{"id":70332,"date":"2022-09-28T05:15:52","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T10:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70332"},"modified":"2022-09-28T05:15:52","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T10:15:52","slug":"14-eylul-1916-ankara-yangini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70332","title":{"rendered":"14 Eyl\u00fcl 1916, Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Recep Mara\u015fl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

13-17 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de \u0130zmir\u2019i yak\u0131p k\u00fcl eden yang\u0131n\u0131 kim \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Yunan ordusu \u201cka\u00e7arken \u015fehri ate\u015fe mi verdi\u201d; \u0130rmeni ve Rum komitac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi mi; yoksa T\u00fcrk ordusu, Rumlar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc engellemek i\u00e7in Rum ve Ermeni mahallerini kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak m\u0131 yakt\u0131? Ya da T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan her \u015feyi yok etmek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat kollayan bir Vandalizm mi?<\/p>\n

\u0130lki<\/strong><\/b>; \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131, resmi T\u00fcrk s\u00f6ylemine g\u00f6re \u201cYunanl\u0131lar\u0131n denize d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o g\u00fcnlerde \u015fehirde kalmam\u0131\u015f olan Yunan ordusunun \u015fehri ate\u015fe vermi\u015f olmas\u0131 mant\u0131ks\u0131z\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi<\/strong><\/b>; Yang\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Rum ve Ermeni mahallerini k\u00fcl etti. (\u00d6rne\u011fin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Fuar alan\u0131 bir Ermeni mahallesiydi.) Bu da Yang\u0131n\u0131n siyasi-toplumsal bir kas\u0131tla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir kan\u0131t.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/b>; \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Kemalist ordunun \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tan\u0131k olan Rumlar ve Avrupal\u0131 g\u00f6zlemciler taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan pek \u00e7ok an\u0131, kitap\u00a0\u00a0ve belgesel var. Bunlar\u0131n \u201ctarafl\u0131\u201d propaganda oldu\u011funa itiraz edenlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir tan\u0131kl\u0131k ise T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve Kemalist hareketin ideologlar\u0131ndan biri olmas\u0131yla tan\u0131nan \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 ATAY\u2019dan gelir. Atay kitab\u0131nda \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n Sakall\u0131 Nurettin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fi oldu\u011funu yazar. Sakall\u0131 Nurettin zaten, Ko\u00e7giri\u2019de K\u00fcrtlere, Karadeniz\u2019de Pontus Rumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zalimliklerle bilinen bir komutand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cG\u00e2vur \u0130zmir karanl\u0131kta alev alev, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz t\u00fcte t\u00fcte yan\u0131p bitti. Yang\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar, o zaman bize s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, sadece Ermeni kundak\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0131 idi? Bu i\u015fte Ordu kumandan\u0131 Nureddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n hayli marifeti oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yliyenler \u00e7oktu… Ya\u011fmac\u0131lar da ate\u015fin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine yard\u0131m ettiler. En \u00e7ok esef etti\u011fim \u015feylerden biri, bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmaya giden subay, b\u00fct\u00fcn taarruz harbleri boyunca \u00e7ekmi\u015f oldu\u011fu filmleri otelde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu tarih\u00ee vesikalar\u0131n yan\u0131p gitmesi olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0\u0130zmir\u2019i ni\u00e7in yak\u0131yorduk?<\/strong><\/i><\/b>(ab\u00e7)\u00a0<\/em>Kordon konaklar\u0131, oteller ve kazinolar kal\u0131rsa, azl\u0131klardan kurtulamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan m\u0131 korkuyorduk. Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbinde Ermeniler tehcir olundu\u011fu vakit, Anadolu \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131n\u0131n oturulabilir ne kadar mahalle ve semtleri varsa, yine bu korku ile yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bu kuru kuruya tahrip\u00e7ilik hissinden gelen bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bunda bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k duygusunun da tesiri var. Bir Avrupa par\u00e7as\u0131na benzeyen her k\u00f6\u015fe, sanki H\u0131ristiyan veya yabanc\u0131 olmak, mutlaka bizim olmamak kaderinde idi. Bir harb daha olsa da yenilmi\u015f olsak, \u0130zmir\u2019i arsalar h\u00e2linde b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olmak, \u015fehrin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruma\u011fa k\u00e2fi mi gelecekti?\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu anlat\u0131mda biraz hay\u0131flanma vard\u0131r ama insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f bu su\u00e7larla elde edilmi\u015f olan siyasi, ekonomik, toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel rant\u0131n \u00fczerine oturmak, onu korumak konusunda cansiperane ortak olmaktan da vaz ge\u00e7ilmez.<\/p>\n

Sonuncusu<\/strong><\/b>; Bir kente kendi ulusal bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011finiz zaman, \u201cart\u0131k buras\u0131 benim egemenli\u011fimin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, burada olup bitenden ben sorumluyum\u201d demektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu tarihten sonra kentte olup bitmi\u015f olan her olay\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu Kemalist iktidara aittir. Nas\u0131l, \u201c\u0130zmir\u2019i kurtard\u0131k, Yunan\u0131 denize d\u00f6kt\u00fck\u201d ad\u0131yla kutlama yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z, kendileri as\u0131rlard\u0131r \u0130zmir\u2019in yerli halk\u0131 olan Rumlar\u0131n, Ermenilerin katledilmesi, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, evinin bark\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131l\u0131p ya\u011fma edilmesi, tecav\u00fcze u\u011framalar\u0131n\u0131n, etnik temizli\u011fe u\u011frat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlusu da devletin kendisidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir’in, Kemalist ordular taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irili\u015finin 100. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u0130zmir’de b\u00fcy\u00fck kutlamalar e\u015fli\u011finde bir de Tarkan’\u0131n pop konseri vard\u0131. \u0130slamc\u0131 AKP iktidar\u0131na muhalif olmay\u0131, sek\u00fcler ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Cumhuriyeti savunmay\u0131 ve konser yasaklar\u0131na tepkiyi dile getirdi\u011fi gibi gerek\u00e7elerle “sol Kemalistler” taraf\u0131ndan co\u015fkuyla desteklenen bu kutlamalar; ayn\u0131 zamanda AKP-MHP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015f ve i\u015fgal politikalar\u0131na destek vermi\u015f olmay\u0131; tarihsel olarak Rum, Ermeni, Yahudi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; g\u00fcncel olarak K\u00fcrt ve Suriyeli g\u00f6\u00e7men d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-\u015fovenist politikalarda iktidardan daha “\u015fahin” olmay\u0131 da perdelemeye yar\u0131yordu!<\/p>\n

