{"id":71004,"date":"2022-11-07T01:49:32","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T06:49:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=71004"},"modified":"2022-11-07T01:49:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T06:49:32","slug":"istanbulda-savas-cokus-isgal-ve-direnisin-tarihi-konferanstan-notlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=71004","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul\u2019da sava\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, i\u015fgal ve direni\u015fin tarihi: Konferanstan notlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0130stanbul, 1914-1922: Sava\u015f, \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, \u0130\u015fgal ve Direni\u015fin Tarihi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bilimsel toplant\u0131 4-5 Kas\u0131m 2022 tarihlerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi. Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131 Anarad H\u0131\u011futyun binas\u0131nda y\u00fcz y\u00fcze yap\u0131lan konferans, vakf\u0131n internet sitesinden, Facebook ve YouTube kanal\u0131ndan ve Zoom \u00fczerinden \u0130ngilizce ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e canl\u0131 olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131. Konferansa yurti\u00e7i ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok akademisyen kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Konferans\u0131n\u00a0<\/a>a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Rakel Dink yapt\u0131. Dink konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cResmi tarihin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki anlat\u0131lara da yer vermek istiyoruz, demokratikle\u015fmeye katk\u0131da bulunmak istiyoruz\u201d dedi. \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in \u201cGer\u00e7e\u011fi \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz ve ger\u00e7ek sizi \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lacak\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatan Rakel Dink, \u201c24 Nisan\u2019da \u015fimdi bulundu\u011fumuz sokakta kimbilir ka\u00e7 kap\u0131 vuruldu, ka\u00e7 evde korku ya\u015fand\u0131, diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden edemiyorum\u201d dedi. Dink \u201cYa\u015fanan her olay, sosyal ve ekonomik izler b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ruhsal izler de b\u0131rak\u0131yor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u201cMaalesef \u00fclkemizde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayaklar alt\u0131nda\u201d diye devam eden Dink, \u201cGer\u00e7e\u011fi bilmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 seslerin kendini ifade etmesine ihtiya\u00e7 var. Dayat\u0131lan ger\u00e7eklere itiraz eden y\u00fczlerce dostumuz hapisteyken ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor bu konferans\u201d diyerek s\u00f6zlerini tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Rakel<\/div>\n
Rakel Dink<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

\u201cPa\u015fam bu harbe ni\u00e7in girdik?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f tebli\u011fini konferans d\u00fczenleme komitesinden Ayhan Aktar yapt\u0131. \u201cPa\u015fam bu harbe ni\u00e7in girdik?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tebli\u011finde Aktar Osmanl\u0131\u00a0 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun I.\u00a0 D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na giri\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve arka planda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri de\u011ferlendirdi. Aktar Osmanl\u0131 ile Rusya aras\u0131nda \u015eubat 1914\u2019te Yenik\u00f6y\u2019de imzalanan anla\u015fmay\u0131 uygulamamak i\u00e7in \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Rejimi\u2019nin bu sava\u015fa girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. S\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fma Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na\u00a0 Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu illerinde m\u00fcffetti\u015f g\u00f6revlendirme hakk\u0131 veriyordu. Aktar \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u0130ttihat Terakki Rejimi\u2019ne Almanya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa girmemesi i\u00e7in toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve maddi yard\u0131m gibi g\u00fcvenceler verdi\u011fini ve teklifte bulundu\u011funu, ancak Sadrazam Sait Halim Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bu teklifi getiren Londra Sefiri Tevfik Pa\u015fa\u2019ya \u201cPa\u015fam bunlar ge\u00e7 kald\u0131. Tertibat\u0131m\u0131z m\u00fckemmeldir\u201d dedi\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk panelin ilk konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 Hilmar Kaiser\u2019di. Kaiser \u201c\u0130stanbul ve Ermenlerin Direni\u015fi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul\u2019da ve etraf\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik takibat\u0131n A\u011fustos 1914\u2019te ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti. Bunun s\u0131radan bir polis faaliyeti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Kaiser bu takibatta\u00a0 Balkanlar\u2019da \u00e7etelerle m\u00fccadelede g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin faal olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve 24 Nisan sonras\u0131nda Ermenilerin toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla sokaklardan topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Kaiser bu d\u00f6nemde yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 bin Ermeninin yeralt\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, 5 bin ki\u015finin de tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n

