{"id":71241,"date":"2022-11-18T05:36:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T10:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=71241"},"modified":"2022-11-18T05:36:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T10:36:34","slug":"cumhuriyet-yeni-bir-sayfa-acmadi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=71241","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyet yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7mad\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ohannes K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7da\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun en az\u0131ndan 8-10 \u015fehrinde, kendi h\u00e2line b\u0131rak\u0131lsa geli\u015fip serpilebilecek Ermeni topluluklar\u0131 bulunuyordu. Fakat devleti y\u00f6netenlerin istemedi\u011fi, tam olarak buydu. Nitekim, say\u0131lar\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, Anadolu\u2019da kalan Ermenileri do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 yollarla \u0130stanbul\u2019a s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

1915 ilkbahar\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p takip eden iki-\u00fc\u00e7 sene boyunca devam eden tehcir, katliam, zorla din de\u011fi\u015ftirtme politikalar\u0131 sonucu Anadolu sath\u0131ndaki Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun dramatik bi\u00e7imde azald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir s\u0131r de\u011fil. \u00d6yle ki, 1914 resm\u00ee n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re dahi \u00fclkede 1 milyon 200 binden fazla olan Ermeni say\u0131s\u0131 1927 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na gelindi\u011finde 77.443\u2019t\u00fc; bu da yakla\u015f\u0131k %94\u2019l\u00fck bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f demektir. Kay\u0131p bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olunca, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle de tarih\u00e7iler geride kalanlarla pek ilgilenmedi. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, kayb\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kalanlar\u0131n, tabirin neredeyse d\u00fcz manas\u0131yla, esamesi okunmad\u0131. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n, tehcir, katliam gibi uygulamalar\u0131n fiilen hayata ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi y\u0131llar\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Ermeniler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki, bilhassa Anadolu\u2019daki Ermenilere \u201cbitti\u201d g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakt\u0131. H\u00e2lbuki \u00f6yle de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

1927\u2019de, yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fim 77.443 ki\u015fiden 24.314\u2019\u00fc Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerinde ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u015eehir baz\u0131nda birka\u00e7 say\u0131 vermek gerekirse, o tarihte Yozgat\u2019ta 3.795, Sivas\u2019ta 3.477, Diyarbekir\u2019de 2490, Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da 1992, Kayseri\u2019de 1978, Malatya\u2019da 1865, Siirt\u2019te 1585, Kastamonu\u2019da 1402, Tokat\u2019ta 1032 Ermeni vard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n resm\u00ee veriler oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak, Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en az bu kadar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. Bunlar soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ncesi Ermeni n\u00fcfusuyla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 mertebesinde olsa da veya o tarihte bulunduklar\u0131 \u015fehirlerde n\u00fcfusun \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesimini olu\u015ftursa da, sonu\u00e7ta Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da mutlak anlamda somut bir Ermeni insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sosyal hayat\u0131n\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Ne var ki ilerleyen y\u0131llarda, hatta \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden bu say\u0131lar\u0131n da h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Cumhuriyet\u2019in bir sonraki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1935\u2019te yap\u0131l\u0131yor. O y\u0131l\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun sekiz sene i\u00e7inde %72\u2019lik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle 6.766\u2019ya indi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Yukar\u0131da zikretti\u011fim \u015fehirlerin 1935\u2019teki Ermeni n\u00fcfuslar\u0131na bakacak olursak, Yozgat\u2019\u0131n 1890\u2019a, Sivas\u2019\u0131n 537\u2019ye, Diyarbekir\u2019in 539\u2019a, Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019\u0131n 197\u2019e, Kayseri\u2019nin 368\u2019e, Malatya\u2019n\u0131n 388\u2019e, Kastamonu\u2019nun 474\u2019e, Tokat\u2019\u0131n 365\u2019e, Siirt\u2019in 70\u2019e (1927\u2019de Siirt\u2019in 1585 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131r\u0131m!) d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00dclke baz\u0131ndaki toplam say\u0131n\u0131n da 55.750 civar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc not edelim. Bug\u00fcn ise bilindi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Ermenilerin %95\u2019ten fazlas\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki, bu rakamlar bize ne s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor? Bence ilk olarak alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmesi gereken \u015fudur: Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun en az\u0131ndan 8-10 \u015fehrinde, kendi h\u00e2line b\u0131rak\u0131lsa geli\u015fip serpilebilecek Ermeni topluluklar\u0131 bulunuyordu. Fakat devleti y\u00f6netenlerin istemedi\u011fi, tam olarak buydu. Nitekim, say\u0131lar\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, Anadolu\u2019da kalan Ermenileri do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 yollarla \u0130stanbul\u2019a s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, zaman\u0131n ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Robert P. Skinner taraf\u0131ndan 2 Mart 1934\u2019te Washington\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen, Ayhan Aktar\u2019\u0131n \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi ve \u2018T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme\u2019 Politikalar\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 (s. 93) bir raporda, Ocak ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Ermenilerin Anadolu i\u00e7lerinden \u0130stanbul\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri bildiriliyor: \u201cT\u00fcrk polisinin, Ermenileri ka\u00e7\u0131rmak \u00fczere Ermenilerin toplu olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehir ve k\u00f6ylerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Sonra yetkililer Rumeli\u2019den muhacir olarak gelen T\u00fcrkleri buralara yerle\u015ftirerek onlara Ermenilerin mallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne konabileceklerini ima ediyorlar. Bu yeni unsurlar da Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir tav\u0131r almak bir yana, son derece dost\u00e7a