Twitter’daki hesab\u0131mdan, kendini “solcu, devrimci, sosyalist, demokrat” olarak\u00a0tan\u0131mlayan kimi ki\u015fi ve \u00e7evrelerin \u00e7ifte standartl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,”\u00a06-7 Eyl\u00fcl’e a\u011flayan kimileri 9 Eyl\u00fcl’de “bayram!” yap\u0131p, e\u011flenebiliyor! Her ikisinin de \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ayn\u0131 politikan\u0131n sonucu oldu\u011funu anlamak istemiyor; \u00d6nasya’n\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k yerli halklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; yok edilmesi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ekonomik varl\u0131klar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131…” (10 Eyl\u00fcl 2022) diyerek\u00a0ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftim.<\/p>\n

Beklenilece\u011fi gibi bu \u00e7evrelerden bir \u00e7ok tepki geldi:<\/p>\n

#9Eyluel<\/a>\u00a0ile ilgili tweetime tepki g\u00f6sterenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu; “sava\u015fta her \u015fey m\u00fcbaht\u0131r” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndalar sanki. Sivil halk\u0131n -ki onlar da Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131yd\u0131- katledilmesini, yak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesini, tecav\u00fcz edilmesini, mal\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn gasp edilmesini normal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Burada hi\u00e7\u00a0\u00a0sorun g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorlar. Halbuki bu sava\u015f f\u0131rsat\u0131yla yerli halk\u0131n etnik temizli\u011fe u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f bir su\u00e7tur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok \u00fcsteleyince “onlar \u00e7ok mu iyiydi, onlar da bize yapt\u0131 veya yapacakt\u0131!” diye savunmaya ge\u00e7iyorlar. Yap\u0131lanlar yine m\u00fcbah oluyor… \u0130\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, kayg\u0131 veya su\u00e7luluk duymuyorlar; hatta bunu e\u011flence ile kutluyorlar. Nas\u0131l bir durum i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131n acaba fark\u0131ndalar m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Bir de \u00e7ok az bilinen, fazla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan, \u015fehrin zengin Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudi mahallelerini ortadan kald\u0131ran \u201c1916 ANKARA YANGINI<\/strong><\/b>\u201d var\u2026<\/p>\n

1916 ANKARA YANGINI<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

Devletin resmi kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda da yer alan, 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 gecesi ba\u015flay\u0131p iki g\u00fcn iki gece s\u00fcren yang\u0131n Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Kale d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan mahallelerinin neredeyse 4\u2019te \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc yok etti. \u201cYakacak bir \u015fey kalmay\u0131nca kendili\u011finden s\u00f6nen\u201d yang\u0131n sonucu; 1033 ev,\u00a0\u00a0915 d\u00fckk\u00e2n, 7 kilise, 6 okul 3 hastane ve daha bir\u00e7ok resmi gayri resmi bina k\u00fcl olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Tamamen yanan 8 mahallenin 7\u2019sinde Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudi vatanda\u015flar bulunmaktayd\u0131.Hisar\u00f6n\u00fc Mahallesi,\u00a0\u0130nebey, Debba\u011fhane,\u00a0Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren, Dikmen ve Balgat civar\u0131, Ortodoks-Rum ve Ermeni halk\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdi.[2]<\/a>\u00a07 Kilisenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 2 de cami yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 yang\u0131n \u00f6ncesi Ankara\u2019da 44 cami ve 12 kilise bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman mah\u00e2llelerinden Ye\u011fenbey tamamen yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gayrim\u00fcslim mah\u00e2llelerden ise Hisar-\u0131 Fukara, Hisar-\u0131 A\u011fniya, Kurt, \u00c7ak\u0131rlar, Keth\u00fcda ve Mihriyar mah\u00e2lleleri tamamen yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tamamen yanan mah\u00e2llelerden sadece Hac\u0131 Mansur mah\u00e2llesinin n\u00fcfusu ka\u00adr\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131. Yine k\u0131smen yanan mah\u00e2llelerden ise Emirler, Misafir Fak\u00ee ve Sultan Alaeddin mahallelerinin n\u00fcfusu tamamen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131. K\u0131smen yanan \u0130mam Yusuf, Debba\u011fhane ve Hac\u0131 Ash\u00e2b, Ef\u00ee (Af\u00ee), Hatuniye, Boyac\u0131 Ali mah\u00e2lleleri kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131na sahipti. Valtarin ve G\u00e2vzur (K\u00e2z\u00fbr) Ali mah\u00e2lleleri ise sadece gayrim\u00fcslimlerin oturdu\u011fu mah\u00e2llelerdi Netice itiba\u00adriyle ve ifade edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re bu yang\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcnden be\u015f bin aile evsiz-barks\u0131z bir h\u00e2le d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u201d [3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cAncak \u015fehir insans\u0131z kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama insanlar \u015fehirsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve art\u0131k or\u00adtada bir Ankara, en iyimser ifade ile Ankara\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fczel ve en m\u00e2mur yar\u0131s\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile simsiyah k\u00fcl y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 iki g\u00fcn evvelki g\u00fczel Ankara\u2019n\u0131n ortada kalan tek \u015fahitleri ve temsilcileri idiler.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n sonras\u0131nda \u201cbar\u0131nacak bir dam alt\u0131 bile bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019da kalan Ermenilerin de tehcirine karar veriliyor. O s\u0131rada Ankara\u2019n\u0131n adeta bir siyasi, adli s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve esir askerler kenti durumunda oldu\u011fu da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ve resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar bu ki\u015filerin nerelere nas\u0131l g\u00f6nderilecekleri konusuna odaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ankara yang\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin Ali Birinci\u2019nin zikretti\u011fi baz\u0131 evraklara g\u00f6re yang\u0131n ilk \u00d6nce Dar\u00fcleytam (Yetimler Yurdu) ile biti\u015fi\u011findeki Serceo\u011flu Agob\u2019un mektebi ve emekli binba\u015f\u0131 Ferit Bey\u2019in hizmetindeki askerlerin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 binalardan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Bir cinayet, bir sabotaj, kundaklama gibi \u201cfaili me\u00e7hul\u201d bir olay oldu\u011funda, zanl\u0131y\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in fiilden kimin, kimlerin faydas\u0131 oldu\u011funa bak\u0131l\u0131r. Yang\u0131ndan kimlerin siyasi ve maddi fayda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bellidir. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n sonras\u0131nda, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilenlerin ard\u0131ndan 16 \u015fehir ve kasabada b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131\/\u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fusunun \u0130zmir\u2019deki gibi \u201cs\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 veya miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n evlerine geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ihtimalini\u201d de ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Ankara\u2019daki Ermenilerin 1915 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc vali Mazhar Bey\u2019in ayak s\u00fcr\u00fcmesi nedeniyle bir s\u00fcre gecikmi\u015f; yeni atanan vali vekili At\u0131f Bey ile birlikte s\u00fcrg\u00fcn i\u015flemleri h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gregoryen Ermenilerin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlanm\u0131\u015f, Katolik Ermenilerin ve Rum Ortodokslar\u0131n tehciri tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan geri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tehcirden \u00f6nce 1914 Osmanl\u0131 say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Ankara\u2019da\u00a0\u00a0915 Protestan, 3.342 Gregoryen ve 6.990 Katolik ya\u015famaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ankara Valisi Dr.Mehmet Re\u015fit\u2019tir (\u015eahingiray). 1915\u2019de Diyarbak\u0131r Valisi idi ve arkas\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131lan Ermeni mahallesi bulunuyordu.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

