{"id":70387,"date":"2022-10-03T02:08:55","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T07:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70387"},"modified":"2022-10-03T02:08:55","modified_gmt":"2022-10-03T07:08:55","slug":"turkiyenin-cok-kulturlulukle-yeni-imtihani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70387","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fckle yeni imtihan\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye artan say\u0131da farkl\u0131 kimli\u011fi eskisi gibi kolayca asimile edemeyece\u011finden veya bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra zaten anlams\u0131zla\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan bu kimliklerle bir y\u00fczle\u015fme ve uyum s\u00fcrecini ya\u015famak zorunda.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Hamza Aktan<\/strong><\/p>\n

1923\u2019ten bu yana \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bast\u0131r\u0131larak tek kimlikli bir yap\u0131n\u0131n kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k asimilasyon, bask\u0131 ve de\u011fersizle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131ndan zay\u0131flayarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar itibariyle Ermeni ve Rum kimlikleri neredeyse g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez hale getirildi ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait, ancak belki baz\u0131 dizi ve filmlerin nostaljik birer \u00f6\u011fe olarak g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 unsurlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar g\u00f6rece var olan Rumlar ve Ermenilerin kamusal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri de bu d\u00f6nemin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, \u00f6zellikle Hrant Dink cinayetinden sonra birer birer kaybolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Tek kimlik \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc engelleyen veya zorlayan temel unsur ise a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla K\u00fcrtler olarak kald\u0131. Bununla da m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in 1990\u2019lara kadar denenen bilindik a\u00e7\u0131k\/bask\u0131n asimilasyon \u00e7abalar\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namay\u0131nca sessiz\/gizli asimilasyon s\u00fcrecine ge\u00e7ildi. Ancak bu da umulan neticeyi vermi\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

YEN\u0130 SOSYOLOJ\u0130K GER\u00c7EKLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fakat 2010\u2019lar itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k kimlik siyasetini, asimilasyon \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131z k\u0131lacak veya en ba\u015fa d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecek ciddi sosyolojik geli\u015fmeler\/de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. En b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fme elbette 4 milyona yak\u0131n Suriyeli m\u00fcltecinin \u00fclkeye gelmesi oldu. T\u00fcrkiye toplumu k\u0131sa bir zaman diliminde yeni bir etnik toplulukla bir arada ya\u015famak durumunda kald\u0131. Yine bu k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Araplar \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc etnik grubu haline geldi. Suriyeli g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk y\u0131llar\u0131 itibariyle g\u00fcndeme gelmese de y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde d\u00fckk\u00e2n tabelalar\u0131ndaki Arap\u00e7a kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan, Arap\u00e7a ders verilen resmi ve \u00f6zel okullara, kamusal hizmetlerde Arap\u00e7a terc\u00fcman sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndan bu dilde bilgilendirici i\u00e7erikler haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na kadar geleneksel sosyolojik ve b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6nce afallatan sonra d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren \u00e7ok say\u0131da ciddi geli\u015fme ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunlara ek olarak T\u00fcrkiye, geri g\u00f6nderilmeleri \u00fclkelerindeki i\u00e7 sava\u015f, devam eden belirsizlik ve politik durum nedeniyle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir gelecekte m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen Suriyeliler i\u00e7in biraz da mecburen sosyal uyum programlar\u0131na ba\u015flamak durumunda kald\u0131. Suriyeli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okula kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da ama\u00e7layan Ge\u00e7ici E\u011fitim Merkezleri\u2019nde Arap\u00e7a e\u011fitime izin verilmesi bu zorunlu ad\u0131mlardan biriydi. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkede yasal kal\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131na sahip yabanc\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve bu ki\u015filerin \u201c\u00fclkemizdeki sosyal, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayata uyumunun kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d ama\u00e7layan sosyal uyum ve ya\u015fam e\u011fitimleri de bu s\u00fcrecin bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Program, en az\u0131ndan \u015fu a\u015famadaki \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir sosyal uyumu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme potansiyelinden uzak olsa da bir kamusal niyeti a\u00e7\u0131k etmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi durumunda.<\/p>\n