davran\u0131yorlar. Bu iki y\u00f6ntem de i\u015flemeyince, Ermenilere en k\u0131sa zamanda \u0130stanbul\u2019a do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. Sahip olduklar\u0131 her \u015feyi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatlara sat\u0131yorlar. De\u011feri birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz lira olan s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n tanesinin 5 liraya sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bana s\u00f6ylendi. Bana bu bilgileri veren ki\u015fi Ermenilerin mallar\u0131n\u0131 satmalar\u0131na izin verildi\u011fini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hi\u00e7 kimsenin [sonradan] mal\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyecek durumda olmamalar\u0131n\u0131n istendi\u011fini belirtti. Fakat bu ko\u015fullarda yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015f, pratikte mal\u0131 terk etmek anlam\u0131na geliyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte hemen eklemek gerekir ki, Anadolu\u2019da kalan Ermenilerin \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7melerinin tek sebebi devlet politikalar\u0131 de\u011fildi; bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerde toplumdan da bask\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan taciz ediliyor, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmaya zorlan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu Ermenilerin s\u0131k s\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir endi\u015fe de \u2018gelinlik ya\u015fa gelen\u2019 k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Uzun laf\u0131n k\u0131sas\u0131, Ermenileri \u0130stanbul\u2019a do\u011fru iten genel bir g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6z konusuydu.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan sonra Anadolu\u2019da hi\u00e7 Ermeni okulu kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, binlerce ki\u015finin oldu\u011fu yerlerde dahi devlet yenisinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na da izin vermiyordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Ermenice \u00f6\u011frenmesini isteyen ailelerin bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, Ermeni dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne dair formel e\u011fitim almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderecekleri bir kurum yoktu. Bunu isteyen aileler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderiyor, bir\u00e7ok durumda da belli bir s\u00fcre sonra onlar\u0131n yan\u0131na gidiyorlard\u0131. Surp Ha\u00e7 T\u0131brevank Okulu\u2019nun 1953\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da yat\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunu sa\u011flayan, zaman\u0131n patri\u011fi Ba\u015fepiskopos Karekin Ha\u00e7aduryan\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019dan \u00f6zellikle erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplayarak bu okula getirmesinin de aileleri \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00e7eken bir etken oldu\u011funu eklemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetleyecek olursak, Cumhuriyet, kendi iddias\u0131n\u0131n aksine, en az\u0131ndan bu insanlar i\u00e7in yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7mad\u0131. Gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyet, Ermeniler, \u00f6zellikle de geride kalan Anadolu Ermenileri i\u00e7in ya\u015fayabilecekleri, kimliklerini ve sosyal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup geli\u015ftirebilecekleri g\u00fcvenli bir liman olmad\u0131. Tam tersine, Cumhuriyet kendinden evvel ba\u015flayan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, azaltma, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131na devam etti. Bunu yapanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayn\u0131 ki\u015filer oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak, \u00e7ok da s\u00fcrpriz say\u0131lmaz san\u0131r\u0131m.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/27795\/cumhuriyet-yeni-bir-sayfa-acmadi<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ohannes K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7da\u011f\u0131 Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun en az\u0131ndan 8-10 \u015fehrinde, kendi h\u00e2line b\u0131rak\u0131lsa geli\u015fip serpilebilecek Ermeni topluluklar\u0131 bulunuyordu. Fakat devleti y\u00f6netenlerin istemedi\u011fi, tam olarak buydu. Nitekim, say\u0131lar\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, Anadolu\u2019da kalan Ermenileri do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 yollarla \u0130stanbul\u2019a s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 1915 ilkbahar\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p takip eden iki-\u00fc\u00e7 sene boyunca devam eden tehcir, katliam, zorla din de\u011fi\u015ftirtme politikalar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":71243,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nCumhuriyet yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7mad\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=71241\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cumhuriyet yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7mad\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ohannes K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7da\u011f\u0131 Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun en az\u0131ndan 8-10 \u015fehrinde, kendi h\u00e2line b\u0131rak\u0131lsa geli\u015fip serpilebilecek Ermeni topluluklar\u0131 bulunuyordu. Fakat devleti y\u00f6netenlerin istemedi\u011fi, tam olarak buydu. Nitekim, say\u0131lar\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, Anadolu\u2019da kalan Ermenileri do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 yollarla \u0130stanbul\u2019a s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 1915 ilkbahar\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p takip eden iki-\u00fc\u00e7 sene boyunca devam eden tehcir, katliam, zorla din de\u011fi\u015ftirtme politikalar\u0131 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=71241\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-18T10:36:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/11\/Ohannes-Kilicdagi-3.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"393\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=71241#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=71241\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Cumhuriyet yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7mad\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-18T10:36:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=71241\"},\"wordCount\":1115,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=71241#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/Ohannes-Kilicdagi-3.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Makaleler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=71241#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=71241\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=71241\",\"name\":\"Cumhuriyet yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7mad\u0131 - 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