YANGINININ TANIKLARI<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

Bu yang\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131nda yaz\u0131p yay\u0131nlayan iki \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

Birisi,\u00a0<\/strong><\/b>\u201ci\u00e7eriden\u201d bir isim olan gazeteci-yazar\u00a0Refik Halid Karay<\/strong><\/b>\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Karay, o tarihte \u0130ttihad-Terakki y\u00f6netimine muhalefet eden yaz\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle i\u00e7 i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201cmecburi ikamet\u201de tabi tutuldu\u011fu Ankara\u2019da bulunuyordu. Yang\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcp ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131. \u201cDeli\u201d ad\u0131yla 1939\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan an\u0131lar\u0131nda Ankara yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzunca bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Di\u011feri, Ankaral\u0131 Rumlardan\u00a0Androniki Karasuli Mastrudi<\/strong><\/b>\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

Karasuli\u2019nin yang\u0131nla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Atina\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u201cKay\u0131p Vatan\u0131mdan Hat\u0131ralar (Ankara\u2019daki Hayat\u0131m)\u201d[7]<\/a>\u00a0isimli kitab\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Hen\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f olsa da Alican Ba\u015fdemir,\u00a0Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u00a0konu ile ilgili makale ve kitaplar\u0131nda Karasuli\u2019nin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Refik Halid (Karay);<\/em><\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cEn korkun\u00e7, en b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlara al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelen bir \u0130stanbul \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u0131fatile s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum, Ankara yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmiyenler Roma \u015fehri\u00adnin nas\u0131l yand\u0131\u011f\u0131na, o deh\u015fete, o k\u0131yamete ak\u0131l erdiremezler\u201d\u00a0<\/em>diyerek yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc bir anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan Karay\u2019\u0131n, olayla ilgili t\u00fcm yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya aktar\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

[Kitab\u0131 bana ileten Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu\u2019na te\u015fekk\u00fcrler.]<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026<\/p>\n

Bunlar yeti\u015fmiyormu\u015f gibi bir b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketle daha kar\u015f\u0131\u00adla\u015ft\u0131k: Ezrail zebani oldu, elindeki orak ise me\u015fale ve kundak… Kara Ankara\u2019y\u0131 k\u0131pk\u0131z\u0131l g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, sonra da k\u00fcl rengi!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bir geceydi, sokaktaki vakitsiz ayak sesleri, tela\u015fl\u0131 gezinme\u00adler ve heyecanl\u0131 konu\u015fmalarla uyand\u0131m. Ne vard\u0131, ne oluyor\u00addu? Bir \u015fey de\u011filmi\u015f, yang\u0131n varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131nd\u0131m: Ha, evet, i\u015fte t\u00e2 \u00f6tede, uzakta, bize eri\u015fmesine imk\u00e2n olmayan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir mahallede, sakin, korkak, hi\u00e7ten bir alev, \u00fcrkek, i\u015ftahs\u0131z bir kedi dili gibi karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r yalay\u0131p duruyor. Hava durgun… Elbette s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrler, dedim, yatt\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Halbuki o bir kar\u0131\u015f alev, uz\u0131ya b\u00fcy\u00fcye, ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc bizim pansiyonu da kavurup Ankara\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00fcl, k\u00f6m\u00fcr etmi\u015fti. En korkun\u00e7, en b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlara al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelen bir \u0130stanbul \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u0131fat\u0131yla s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum. Ankara yang\u0131\u00adn\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeyenler Roma \u015fehrinin nas\u0131l yand\u0131\u011f\u0131na, o deh\u015fete, o k\u0131yamete ak\u0131l erdiremezler.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki gece, iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcren bu yang\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak isterim:<\/p>\n

Durgun bir gecenin alt\u0131nda alev diliyle karanl\u0131k g\u00f6k\u00fc yala\u00admak isteyen, fakat eri\u015femeyen o miskin, kudretsiz yang\u0131n ba\u015f\u00adlang\u0131c\u0131na benim gibi galiba kimse de ehemmiyet vermemi\u015fti Tekrar dalar gibi olmu\u015ftum, seslerin fazlala\u015fmas\u0131 merak\u0131m\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131; etraf\u0131ma yeniden bakmak \u00fczere yata\u011f\u0131mdan do\u011f\u00adrulur do\u011frulmaz u\u011fursuz u\u011fursuz bir \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n, uzakta \u00e7ehremi korkun\u00e7\u00a0bir k\u0131z\u0131ll\u0131kla ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydum. Tutu\u015fan evin ba\u011fr\u0131ndan havaya co\u015fkun bir f\u0131skiye kuvvetiyle ate\u015f ve k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n siyah b\u00f6\u011fr\u00fcnde bu yang\u0131n kan yerine alev ve p\u0131ht\u0131 yerine tutu\u015fmu\u015f yongalar sa\u00e7an efsanev\u00ee bir dev yaras\u0131na ben\u00adziyordu. Sanki bu kara dev \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131ndan k\u0131vran\u0131yor ve nefesleri etrafa b\u00fckl\u00fcm b\u00fckl\u00fcm, halka halka, duman halinde yay\u0131l\u0131yor\u00addu; t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici bir h\u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131 da g\u00fbya g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u00adyordu.<\/p>\n