Suriyelilerin sosyal uyumunun nas\u0131l bir \u201cuyum\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131, bunun asimilasyonist bir \u201cuyum\u201d mu yoksa o k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc kabullenen ve korumaya alan bir entegrasyon mu olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda pek kimsenin bir fikri ve politikas\u0131 hen\u00fcz yok. M\u00fclteci kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 diskurun oy toplar derecede g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde kimsenin b\u00f6yle bir tart\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctecek mecali -en az\u0131ndan se\u00e7imlere kadar- olmasa da meselenin yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndan biri olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u00c7OK K\u00dcLT\u00dcRL\u00dcL\u00dcKLE Y\u00dcZLE\u015eME<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ancak bilindi\u011fi gibi \u00fclkedeki yabanc\u0131lara dair tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fen sosyolojik de\u011fi\u015fimin \u00f6zneleri sadece Suriyeliler de\u011fil. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkede 3 milyon 760 bini Suriyeli olmak \u00fczere toplam 4 milyon 89 bin kay\u0131tl\u0131 m\u00fclteci bulunuyor. Suriyelilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 Afganlar, \u0130ranl\u0131lar, Pakistanl\u0131lar, T\u00fcrkmenistanl\u0131lar ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Tabii esas olarak kay\u0131tl\u0131 olmayan y\u00fczbinlerce g\u00f6\u00e7men\/m\u00fclteci de var. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re sadece son 5 y\u0131lda yakalanan d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon 215 bin. Yaln\u0131zca yakalanan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakalanamayan kay\u0131ts\u0131z g\u00f6\u00e7men\/m\u00fclteci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da en iyi ihtimalle bu civarda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede ikamet izniyle kalan yabanc\u0131lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da 2010\u2019dan sonra say\u0131larda her y\u0131l katlanarak artan bir y\u00fckseli\u015f s\u00f6z konusu. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu stat\u00fcyle kalan yabanc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 182 bin iken bu y\u0131l bu say\u0131 hen\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131n bitmesine 3 ay kala 1 milyon 364 bine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu izin t\u00fcr\u00fcyle kalan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkelerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da yine m\u00fcltecilerin men\u015fe \u00fclkeleri olan Irak (143 bin ki\u015fi), Suriye (106 bin), \u0130ran (98 bin), Afganistan (53 bin) gibi \u00fclkelerin \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkmenistan (115 bin), Rusya (108 bin), Azerbaycan (67 bin), \u00d6zbekistan (53 bin) da bu izin t\u00fcr\u00fcne en fazla ba\u015fvurunun oldu\u011fu di\u011fer \u00fclkeler.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, daha \u00f6nce Asya ve Afrika\u2019dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7e al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olan T\u00fcrkiye, bu y\u0131l Ukrayna ve Rusya\u2019dan gelen kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7lerle de tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u011fustos ay\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kay\u0131tl\u0131 Ukraynal\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 145 bine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ilk ay\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Rus say\u0131s\u0131 da 14 bini ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Son seferberlik karar\u0131ndan sonra binlerce Rusyal\u0131n\u0131n daha T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

M\u00fclteci veya g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da bir o kadar\u0131 veya belki daha fazlas\u0131 siyasi veya ekonomik sebeplerle ve birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardan gelmeye devam ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemine kadar Asya ve Afrika\u2019dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7men\/m\u00fcltecilerin Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir transit \u00fclke konumundayken Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n da s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya almas\u0131 ve bir s\u00fcredir izledi\u011fi geri itme (push back) politikas\u0131 nedeniyle bir var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 vasf\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f durumda. T\u00fcrkiye bu haliyle belki de tarihinin en \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00f6nemini ya\u015f\u0131yor. Yukar\u0131daki verilerden de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere bu \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn azalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine yak\u0131n gelecekte daha da \u00e7e\u015fitlenece\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6sterge mevcut. Devam eden g\u00f6\u00e7\/m\u00fclteci hareketlili\u011fi bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cister istemez\u201d ve hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde dinamik bir \u00fclke haline getiriyor ve \u00fclkedeki vatanda\u015f\u0131ndan devlet kurumlar\u0131na yine \u201cister istemez\u201d bir tak\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