\"Ayhan<\/div>\n
Ayhan Aktar<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Bu oturumda Kent Schull\u00a0 \u201cM\u00fctareke \u0130stanbulu\u2019nda Hapishaneler: Medeniyete Uygunlu\u011fun Siyasalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Mek\u00e2nlar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131 ve hapishanelerdeki ko\u015fullar\u0131n incelemesine ve Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerindeki hapishaneler ile bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya yer verdi.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin \u0130\u015fgali ve Yard\u0131m Faaliyetleri<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci oturumunun ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u015eehrin \u0130\u015fgali ve Yard\u0131m Faaliyetleri” idi. Bu oturumda\u00a0 Evangelia Achladi\u00a0 “Yunan Devleti’nin \u0130stanbul’daki Yetimhaneleri Denetlemesi”, Alexandros Makris, “M\u00fctareke \u0130stanbulu\u2019nda Yunanistan Sosyal Yard\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Faaliyetleri”, Konstantina Andrianopoulou da “M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Aileler ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kurumlar\u0131 Taraf\u0131ndan Evlat Edinilen Rum Ortodoks Yetimlerinin Durumu” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumlar yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Evangelia Achladi sunumunda Yurtseverlik Vakf\u0131, Rum Ortodoks Cemaati ve Yunan Devleti\u2019nin Y\u00fcksek Komiserlik d\u00fczeyindeki temsilcilerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u0130stanbul ve Anadolu\u2019da 1922\u2019de say\u0131s\u0131 17\u2019ye ula\u015fan yetimhaneleri anlatt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca daha \u00f6nce\u00a0 Korfu\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n da deste\u011fiyle buradaki yetimhanenin 1930\u2019lara dek hizmet verdi\u011fini belirtti. Yetimhanelerin sadece bar\u0131nma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, rehabilitasyon ve mesleki e\u011fitim verdi\u011fini de belirten Achladi sunumunu \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu insanl\u0131k ve haysiyet meselesiydi\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle bitirdi.<\/p>\n

Oturumun ikinci konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 Alexandros Makris, Patrikhane\u2019nin kurdu\u011fu M\u00fclteci Komitesi\u2019nin yard\u0131m, g\u00fcvenlik ve yurda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f talepleriyle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etti.<\/p>\n

Konstantina Andrianopoulou ise Patrikhane ar\u015fivinden el yazmas\u0131 bir belge ve d\u00f6nemin gazeteleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yetim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kurtar\u0131lma hikayeleri, dil ve din farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi travmalar \u00fczerine konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgal Alt\u0131nda Farkl\u0131 Aray\u0131\u015flar<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc oturumda Andreas Baltas, “‘M\u00fctareke’ D\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul\u2019da Spor ve Ulusal \u0130deolojiler: Rum Spor Kul\u00fcpleri \u00d6rne\u011fi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131. Baltas bu d\u00f6nemde Rum spor kul\u00fcplerinin Rum kimli\u011finin kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bu d\u00f6nemde kurulan kul\u00fcpleri s\u0131ralayan Baltas, bu kul\u00fcplerin rit\u00fcellerinde Yunan antik d\u00f6neminden esinlendi\u011fini kaydetti. Baltas bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul’un Yunan irredentizminin merkezi haline geldi\u011fini, Venizelos\u00e7u milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin etkin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. 1921’de Herakles kul\u00fcb\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen oyunlara kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n geni\u015f oldu\u011funu, Yunan Milli Mar\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Baltas, 1922’de bir de federasyon kuruldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Bu federasyonun\u00a0 Bizans renklerini (sar\u0131-siyah) ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Baltas, 1923 sonras\u0131nda AEK, PAOK gibi kul\u00fcplerin T\u00fcrkiye’den gelenlerce kuruldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Sona Baldrian\u00a0 “Hay Gin Dergisi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ermeni Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Durumu” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda 1919’da Hayganu\u015f Mark taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Hay Gin (Ermeni Kad\u0131n\u0131) dergisine odakland\u0131. Derginin 1923’ten sonra da devam eden bir yay\u0131n oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. Baldrian derginin ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar ve\u00a0 feminizm aras\u0131nda denge kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kamusal alandaki rol\u00fcn\u00fcn e\u015f ve anne oldu\u011fu, onlar\u0131n bu alanda e\u011fitilmesi gerekti\u011fi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerle; kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u015fitlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin birlikte i\u015flendi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Baldrian dergide Zaruhi Kalemkaryan’\u0131n da etkin oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Baldrian’a g\u00f6re dergide \u00f6zellikle 1915 sonras\u0131nda cinsel \u015fiddete u\u011fram\u0131\u015f kad\u0131nlar\u0131n durumuna \u00f6nem verildi, onlar\u0131n toplumdan d\u0131\u015flanmamas\u0131 sal\u0131k verildi.<\/p>\n

Artin Bo\u015fgezenyan ve 1915<\/strong>
\nToplant\u0131ya \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kat\u0131lan Vah\u00e9 Tachjian’\u0131n sunumunun ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Bir Konu\u015fman\u0131n Hik\u00e2yesi: I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Sonras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Ermeni-T\u00fcrk \u0130li\u015fkilerini Tart\u0131\u015fmak” idi. Tachjian sunumunda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak II. Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi’nde Halep mebusu olan Artin Bo\u015fgezenyan’\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131na odakland\u0131. Bo\u015fgezenyan’\u0131n 1918’de Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi’nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmay\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan Tachjian, Bo\u015fgezenyan’\u0131n bu konu\u015fmada Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’na de\u011findi\u011fini, “M\u00fcthi\u015f bir su\u00e7tan bahsediyoruz, Ermeni felaketinden bahsediyorum. Burada esas fail T\u00fcrk ulusu de\u011fildir, \u00f6nceki\u00a0 T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetleridir” dedi\u011fini aktard\u0131. Tachjian, bu su\u00e7a kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirten Bo\u015fgezenyan’\u0131n ulus ile su\u00e7u i\u015fleyenler aras\u0131nda bir fark g\u00f6zetti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti . Tachjian ancak Bo\u015fgezenyan’a\u00a0 hem T\u00fcrk hem de Ermeni \u00e7evrelerinden itirazlar geldi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Tachjian,\u00a0 kolektif bir sorumluluk yarat\u0131labilmesi durumunda T\u00fcrklerle Ermeniler aras\u0131nda g\u00fcven duygusu olu\u015fabilece\u011fini, ancak bu sa\u011flanamay\u0131nca Ermenilerin geleceklerini Osmanl\u0131 devleti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda arad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Tachjian “Artin Efendi asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerle ya\u015famak istedi ancak 1923 sonras\u0131nda Soyk\u0131r\u0131m konusunda bir tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131,” dedi. Vahe Tachjian Artin Bo\u015fgezenyan gibi ki\u015filerin Ermeni toplumsal haf\u0131zas\u0131nda unutuldu\u011funu, keza Ermenilerle T\u00fcrklerin birarada ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 savunan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015finin de toplumsal haf\u0131zada unutuldu\u011funu\u00a0 kaydetti.<\/p>\n

\"(Soldan<\/em><\/div>\n
(Soldan sa\u011fa) Ay\u015fe \u00d6zil, Claire Le Bras, Dmitar Tasi\u0107<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

M\u00fctareke D\u00f6neminde Diplomasi<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcn son oturumunda Dmitar Tasi\u0107\u00a0 “Bitmi\u015f Sava\u015f ile Ertelenmi\u015f Bar\u0131\u015f Aras\u0131nda: S\u0131rp-H\u0131rvat-Sloven Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130stanbul Diplomatik Misyonu”,\u00a0 Claire Le Bras “Ankara ve \u0130stanbul\u2019u Temsil Etmek: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0130kili H\u00fck\u00fcmet ve Osmanl\u0131 Diplomatlar\u0131”,\u00a0 Eden Naby Frye de “\u0130stanbul\u2019da S\u00fcryani-\u0130ranl\u0131 Bir Ailenin New York\u2019a Gidi\u015fi: Para Birimleri, Siyasi Sekt\u00f6rler ve G\u00fcvenli Ge\u00e7i\u015f ” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumlar yapt\u0131lar. Tasi\u0107, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131nca \u00f6nceden Osmanl\u0131’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin Habsburg hakimiyetindeki S\u0131rp-H\u0131rvat-Sloven Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011fini,\u00a0 \u0130stanbul’daki\u00a0 Diplomatik Misyon’un a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bu konularla ilgilendi\u011fini anlatt\u0131.