u201d kurma \u00f6nerisiyle gitti Prens Sabahattin\u2019e.<\/p>\n \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Ermeni Kad\u0131n Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n 1908 Anayasal devrimini co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. 1909 Adana pogromu b\u00fcy\u00fck hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu onun i\u00e7in. \u201cY\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar Aras\u0131nda\u201d sadece edebi bir metin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda adeta bir insan haklar\u0131 raporu idi.<\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan 1915 Medz Yeghern\u2019den, B\u00fcy\u00fck Felaketten sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. 24 Nisan listesine yer alan tek kad\u0131nd\u0131. Bulgaristan\u2019a ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n da ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Ya\u015fananlar\u0131 raporla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir eylemciydi ayn\u0131 zamanda Rosa Luemburg, Karl Liebknecht gibi.<\/p>\n 1920-22 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermeni yetimlerinin kurtar\u0131l\u0131p toparlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemi \u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcnde Ruhum\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kitapla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131<\/p>\n 1933\u2019de Paris\u2019i terk edip Ermenistan\u2019a gitti, o\u011flu Hrant ve k\u0131z\u0131 Sofi ile birlikte. Kampanyalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan sa\u011f kalanlar\u0131n tek anavatan diye niteledi\u011fi Ermenistan\u2019a yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n I\u015f\u0131klar \u015fehri Paris\u2019ten karanl\u0131k Erivan\u2019a gidilir mi diyenlere, \u201cBu z\u0131tl\u0131k bence anlams\u0131z, \u00fclkemizin gelece\u011finin in\u015fas\u0131nda aktif rol alaca\u011f\u0131m\u201d diye yan\u0131t verecekti.<\/p>\n Sosyalizme inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ile<\/p>\n Talat Pa\u015fan\u0131n \u201cTenkil ve Tedip\u201d inden kurtuldu ama 1943\u2019de kendisi ba\u015fka bir k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u201cGreat Purge Bol\u015foya \u00c7itska\u201d n\u0131n, B\u00fcy\u00fck Temizli\u011fin martir\u2019i oldu. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairi Ye\u011fi\u015fe \u00c7arentz ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u015fair ve yazarlar gibi. Transkafkasya Kom\u00fcnist \u00dcniversitesi rekt\u00f6r\u00fc Nersik Stepanyan\u2019\u0131, Aksel Bakunts, arkeolog A\u015fkharbek Kalantar, Harputlu Vahan Totovents\u2019i de sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n Gurgen Mahari sa\u011f kald\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemden ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131 bize.<\/p>\n \u201cSilahtar Bah\u00e7eleri\u201dnde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 , \u201cHayat\u0131m\u0131n ufkunda kara bulutlar\u0131n belirdi\u011fi her keresinde bu bah\u00e7elere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131m\u201d ifadesinden dolay\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe \u00f6zlem duygusunu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak ve milliyet\u00e7ilikle\u201d su\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n Zabel Yeseyan 1937 de sustu, \u0130zak Babel gibi. Suskunluk protestosu.<\/p>\n Sibirya\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kampta ise ne ka\u011f\u0131t ne de kaleme izin vard\u0131 zaten.<\/p>\n Ve 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda infaz edildi.<\/p>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde Alman yazar\u0131 Bremenli Vogeler gibi.<\/p>\n