\u201cBereket ki r\u00fczg\u00e2r yok…\u201d dedim, evet, hava \u00f6lg\u00fcnd\u00fc, bu bir \u00fcmit idi. Fakat r\u00fczg\u00e2r ne kadar olmasa gene, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iki evin pencerelerinden kom\u015fular\u0131n kolayl\u0131kla konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 de\u00ad\u011fil, hatt\u00e2 el s\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 dar sokaklar\u0131 ve kav halini alm\u0131\u015f cumba\u00adlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek bu ate\u015fin elli, altm\u0131\u015f evin hakk\u0131ndan gelece\u011fini hesaba katmak laz\u0131md\u0131. Nitekim birinci ev yan\u0131ndakine k\u0131z\u0131l ve k\u0131zg\u0131n kollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bir \u00e2\u015f\u0131k gibi dolad\u0131; \u00f6teki kabahatli ma\u015fukas\u0131na k\u00fcsm\u00fc\u015f bir ceng\u00e2ver selabetiyle yerinde duruyor, ald\u0131rm\u0131yordu. Fakat di\u011feri kollar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla sar\u0131yor, aban\u0131\u00adyor, ate\u015f buselerini sevgilisinin v\u00fccudu \u00fczerinde m\u00fctemadiyen dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, kendisine rametmek istiyordu. Birden o evin de i\u00e7in i\u00e7in yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 camlar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bana bir aral\u0131k sallan\u0131yor gibi geldi; sonra bir anda dam\u0131 \u00e7atlad\u0131 ve ya\u00adr\u0131m saattir sinesinde toplan\u0131p biriken ate\u015f bir bomba sadas\u0131yla beraber g\u00f6\u011fe serpildi.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k bundan \u00f6teki m\u00fcthi\u015f bir oburluktu. Her dam di\u011feri\u00adne alevlerini kucak kucak ikram ediyor, kulaklar\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden bir \u015fap\u0131rt\u0131 aras\u0131nda dumandan eller ate\u015ften meyvalar\u0131 yutuyor,\u00a0\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr\u00fcyor, ko\u015fuyor, gene yiyor, gene s\u00fcm\u00fcr\u00fcyor, evler purpr tu\u00advaletlerini giyerek bu misilsiz cehennem ziyafetinden hissesini kap\u0131yor, k\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n\u0131n esrarengiz bir sirayeti vard\u0131. Giyindim, seyrine ko\u015ftum. Ben oraya var\u0131ncaya kadar sekiz, on ev \u00e7oktan k\u0131z\u0131l bi\u00adrer k\u00fcl y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesilmi\u015fti. Bir saate varmadan ate\u015f d\u00f6rt, be\u015f kola ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, hatt\u00e2 perendeler atarak damdan dama s\u0131\u00e7ramaya, me\u00adsafeler a\u015fmaya, harikalar g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatt\u00e2 r\u00fczg\u00e2r yoktu, fakat bir damla su da yoktu. Ate\u015f artt\u0131k\u00e7a havada mevzii bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r h\u00e2s\u0131l yoktu. Ate\u015f artt\u0131k\u00e7a havada mevzii bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r h\u00e2s\u0131l oldu; tahta par\u00e7alar\u0131 yerlerinden koparak manc\u0131n\u0131kla at\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015f gibi v\u0131zl\u0131yarak g\u00f6kte bir mitraly\u00f6z harbi yap\u0131yordu. Sabah okurken yang\u0131n sade bir\u00e7ok kollara de\u011fil, bir\u00e7ok mahallelere de ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Derken sedyeler, yani yaral\u0131lar ve yan\u0131klar da meydanc\u0131k\u00adlara doldu. E\u015fya nakline darl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 imk\u00e2n yoktu; insan\u00adlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi sokaklar, mesela bir piyano veya kanape ile t\u0131kan\u0131veriyordu. Civardan getirilen amele taburlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 saat faaliyetten sonra tab\u0131tuvandan kesildi. Art\u0131k yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00admeye kimse \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yordu. Hatt\u00e2 e\u015fya kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar da azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk can\u0131n\u0131 veya \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocu\u011funu kurtarabilmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyecek hale gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ben m\u00fctemadiyen geziyor, en tehlikeli yerlerde seyrime devam ediyordum. Bizim mahalle kurtulaca\u011fa benziyordu. Bir meydanl\u0131\u011fa rastgeldim; Ankara Ermenilerinin zenginli\u011fine delil olarak orada muvakkat bir \u00e2bide kurulmu\u015ftu: Yang\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan y\u00fcz kadar piyanonun s\u0131ra s\u0131ra dizildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm; \u00fcstlerine se\u00e7me, pahal\u0131 hal\u0131lar serilmi\u015fti. Birden, kocaman bir yan\u0131k k\u00fct\u00fck geldi, aralar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye ko\u015facak adam yoktu; o k\u00fct\u00fck bir kundak gibi \u00e7eyrek saate kalmad\u0131, piyanolar\u0131 tutu\u015fturdu. Hem nas\u0131l tutu\u015fturmak? Gaz d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, benzin serp\u00admi\u015f gibi… Tellerinden binbir na\u011fme \u00e7\u0131karak o kupkuru, cilal\u0131 sand\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok acayip olmu\u015ftu. \u0130nsan gibi inleye inleye, telleri ate\u015f gibi k\u0131zararak, bembeyaz di\u015fleri s\u0131caktan etrafa p\u0131\u00adt\u0131r p\u0131t\u0131r serpilerek ne feci ve ne tuhaf yan\u0131yorlard\u0131… Yang\u0131na civar mahallelerdeki evler art\u0131k herkesin girmek hakk\u0131 olan umum\u00ee mahallere d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kap\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; e\u015fyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yer\u00adli yerinde duruyor ve halk i\u00e7eriye dalarak ahalisi ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan bu meskenleri istedi\u011fi gibi geziyor ve i\u00e7inden istedi\u011fini al\u0131yor\u00addu. Yolda sa\u00e7lar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k, g\u00f6zleri \u00fcrkm\u00fc\u015f ve g\u00fczellikleri artm\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlara rasgeliyordum; ellerinde yang\u0131ndan kurtard\u0131klar\u0131 e\u015fya vard\u0131: Lavanta \u015fi\u015feleri pudra kutular\u0131, kordela ve dantela par\u00e7alar\u0131, kadife muhafazalar…<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden analar\u0131n ise haddi hesab\u0131 yoktu. K\u0131\u00adyamet Ankara\u2019da o g\u00fcn kopmu\u015ftu ve mah\u015fer o g\u00fcn buras\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Biran geldi ki deh\u015fet beni de sard\u0131. Alev dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m ya\u011fmurunun \u015fak\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131 ve duman bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015fa\u015falad\u0131m, kald\u0131m. Art\u0131k kendi evime \u00e7\u0131kacak yollar\u0131 bulamaz hale gelmi\u015ftim; daha do\u011frusu sokaklar \u00f6yle de\u00ad\u011fi\u015fivermi\u015f, tan\u0131nmaz bir \u015fekil alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ma sahip de olsam gene kolayca onlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rt edemezdim. Ate\u015ften \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n feyezan halindeki korkun\u00e7 iniltisi kulaklar\u0131m\u0131 t\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, yer yer g\u00f6\u00e7en evlerden f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran k\u0131z\u0131l k\u00f6p\u00fckler g\u00f6zleri\u00admi yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sa\u011fa, sola ko\u015fuyordum. \u00d6n\u00fcme birisi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cNe ar\u0131yorsunuz buralarda, dedi, ate\u015f sizin eve yakla\u015ft\u0131!\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcme d\u00fc\u015fen bu adam\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk \u00fcze\u00adrinden atl\u0131ya atl\u0131ya, tutu\u015fmu\u015f k\u00fct\u00fckleri \u00e7i\u011fneyerek, alevli r\u00fczg\u00e2rdan \u00e7ehrem kavrula kavrula, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n gibi gidiyordum. Ni\u00adhayet evi bulduk. Bir \u00e7eyre\u011fe kadar e\u015fyam\u0131z\u0131 toplay\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u00adsak can\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtarmaktan ba\u015fka yapacak bir \u015fey kalm\u0131yordu. Fakat, haydi diyelim ki e\u015fyay\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131k, nas\u0131l nakledecektik? Ve daha m\u00fchimmi var: Nereye ta\u015f\u0131nacakt\u0131k?<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte burada ahbaplar imdad\u0131ma yeti\u015fti. Ankara\u2019da yeni ta\u00adn\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir asker doktor kendili\u011finden bana d\u00f6rt neferle bir y\u00fck arabas\u0131 g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti; be\u015f dakikada denkler haz\u0131r oldu. Za\u00adten askerden olmayanlar i\u00e7in ne araba kiralamak, ne hamal tutmak, ne de yol a\u00e7mak kabildi. Ancak asker kuvvetiyle bir mahalden mahalle ta\u015f\u0131nmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oluyordu. Bizim araba da bu kudretle, neferler ahaliyi itip kakarak, kendine yol bulu\u00adyor, kayna\u015fan bir halk\u0131n \u00fczerinden, hatt\u00e2 bazen \u00fcst\u00fcnden a\u015f\u0131p gidiyordu.<\/p>\n