\u00a0 Tasi\u0107, o d\u00f6nemdeki H\u00fck\u00fcmetin baz\u0131 toprak meseleleri nedeniyle bu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flere so\u011fuk bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti. Tasi\u0107’e g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul’daki Misyon, T\u00fcrk Milli hareketinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve 1921’den itibaren Ankara ile temasa ge\u00e7tiler, 1922’de de konsolosluk vasf\u0131 ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Claire Le Bras Ocak_\u015eubat 1921’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Londra Konferans\u0131’na odakland\u0131 ve bu konferansa hem \u0130stanbul hem de Ankara heyetlerinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. \u0130ki heyetin ilk kez bu konferansta uluslararas\u0131 sahneye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden Le Bras bu d\u00f6nemde etkin olan \u00fc\u00e7 isme, Richard Blaque, Haim Nahum Efendi ve M\u00fcftizade Kaz\u0131m Ziya Bey’e odakland\u0131, bu \u00fc\u00e7 ismin Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile ili\u015fkilerine mercek tuttu. Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde olan Haim Nahum Efendi’nin Washington’da Ankara’n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini seslendirdi\u011fini, Lozan Konferans\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti. Eden Naby Frye ise \u0130ranl\u0131 S\u00fcryani bir ailenin sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde Tiflis ve \u0130stanbul \u00fczerinden ABD’ye ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar\u0131 anlat\u0131rken bu d\u00f6nemdeki pasaportlar \u00fczerinden d\u00f6nemin g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusuna mercek tuttu. Devletsiz bir toplum olan S\u00fcryanilerin, bilhassa da \u0130ran S\u00fcryanilerinin o d\u00f6nemki hayatlar\u0131ndan kesitler sundu.<\/p>\n

\"(Soldan<\/em><\/div>\n
(Soldan sa\u011fa) Kent Schull, Savvas Tsilenis, Allison Panelas , Ali Okumu\u015f<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Ki\u015fisel Anlat\u0131lar\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0130kinci g\u00fcn<\/a>\u00a0“Ki\u015fisel Anlat\u0131lar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumla ba\u015flad\u0131. Savvas Tsilenis\u00a0 “Arria Clondia\u2019n\u0131n Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi \u0130stanbul Hat\u0131ralar\u0131”na odakland\u0131. Tsilenis,\u00a0 Clondia’n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ismi olan Ekaterini\u00a0 Laskaridu ismiyle kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Memleketim Konstantinupolis’te On Be\u015f Bin G\u00fcn” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan an\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan bahsetti. Tsilenis, \u0130stanbullu bir ailenin k\u0131z\u0131 olan Laskaridu’nun 1923’ten sonra ailesi ile birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklara odakland\u0131. Tsilenis, sonradan bir edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 olan Laskaridu’nun bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sonraki edebi hayat\u0131nda etkili oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Tsilenis’in anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re 1923’te annesi ile birlikte on ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Romanya’ya ta\u015f\u0131nan Laskaridu sonras\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llar edebiyatla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r.\u00a0 1952’de uzun bir Avrupa, Latin Amerika gezisi i\u00e7in\u00a0 \u0130stanbul’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131r, Brezilya’da Portekizce \u00f6\u011frenir. 1955’te tekrar \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nmeye niyetlendi\u011finde\u00a0 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl deh\u015feti ya\u015fan\u0131r ve yazar Atina’da kalmaya karar verir, ya\u015fananlar\u0131 bir kitab\u0131na da yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Allison Panelas ise\u00a0 “Devletsiz ve \u00c7aresiz Kalmak” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde bilhassa Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131 ma\u011fduru pek \u00e7ok ki\u015finin devletsiz ve pasaportsuz bir halde seyahat etti\u011fini, “Nansen Pasaportu” kullanmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"(Soldan<\/em><\/div>\n
(Soldan sa\u011fa) Ahmet Kuya\u015f, Engin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Talat Ulusoy<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

M\u00fctareke D\u00f6neminde Edebiyat ve Siyaset<\/strong>