GEC\u0130KM\u0130\u015e B\u0130R S\u00dcREC\u0130N SANCILARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye istedi\u011fi kadar u\u011fra\u015fsa da giderek artan say\u0131da farkl\u0131 kimli\u011fi eskisi gibi kolayca asimile edemeyece\u011finden veya buna giri\u015fse dahi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra zaten anlams\u0131zla\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan bu kimliklerle bir y\u00fczle\u015fme ve uyum s\u00fcrecini ya\u015famak zorunda kalacak. Elbette T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm kimliklerle yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015flama ve zay\u0131flatma refleksi geli\u015ftirebilmi\u015f bir \u00fclke a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 kolay olmayacak. Hatta hala en b\u00fcy\u00fck derdi K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019yi ve K\u00fcrt kimli\u011fini bast\u0131rmak olan devlet akl\u0131, bunun u\u011fruna bu yeni kimliklerle de m\u00fccadeleyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilir. Ancak bunun bo\u015fa bir \u00e7aba olaca\u011f\u0131 Suriyeliler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uzun s\u00fcredir anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Ne yeni gelen halklar\u0131n \u2013Almanya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler gibi- kendi dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini b\u0131rakma niyetleri var, ne de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm bu kimlikleri tek bir potada eritme kabiliyeti.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle, Avrupa ve Amerika k\u0131talar\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye k\u0131yasla gecikmi\u015f ve \u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilemez bir \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck s\u00fcrecinin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7iyor, bu \u00fclkelerin on y\u0131llar \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve sanc\u0131larla da yeni yeni y\u00fczle\u015fiyor. Bu yeni d\u00f6nemin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlar yaratm\u0131\u015f ve yaratmaya devam eden tek\u00e7i zihniyetinden kurtularak di\u011fer kimliklerle tan\u0131\u015fma ve bar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda bir f\u0131rsat ve imk\u00e2na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde ise yine kendi \u00fcretti\u011fi korkular\u0131 ve \u00fclk\u00fcleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir engel bulunmuyor. \u0130lk y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 kimlikleri zay\u0131flatma veya ortadan kald\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131yla ge\u00e7iren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131y\u0131mlarla ilerlememesi i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00f6yle bir ciddi imk\u00e2n \u2013h\u00e2l\u00e2- var.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkelerindeki sava\u015flar, siyasi bask\u0131lar veya ekonomik yoksunluklar nedeniyle gelmi\u015f milyonlarca yabanc\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, hak ve hizmetlere kendi dillerinde eri\u015fimlerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin demokratikle\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden birini de do\u011frudan kald\u0131racakt\u0131r. On y\u0131llard\u0131r tek dil, tek millet projesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc anti demokratik yolu kullanan devletin demokratik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc nihayet bu \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn zorunlu da olsa ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 kazan\u0131mlardan biri olabilir.<\/p>\n

\n

Gazete Duvar<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye artan say\u0131da farkl\u0131 kimli\u011fi eskisi gibi kolayca asimile edemeyece\u011finden veya bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra zaten anlams\u0131zla\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan bu kimliklerle bir y\u00fczle\u015fme ve uyum s\u00fcrecini ya\u015famak zorunda. Hamza Aktan 1923\u2019ten bu yana \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bast\u0131r\u0131larak tek kimlikli bir yap\u0131n\u0131n kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k asimilasyon, bask\u0131 ve de\u011fersizle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131ndan zay\u0131flayarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar itibariyle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":70389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fckle yeni imtihan\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70387\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fckle yeni imtihan\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye artan say\u0131da farkl\u0131 kimli\u011fi eskisi gibi kolayca asimile edemeyece\u011finden veya bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra zaten anlams\u0131zla\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan bu kimliklerle bir y\u00fczle\u015fme ve uyum s\u00fcrecini ya\u015famak zorunda. 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