Biz kap\u0131dan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, evimiz, hani tanzim edip sakin ve rahat\u00e7a nice g\u00fcnler ge\u00e7irdi\u011fimiz terase yok mu, oradan ate\u015f ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131m saat sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmet kona\u011f\u0131n\u0131n arka sokaklar\u0131ndan birinde, geni\u015f bir kona\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde idik. Ankaral\u0131 bir arkada\u015f yang\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik kurtulup kalan evini bize b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n art\u0131yordu. Yeniden gece oldu; Ankara tek par\u00e7a bir ate\u015f kesildi. Ahali k\u0131rlarda, kurtarabildikleri k\u0131r\u0131k d\u00f6k\u00fck e\u015fya ortas\u0131nda, yerlerde yat\u0131yor ve a\u00e7l\u0131ktan, susuzluktan k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor\u00addu. Bir lokma ekmek, bir avu\u00e7 su bulmak imk\u00e2ns\u0131z… Telgrafla Eski\u015fehir\u2019e haber verilmi\u015f, ekmek, itfaiye istenmi\u015fti. Her ikisi de geldi, l\u00e2kin ekmekler te\u015fkilats\u0131zl\u0131ktan tevzi olunamad\u0131, itfai\u00adye de ate\u015fin deh\u015feti, geni\u015fli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duraklad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ben gene Neronun tutu\u015fmu\u015f Roma\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 dola\u015fmaya ba\u015fla\u00add\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Manzara hakk\u0131nda bir fikir vermek i\u00e7in alev dalgas\u0131 ate\u015f deryas\u0131, cehennem gibi kelimelerin kuvveti olamazd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn mahlukat ve mevcudat\u0131n\u0131n ate\u015ften yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcn\u00adya cehennemi i\u00e7inde idik. Halk semenderler gibiydi; alev ve korku ortas\u0131nda ko\u015fu\u015fuyor, \u015furadan, buradan atlay\u0131p ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, gene geliyor, gene gidiyor, p\u00fcr hareket, bu k\u0131z\u0131ll\u0131kta ya\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n Yahudi mahallesini sar\u0131nca o tela\u015f son haddini buldu; feryat d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kaplad\u0131, heyecan yeri, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fc titretti. Ankara\u2019n\u0131n en kibar mahalleri, en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131, serveti, refah\u0131 \u00e7oktan k\u00fcl kesilmi\u015fti. \u015eimdi de di\u011fer bir semti, bir zengin mahallesi ate\u015f alt\u0131nda idi.<\/p>\n

Neler g\u00f6rmedim… Sa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan tutu\u015fmu\u015f kad\u0131nlar, yolda do\u011furan gebeler, c\u00fcbbeleri alev alm\u0131\u015f hahamlar ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu k\u0131yamet yerinde izbe k\u00f6\u015feler bulup sarma\u015fdola\u015f olan \u00e2\u015f\u0131klar… Ne garibeler vard\u0131. Secdeye kapananlar oldu\u011fu gibi sevgilileri\u00adnin dizlerine t\u0131rmananlar ve boynuna kollar\u0131n\u0131 dolayanlar da mevcuttu. E\u015fya \u00e7apulculu\u011fu kadar kad\u0131n \u00e7apulculu\u011fu da reva\u00e7\u00adta idi. \u0130lle k\u0131pk\u0131z\u0131l sa\u00e7lar\u0131 ate\u015fin akisleri alt\u0131nda alevden daha k\u0131z\u0131l kesilen bir taze Yahudi k\u0131zma rasgeldim ki, gen\u00e7 \u0131rkda\u015f\u0131, \u00fczerine pars gibi bir k\u00f6\u015feden at\u0131ld\u0131lar ve tutunca -g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcnde- bir bo\u015f evin lo\u015flu\u011funa att\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fvesinden, cilvesinden, bekleyi\u015finden ve isteklili\u011finden belli ki bu Sara veya Rebeka i\u00e7in i\u00e7in tutu\u015fmu\u015f bir kundak bir k\u00fcrek kor, bir k\u00fcl\u00e7e beyaz ate\u015fti. Gen\u00e7lerin tulumbac\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6z yumdum; l\u00fczumlu bulmu\u015ftum.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu minval \u00fczere, \u00f6lenler, sevi\u015fenler, a\u00e7 kalanlar ve su\u00adsuzluktan bunalanlar ortas\u0131nda Ankara yang\u0131n\u0131 iki g\u00fcn, iki ge\u00adce devam etti. Nihayet yakacak bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131; s\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

S\u0131ra a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa, susuzlu\u011fa, sefalete, peri\u015fanl\u0131\u011fa gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

VII<\/p>\n

\u0130ki aydan beri oturdu\u011fum ve terasas\u0131nda uzaktan yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fma bir gece evvel ald\u0131rmayarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ev de yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hem nas\u0131l? Beklemedi\u011fimiz bir s\u0131rada…<\/p>\n