\n\u0130kinci g\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci oturumunun ilk konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 Engin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7’t\u0131. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 “T\u00fcrk Roman\u0131 ve \u0130\u015fgal \u0130stanbulu” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n edebiyata pek yans\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, buna mukabil M\u00fctareke d\u00f6nemini konu edinen pek \u00e7ok eserin kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti ve bu romanlar\u0131n bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc verdi. Bu d\u00f6nemi konu alan Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu’nun “Sodom ve Gomore” roman\u0131na odaklanan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, k\u00f6t\u00fc bir roman say\u0131labilecek bu eserin milliyet\u00e7i bir anlat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Romandaki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve antisemit pasajlardan \u00f6rnekler veren K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar’\u0131n “Sahnenin D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler” roman\u0131n\u0131 daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 buldu\u011funu, Tanp\u0131nar’\u0131n “\u0130yi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-k\u00f6t\u00fc Gayrim\u00fcslim” \u015fablonuna girmeden hikayesini anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Talat Ulusoy, “Hakikat ile Temas: Ali Kemal\u2019in Peyam Gazetesindeki Yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Yeniden Okumak” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda lin\u00e7 sonucu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Ali Kemal’in asl\u0131nda iyi bir yazar ve siyaset\u00e7i oldu\u011funu kaydederek d\u00f6nemin atmosferini anlatt\u0131, yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6rnekler verdi. Ulusoy \u0130zmir i\u00e7in bir kahraman olan Hasan Tahsin ile Ali Kemal’in asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n

Halide Edip ve Ermeniler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Konferansa \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kat\u0131lan Baki Tezcan “Merhametten Kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa: Halide Edib\u2019in M\u00fctareke D\u00f6nemi Gazete Yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Ermenileri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda Halide Edip’in 1909’da Adana Katliam\u0131’n\u0131 k\u0131nayan yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan\u00a0 \u00f6rnekler verdi, yazar\u0131n o d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerine y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddeti ele\u015ftiren bir tutum ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. Tezcan 1916’da Bahaettin \u015eakir’i bir katil olarak tan\u0131mlayan yazar\u0131n bu tutumunun M\u00fctareke d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul’un i\u015fgaliyle de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ifade etti. Tezcan yazar\u0131n daha sonra 1915 i\u00e7in “Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kan d\u00f6kme” arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini, Milli M\u00fccadele’den sonra ise Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinden \u00e7ok az bahsetti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00fctareke D\u00f6neminde Beyaz Ruslar<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc oturumu Timur Saitov’un “Rusya’daki \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f’tan Ka\u00e7\u0131p \u0130\u015fgal \u0130stanbulu’na S\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7evrimi\u00e7in sunumuyla ba\u015flad\u0131. Saitov, sunumunda 1917 Bol\u015fevik Devrimi sonras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’a ka\u00e7an Ruslar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131ndan kesitler aktard\u0131. M\u00fcltecilerin dilencilik gibi faaliyetlerde bulundu\u011funu belirten Satiov \u0130tilaf g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin askerlerinin baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131 kom\u00fcnist faaliyetlerde bulunduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle takip etti\u011fini kaydetti. Saitov baz\u0131 Rus giri\u015fimcilerin de vergi takibat\u0131na u\u011fray\u0131nca i\u015fletmelerini kapatt\u0131klar\u0131 bilgisini payla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130llegal faaliyetlerde bulunan baz\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler ise T\u00fcrk yarg\u0131 sisteminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f ve Rus el\u00e7ili\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanarak kentteki Rus hapishanelerinde tutulmu\u015f.\u00a0 Anush Hovhannisyan\u00a0 da “M\u00fctareke \u0130stanbulu\u2019nun \u2018Mikrokozmos\u2019u ve Beyaz Rus G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn Kaderi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda ayn\u0131 konuya odakland\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemde 300 binden fazla\u00a0 Rus m\u00fcltecinin \u0130stanbul’a geldi\u011fini kaydetti. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu’ya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan Vrangel’in neredeyse \u0130stanbul’da bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurdu\u011fu yorumlar\u0131n\u0131n o d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan Hovhannisyan, Bol\u015fevik h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan sonra \u0130stanbul’daki Ruslar aleyhinde \u0130stanbul bas\u0131n\u0131nda yaz\u0131lar \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin 1927’ye kadar ya T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi ya da \u00fclkeyi terk etmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Meclis\u2019te karar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Hovhannisyan 1925 sonras\u0131nda Beyaz Ruslar\u0131n tedricen \u0130stanbul’u terk etti\u011fini, SSCB’ye d\u00f6nen baz\u0131 asker k\u00f6kenlilerin ise idam edildi\u011fini ya da hapse at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f ve M\u00fctareke D\u00f6nemlerinde Sinema ve Tiyatro<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcn ve konferans\u0131n son oturumunda ilk konu\u015fmac\u0131\u00a0 \u00d6zde \u00c7eliktemel-Thomen’di. Thomen, “Sava\u015fta Sinema: I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 D\u00f6neminde Sava\u015f Filmleri ve Sinema Seyri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sunumunda sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde sineman\u0131n bir propaganda g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kurulan bir Amerikan Misyonu’nun T\u00fcrkiye ve Ermenistan’\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011fi bilgisin payla\u015ft\u0131. Misyonun ziyaretinin Amerikan ordusu taraf\u0131ndan kameraya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden ve bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerden kesitler sunan Thomen, misyonun Erzincan’da bir yetimhaneyi de ziyaret etti\u011fini ifade etti. Thomen o d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131’da da Merkez Ordu Sinema Dairesi’nin kuruldu\u011funu ve bu dairenin de faaliyetler g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcn ve konferans\u0131n son konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 Nesim Ovadya \u0130zrail’di. \u0130zrail\u00a0 “M\u00fctareke Y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Ermenice Tiyatro Faaliyetlerinin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde tiyatronun olu\u015fmas\u0131nda Ermenilerin tayin edici rol\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekti. 1908’den sonra T\u00fcrk sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da tiyatro yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden \u0130zrail, Dar\u00fclbedayi’nin kurulmas\u0131yla Ermeni sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. 1919-1922 M\u00fctareke d\u00f6neminin Ermenice tiyatro i\u00e7in bir imkan haline geldi\u011fini kaydeden \u0130zrail, bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7alkant\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan G\u00fcney Kafkasya’dan baz\u0131 Ermeni sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da \u0130stanbul’da sahneye \u00e7\u0131kma\u00a0 f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu\u011fu bilgisini payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1924’te Ermenice tiyatroya yasak kondu\u011funu ve d\u0131\u015flanman\u0131n kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam etti\u011fini ifade eden Nesim Ovadya \u0130zrail, bu d\u00f6nemde baz\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oyun oynamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131ndaki\u00a0 \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminde tekrar Ermenice oyun oynaman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale geldi\u011fini belirten \u0130zrail, ancak, 1955 sonras\u0131nda profesyonel Ermenice tiyatronun s\u00f6n\u00fcmlendi\u011fini, bayra\u011f\u0131 amat\u00f6r tiyatrolar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/27745\/istanbulda-savas-cokus-isgal-ve-direnisin-tarihi-konferanstan-notlar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018\u0130stanbul, 1914-1922: Sava\u015f, \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, \u0130\u015fgal ve Direni\u015fin Tarihi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bilimsel toplant\u0131 4-5 Kas\u0131m 2022 tarihlerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi. Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131 Anarad H\u0131\u011futyun binas\u0131nda y\u00fcz y\u00fcze yap\u0131lan konferans, vakf\u0131n internet sitesinden, Facebook ve YouTube kanal\u0131ndan ve Zoom \u00fczerinden \u0130ngilizce ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e canl\u0131 olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131. Konferansa yurti\u00e7i ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok akademisyen kat\u0131ld\u0131. Konferans\u0131n\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Hrant Dink […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":71006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-tartismalar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130stanbul\u2019da sava\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, i\u015fgal ve direni\u015fin tarihi: Konferanstan notlar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=71004\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130stanbul\u2019da sava\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, i\u015fgal ve direni\u015fin tarihi: Konferanstan notlar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2018\u0130stanbul, 1914-1922: Sava\u015f, \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, \u0130\u015fgal ve Direni\u015fin Tarihi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bilimsel toplant\u0131 4-5 Kas\u0131m 2022 tarihlerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi. 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