Ate\u015f Hisar Mahallesi\u2019ne daha \u00e7ok uzaktayd\u0131; ben yang\u0131n seyrinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sokaklarda dola\u015f\u0131yordum. Bir aral\u0131k duman ve k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m etraf\u0131m\u0131 sard\u0131; yolumu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131m, sa\u011fa sola, rasgele da\u00adl\u0131p \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, girip d\u00f6n\u00fcyordum.<\/p>\n

Bir tan\u0131d\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201cBurada ne ar\u0131yorsunuz? Sizin ev yan\u0131yor!\u201d dedi. Ko\u015fuyor, yar\u0131 tutu\u015fmu\u015f bir yang\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi u\u00e7uyordum. Bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa rastlad\u0131m, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 evimin oldu\u011fu yer do\u011frulu\u011funda kald\u0131rd\u0131m: Uzakta, yukar\u0131da terasay\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm: K\u00f6\u015fesinden kirli tutkal sar\u0131\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir duman f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu duman\u0131n aras\u0131na biraz sonra alevden \u015feritler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u015feritler \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131, yass\u0131la\u015ft\u0131, birle\u015fti, \u015fi\u015fti, hortumla\u015ft\u0131. Deminki duman art\u0131k ate\u015fti; ev tutu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Sanki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yang\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iri pertavs\u0131zlarla toplayarak bizim terasaya aksettirmi\u015flerdi, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mla de\u011fil, uzaktaki hararetle yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ar\u015fimed\u2019in aynalar\u0131ndaki gibi…<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n\u0131n ikinci sabah\u0131 Ankara\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc ortadan si\u00adlinmi\u015fti. \u0130lk vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00fcn da\u011fdan bak\u0131nca devden \u0131rgatlar\u0131n mamuttan kat\u0131rlara y\u0131\u011fd\u0131rtd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m enkaz\u0131 bir Mef\u0131stofeles ordusu ate\u015ften kazmalarla y\u0131km\u0131\u015f, kordan k\u00fcmelere toplam\u0131\u015f, alevden s\u00fcp\u00fcrgelerle uzaklara da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde iz, eser b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yiyecek de yoktu, i\u00e7ecek de… Dam alt\u0131 bulmak b\u00fcy\u00fck Af\u00adrika sahras\u0131nda vahaya rastlamak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fc. Halk sokaklarda idi; daha iki g\u00fcn evvel iki ki\u015finin yanyana g\u00fc\u00e7 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi dar so\u00adkaklardan v\u00fccut bulmu\u015f geni\u015f meydanlarda… Ahalide \u015fu hali seziyordum: Sanki, o g\u00fcne kadar bir odada, \u00fcst\u00fcne kaputunu \u00e7ekmi\u015f, \u00e7\u0131plak yat\u0131yordu. \u0130nsafs\u0131z ve hayas\u0131z bir el, uykuda iken bu odan\u0131n duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131vermi\u015f, sonra da \u00fcst\u00fcndeki \u00f6rt\u00fc\u00ady\u00fc \u00e7ekip g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Art\u0131k meydanda anadan do\u011fma, d\u0131md\u0131z\u00adlak ve uyku sersemiydi!<\/p>\n

\u2026.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Karay\u2019\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, dikkat \u00e7eken ayr\u0131nt\u0131lardan biri; Ermeni zenginli\u011finin abidesi gibi bir meydana y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f piyanolar, halal\u0131lar ve de\u011ferli e\u015fyalar\u0131n ortas\u0131na bir ate\u015f k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp hepsini yak\u0131p k\u00fcl etmesidir. Yang\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fyalar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da bu e\u015fyalar\u0131n yak\u0131lmak i\u00e7in meydana toplanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Di\u011feri de yang\u0131n\u0131n bir ara s\u00f6necek gibi olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yeniden alevlenmesi Karay\u2019\u0131 hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Yang\u0131na su yerine gaz ya\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026kimin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na olabilirdi?\u201d<\/p>\n

Refik Halid, yang\u0131n sonras\u0131 \u015fehir ya\u015fanamaz hale gelince Bilecik\u2019e g\u00f6nderildi. Karay\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun teslim bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi ve \u0130ttihad-Terakki\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmetten d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle sona erdi.<\/p>\n

Fakat Kemalistlere de yaranamayan Refik Halid, 1922\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p Beyrut, sonrada Halep\u2019e yerle\u015fti; Cumhuriyet sonras\u0131 150\u2019lilikler listesinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nemedi. Siyaset d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermesi ve Hatay\u2019\u0131n ilhak\u0131nda TC lehine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle affedilerek 1938\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nebildi.<\/p>\n

Androniki Karasuli Mastrudi<\/em><\/strong><\/b>;<\/p>\n

Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu, Karasuli\u2019nin an\u0131lar\u0131na dayanarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde kitaptan \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmler aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a01916\u2019da T\u00fcrkler Ankara\u2019y\u0131 yakt\u0131klar\u0131nda -fark ediyorsunuzdur, bunlar \u00f6nemli ve unutulmayan olaylard\u0131-, orada en \u00e7ok can\u0131m\u0131 yakan, dedemin evinin i\u00e7inde bulunan Aziz Klementos kilisesiydi.\u201d<\/em>[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0yang\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fi, s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebilecek durumlara m\u00fcdahale edilmedi\u011fini al\u0131nt\u0131larla \u00f6rneklendirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cKarasuli ard\u0131ndan, Ortodoks ahalinin Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi\u2019nin yanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in olanca g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle, d\u0131\u015f cephesini hal\u0131larla \u00f6rtmeyi ve \u0131slatmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ancak bir grup T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn day\u0131s\u0131na okkal\u0131 bir tokat at\u0131p \u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n yans\u0131n h\u0131nz\u0131r gavurlar, daha \u00f6rnek almad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131n buradan!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0dedi\u011fini eklemi\u015fti. Bu anlat\u0131lar ve yang\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ulus\u2019taki Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi\u2019nin de yanmas\u0131, yang\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak gayrim\u00fcslimleri ka\u00e7\u0131rtmak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezleriyle uyumluydu.\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Alican Ba\u015fdemir<\/em>, konuyla ilgili yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yang\u0131n sonras\u0131 Hristiyanlar\u0131n durumunu Karasuli\u2019nin s\u00f6zleriyle aktar\u0131yor: \u201c\u00c7oluk \u00e7ocuk t\u00fcm Hristiyanlar d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, art\u0131k felaketimizi g\u00f6rebiliyorduk. Bizi oradan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn m\u00fc yoksa yok mu edeceklerdi, bilmiyorduk.\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay<\/em><\/strong><\/b>;<\/p>\n

Falih R\u0131fk\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019in yak\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi Ankara yang\u0131n\u0131nda da siyasi iktidarlar\u0131n sorumlu\u011funu itiraf ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder. T\u00fcrk devletinin kurucu babalar\u0131yla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri ve ideoglar\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 onu \u00f6nemli bir tan\u0131k haline getiriyor.<\/p>\n

1923\u2019de Ankara\u2019ya milletvekili olarak gelen Atay, \u201c\u00c7ankaya\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazar:<\/p>\n

\u201cVaktiyle H\u0131ristiyanlar Ankara\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn iyi ge\u00e7im ve kazan\u00e7 kaynaklan \u00fcst\u00fcnde kurulmu\u015flar, Kalenin istasyona bakan s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 konaklan, otelleri, lokanta ve barlar ile donatm\u0131\u015flar. \u00c7ankaya ve Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren semtlerine de asma, yemi\u015f ve g\u00f6lge a\u011fa a dikerek yaz i\u00e7in se\u00adrince birer k\u00f6\u015fe edinmi\u015fler. Biz T\u00fcrkler efendili\u011fimizle kalm\u0131\u015f\u0131z ama, onlar, \u00e7orbac\u0131m\u0131z kesilmi\u015fler. 923\u2019te Ankara\u2019ya geldi\u011fimiz vakit, ba\u011f evleri m\u00fcstesna, H\u0131ristiyan mahallesinden eser yoktu. Trenden inince iki tarafl\u0131 bir bataktan, a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131z bir mezarl\u0131ktan, kerpi\u00e7 ve h\u0131m\u0131\u015f esnaf barakalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek tozumas\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bitmeyen bir yang\u0131n yerine sapard\u0131k. \u015eimdi geri bir Anadolu kasabas\u0131n\u0131n bile o g\u00fcnk\u00fc An\u00adkara kadar iptida\u00ee oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131yorum. Yemek ve yazmak i\u00e7in eve bir masa yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. D\u00f6rt aya\u011f\u0131ndan hi\u00e7biri \u00f6tekine ko\u015fut-m\u00fcvazi de\u011fildi. Yakup\u2019la kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7er, bu masan\u0131n nas\u0131l d\u00fcz durabilece\u00ad\u011fine \u015fa\u015fard\u0131k. Ankara, \u0130stanbul surlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sembol\u00fc idi. Ermeniler ve Rumlarla beraber hayat ve \u00fcmran denecek ne varsa hepsi s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp gitmi\u015fti. Bu \u015fehri ve bu memleketi temelinden \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na kadar kuracakt\u0131k.\u201d[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cBat\u0131\u015f Y\u0131llar\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda da;<\/p>\n

\u201cAnkara\u2019n\u0131n zengin semtleri ve bak\u0131ml\u0131 yazl\u0131klar\u0131 Ermenilerin mal\u0131 idi. Ermeni lokantas\u0131nda yiyor ve Ermeni otelinde kal\u0131yorduk. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 en eski alaturka idi. Yerden y\u00fcksek d\u00fckkanlarda ba\u011fda\u015f oturuldu\u011funu hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Ankara\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z otelin ad\u0131 Santral, lokantas\u0131 iyi, yataklar\u0131 temiz ve rahatt\u0131. \u2018Tehcir\u2019 zaman\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 idi. Ankara ba\u015fkent oldu\u011fu vakit Santral otelini aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Alt\u0131ndaki ah\u0131ra at ba\u011flanan Ta\u015fhan\u2019dan ba\u015fka kal\u0131nabilecek yer yoktu. Benim ilk g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Ankara\u2019n\u0131n medenilik ad\u0131na nesi varsa hepsini yak\u0131p k\u00fcl etmi\u015ftik.\u201d demektedir.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yang\u0131nla ilgili yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 ile ilgili ilk kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00a0Ali Birinci\u2019<\/strong><\/b>ye ait. Refik Halid Karay\u2019\u0131n yang\u0131nla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cAnkara\u201d isimli kitapta toplayan Birinci, kitaba \u201cMe\u015frutiyet Ankara\u2019s\u0131nda Bir yang\u0131n<\/strong><\/b>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm ekledi. Birinci, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Ar\u015fivleri\u2019nde yang\u0131nla ilgili ula\u015fabildi\u011fi resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalara yer vermektedir. Yang\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131ts\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat ihmal ve yetersiz donan\u0131m nedeniyle kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte yang\u0131n sonucu y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frayan Ankara\u2019n\u0131n zengin Rum ve Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne at\u0131fta bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akademisyenler Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 ile ilgili kapsaml\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar.\u00a0[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0As\u0131l olarak Zeliha Et\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na dayanan, Taylan Esin\u2019le birlikte \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki bilgi ve belgelerden \u201cadeta i\u011fneyle kuyu kazar gibi\u201d haz\u0131rlanan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, yaln\u0131zca Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, 1915-1922 etnik temizlik s\u00fcrecinde yap\u0131lan ve \u00e7ok az bilinen irili ufakl\u0131 15 yang\u0131n\u0131 daha inceliyor.<\/p>\n

– Amasya, \u201cSela\u011fz\u0131\u201d, 12.3.1914 ve 21.7.1915<\/p>\n

– Tokat, \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131, May\u0131s 1914 ve Ocak 1916<\/p>\n

– Band\u0131rma, Preme karyesi (\u201cnam-\u0131 di\u011fer Kapuda\u011f\u201d), 30.6.1915<\/p>\n

– Bursa, Orhangazi, Yenik\u00f6y karyesi, 23\/24.8.1915<\/p>\n

– \u0130zmit, Ermeni Mahallesi, 27.8.1915<\/p>\n

– Ha\u00e7in (Saimbeyli), 3.10.1915<\/p>\n

– Tire,Rum Mahallesi, 2.7.1916<\/p>\n

– Band\u0131rma, Ermeni Karyesi, Mart 1917 (21 \u015eubat 1332)<\/p>\n

– Ayval\u0131k, Nisan-A\u011fustos 1917<\/p>\n

– Gelibolu, 18.4.1917<\/p>\n

– Erdek, 27.8.1917<\/p>\n

– Tirebolu, 1917, 1918 ve Espiye, 1916<\/p>\n

– Sinop, Varo\u015f Mahallesi, 17.12.1917<\/p>\n

– Samsun, Kalei\u00e7i, 18.7.1918<\/p>\n

– Bafra, 1917; Havza, Aral\u0131k 1918<\/p>\n

F.R. Atay’\u0131n da itiraf etti\u011fi gibi: “Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbinde Ermeniler tehcir olundu\u011fu vakit, Anadolu \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131n\u0131n oturulabilir ne kadar mahalle ve semtleri varsa, yine bu korku ile yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.”<\/p>\n

\u201c1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazarlar\u0131 bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunmaktad\u0131rlar. Taylan Esin\u2019e g\u00f6re\u00a0\u201c<\/em>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda emval-i metrukenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tasfiye edilerek \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gasp edildi\u011fi yerdeki binalar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na ve tefri\u015fine akm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yang\u0131n ise, \u00f6yle san\u0131yoruz ki, emval-i metrukenin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bir ihtilaf g\u00f6stergesidir. E\u011fer bu tez do\u011fruysa, ihtilafa taraf olan herkes, o karga\u015fa ortam\u0131nda \u201ckald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n izini de ortadan kald\u0131rmak isteyen potansiyel birer zanl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em>[15]<\/strong><\/b><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6nemli tespite ek olarak bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk etnisitesinin ulusal in\u015fas\u0131nda bir sosyal m\u00fchendislik olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tan\u0131kl\u0131kla, yang\u0131n\u0131n 1915 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izleyen 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda, kendisi zaten bir nevi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve tecrit yeri olarak kullan\u0131lan eski kasaba irisi Eng\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019deki Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudilerin sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ekonomik\u00a0\u00a0arl\u0131klar\u0131na son vererek onlar\u0131 \u015fehirden tasfiye amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Yang\u0131nda kimi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallelerinin, cami, okul ve d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n da yanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bir yan\u0131yla \u201ckurunun i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131n da yanmas\u0131\u201d bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6ze al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ya da yang\u0131n\u0131n kontrolden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta 1916 Anakara yang\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehirdeki Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yok etti\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. Misak-\u0131 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131lan etnik yok etme siyaseti ile \u00e7\u00f6le \u00e7evrilen bu co\u011frafyada bir T\u00fcrk ulus devleti in\u015fa edilmesine benzer bi\u00e7imde; etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7o\u011fulcu hayat\u0131 k\u00fcle \u00e7evrilen Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Cumhuriyet\u2019in ba\u015fkenti olarak yeniden in\u015fa edilmesi birbirine \u00e7ok benzer.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0F. R. Atay, \u201c\u00c7ankaya\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 1969, \u00a0s. 212-213<\/em><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Hayrettin \u00c2bidin,\u00a0Tarihte Ankara-\u00eestiklal Harbi ve Bursa Hat\u0131rat\u0131,\u00a0\u0130stanbul, 1934, s.89, Aktaran Ali Birinci, age, s.64<\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0Rifat \u00d6zdemir; \u201cXIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u0130lk Yar\u0131s\u0131nda Ankara, 1986, s. 93-96: Keza BOA-BEO, dosya nu. 332604, Akt. A.Birinci. age. s.73<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Birinci, \u201cMe\u015frutiyet Ankaras\u0131nda Bir Yang\u0131n\u201d, Ankara, \u0130nkilab Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, 2000<\/em><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0Mehmet Bozkurt, \u201cBir \u015eehri Yakmak: 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u201d; https:\/\/hyetert.org\/2021\/10\/24\/bir-sehri-yakmak-1916-ankara-yangini\/?fbclid=IwAR2kx848yTJVpvTtT2NkYXfa1aD4YBYx8GumvR4k3NsJ9L9LPTH_y9ftXbY<\/em><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Refik Halid Karay, \u201cAnkara\u201d; Haz\u0131rlayan: Ali Birinci, \u0130nkilap Kitabevi, 2009, \u0130stanbul<\/em><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0Androniki Karasuli Mastrudi, Kay\u0131p Vatan\u0131mdan Hat\u0131ralar (Ankara\u2019daki Hayat\u0131m), Atina, 1966; Aktaran: Alican Ba\u015fdemir, \u201cAnkaral\u0131 Gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlerin Trajedisi; B\u00fcy\u00fck Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u201d 18.12.2015, http:\/\/www.gazetebilkent.com\/tarih-2\/126\/ankarali-gayrimuslimlerin-trajedisi-buyuk-ankara-yangini\/?fbclid=IwAR1eJzbNnI8zwdKEtEPDaszYtfS8kLFx_Nn4b-2VTGXA5a7Emnkz23X0Dio<\/em><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Refik Halid Karay, yage. s.136-142<\/em><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu, \u201cAnkara Rumlar\u0131 ve Ankara Ermenilerinin Ata Topraklar\u0131nda T\u00fcketilmesi\u201d,\u00a0https:\/\/yakindoguyazilari.com\/sait-cetinoglu-yazi-ankara-rumlari-ve-ankara-ermenilerinin-ata-topraklarinda-tuketilmesi\/<\/em><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr, \u201cResmi tarihin yazmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u201d, Radikal, 07.02.2015 https:\/\/www.marmarayerelhaber.com\/Ayse-HUR\/34962-Resmi-tarihin-yazmadigi-1916-Ankara-Yangini<\/em><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0Alican Ba\u015fdemir, agy<\/em><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0Falih R\u0131fk\u0131\u00a0Atay, \u201c\u00c7ankaya\u201d, s. 351<\/em><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, \u201cBat\u0131\u015f Y\u0131llar\u0131\u201d, Pozitif Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012, \u0130stanbul, s.57-58<\/em><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0Taylan Esin- Zeliha Et\u00f6z,1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131: Bir Felaketin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130leti\u015fim, \u0130stanbul,2015.<\/em><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0Ferda Balancar,\u00a0Taylan Esin- Zeliha Et\u00f6z\u00a0ile Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerine s\u00f6yle\u015fi: \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 unsuru olarak \u2018yang\u0131n\u2019\u201d\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/10657\/soykirimin-tamamlayici-unsuru-olarak-yangin?fbclid=IwAR2Yyfr_Jr42wmYssMCKnEb3BJEn8iAiiJvblUCAE4n0HhUsIP6AOzu2N88<\/em><\/p>\n

[13] F.R. Atay,\u00a0\u201c\u00c7ankaya\u201d,\u00a0yagy.<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/recep-marasli.blogspot.com\/2022\/09\/14-eylul-1916-ankara-yangini.html?m=1&s=04&fbclid=IwAR16Uto-mOgsKJdGarh_q2XwFp3QnpdDlZCVVNIhNrAizDvCxKZ_9Pd5eUI\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recep Mara\u015fl\u0131 13-17 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de \u0130zmir\u2019i yak\u0131p k\u00fcl eden yang\u0131n\u0131 kim \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131? Yunan ordusu \u201cka\u00e7arken \u015fehri ate\u015fe mi verdi\u201d; \u0130rmeni ve Rum komitac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi mi; yoksa T\u00fcrk ordusu, Rumlar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc engellemek i\u00e7in Rum ve Ermeni mahallerini kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak m\u0131 yakt\u0131? Ya da T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan her \u015feyi yok etmek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat kollayan bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ankara","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\n14 Eyl\u00fcl 1916, Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70332\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"14 Eyl\u00fcl 1916, Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recep Mara\u015fl\u0131 13-17 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de \u0130zmir\u2019i yak\u0131p k\u00fcl eden yang\u0131n\u0131 kim \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131? 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