{"id":70272,"date":"2022-09-26T02:28:03","date_gmt":"2022-09-26T07:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272"},"modified":"2022-09-26T02:28:03","modified_gmt":"2022-09-26T07:28:03","slug":"1915ten-1988e-on-binlerce-mulke-el-koymanin-kanunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272","title":{"rendered":"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e on binlerce m\u00fclke el koyman\u0131n kanunu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e 73 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan kanunla on binlerce m\u00fclk, \u00f6nce Hazine ad\u0131na kaydedilip, sonra T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam\u2019a transfer edildi. Emv\u00e2l-i metruke mevzuat\u0131yla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilenler de m\u00fclkle\u015ftirilenler de milyonlard\u0131!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Nevzat Onaran<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan kopu\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia edilirse de \u00f6nemli oranda devam\u0131yd\u0131. Heyet Lozan\u2019a gitmeden \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019u h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla TBMM\u2019nin 307 no\u2019lu karar\u0131yla, \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devam\u0131\u201d olundu\u011funa resmiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Cumhuriyet ilan edildi\u011finde de 1876 Anayasas\u0131 d\u00e2hil pek \u00e7ok kanun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteydi. Bunlardan biri de 26 Eyl\u00fcl 1915 tarihli Tasfiye Kanunu\u2019ydu. Bu ve ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu di\u011fer kanunlarla olu\u015fturdu\u011fu emv\u00e2l-i metruke mevzuat\u0131, iktisat tarihi ve T\u00fcrk burjuvazisinin sermaye birikimi analizinde hep g\u00f6rmezden gelindi. Oysa \u201ckurtulu\u015f ve kurulu\u015f\u201d y\u0131llar\u0131nda iktisadi yap\u0131y\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmenin temel mevzuat\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kanunla, s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin veya kovalananlar\u0131n mal\u0131na Hazine ad\u0131na \u201cel kondu\u201d ve ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam\u2019a transfer edildi. Dar anlamda m\u00fclkiyeti ve geni\u015f anlamda ekonomiyi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmenin h\u00fck\u00fcmleriydi. Kanun, T\u00fcrk mill\u00ee devletinin in\u015fa d\u00f6nemi d\u00e2hil \u00f6ylesine benimsendi ve sahiplenildi ki 1876, 1921, 1924, 1961 ve 1982 anayasalar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteydi. Anayasalar, kanuna ra\u011fmen mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayamad\u0131. 13 Aral\u0131k 1915\u2019te kanuna itiraz eden, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin kurucu \u00f6nderlerinden Ahmet R\u0131za, kanunun 1876 anayasas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve kanunla mal g\u00fcvenli\u011finin imha edilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ahmet R\u0131za \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcnde yan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

8 Ocak 1920\u2019de kararnameyle ilga edilen kanun, \u0130zmir i\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131ktan be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de TBMM karar\u0131yla yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kondu. 284 say\u0131l\u0131 kararla, kararname ilga edilmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 sisteme d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Gerekli yasal d\u00fczenleme 15 Nisan 1923\u2019te yap\u0131ld\u0131. 333 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla[1] 1915\u2019teki kanunun baz\u0131 maddeleri de\u011fi\u015ftirildi (madde 2, 4, 7 ve 8) ve bir madde (madde 9) eklendi. 15 Nisan\u2019da yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin \u00f6z\u00fc, devletin ba\u015f\u0131nda sahibi olmayan her m\u00fclke el koymas\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece on binlerce m\u00fclk devletle\u015ftirildi. Kanun yeni haliyle 8 Kas\u0131m 1988\u2019e kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

TBMM\u2019de m\u00fczakerelerde k\u0131saca \u201cTasfiye Kanunu\u201d olarak an\u0131lan 11 maddelik ge\u00e7ici kanunun ad\u0131, \u201813 Eyl\u00fcl 1331 [26.9.1915] tarihli, 14 May\u0131s 1331 [27.5.1915] Tarihli Kanunu Muvakkat Mucibince \u00c2her (ba\u015fka) Mahallere Nakledilen E\u015fhas\u0131n Emv\u00e2l (mallar\u0131), D\u00fcyun (bor\u00e7lar\u0131) ve Matlubat\u0131 (alaca\u011f\u0131) Metr\u00fbkesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanunu Muvakkat\u2019t\u0131r.[2] Kanunda at\u0131f yap\u0131lan (madde 1) bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli muvakkat kanun da \u201814 May\u0131s 1331 (27.5.1915) tarihli Tehcir Kanunu\u2019ydu. Bunlar, Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya\u2019n\u0131n tespitine g\u00f6re, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu\u011fu 1682 muvakkat kanundan sadece iki tanesiydi. Bu y\u0131llarda Meclisi Mebusan\u2019da kabul edilense 1500 kanundu. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin idare tarz\u0131 buydu, \u2018muvakkat kanun devleti\u2019yle meclis yok say\u0131ld\u0131. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnameler veya genelgeler idaresi gibi. 100 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti, ama idare tarz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n

Kanunda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenlerin mallar\u0131yla ilgili yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlama emv\u00e2l-i metr\u00fbkeydi. Emv\u00e2l-i metr\u00fbke, sahibi bilinmeyen mallard\u0131. Resmen bu tan\u0131mlamayla, sahibi bilindi\u011fi halde, malla sahibi ili\u015fkisi kopart\u0131larak yap\u0131lan m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmeydi. 1915\u2019te m\u00fclk\u00fcn sahibi, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle veya kovalanmas\u0131yla t\u00fcm m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kaybedendi. 1923\u2019te 333 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe g\u00f6re emv\u00e2l-i metruke, herhangi sebeple ba\u015f\u0131nda sahibi olmayan her m\u00fclkt\u00fcr. Bunlar, T\u00fcrk devletinin kurucu unsuru milleten T\u00fcrk ve dinen S\u00fcnni \u0130slam olmayanlard\u0131! \u0130slam ve gayri T\u00fcrk olanlar\u0131n durumu ayr\u0131 konudur.<\/p>\n

HAZ\u0130NE ADINA KAYDED\u0130LECEK<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u2019inci maddede Tehcir Kanunu\u2019na at\u0131f yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel (vak\u0131f temsilcisi) ki\u015filer, Tehcir Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Olu\u015fturulacak komisyon, \u201c\u00e2her (ba\u015fka) mahallere nakledilen e\u015fhas\u201d i\u00e7in mazbata haz\u0131rlayacakt\u0131. Mazbatalar, s\u00fcr\u00fclen her bir ki\u015finin geride kalan mal\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131 ve borcu hakk\u0131nda olacakt\u0131. Mahkemeler mazbataya g\u00f6re o ki\u015finin mal\u0131n\u0131-m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc, alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve borcunu tasfiye edecekti.<\/p>\n

Birinci maddede sadece \u2018komisyon\u2019 olarak ifade edilen te\u015fkilat\u0131n ad\u0131, Tasfiye Komisyonu (madde 6) olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlama, \u201c\u00e2her mahallere nakledilen e\u015fhas\u201d olup, t\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fclenler (veya kovalananlar) belirtilen tasfiye i\u015flemi kapsam\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

2\u2019nci maddeye g\u00f6re, s\u00fcr\u00fclen ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi ve vak\u0131f mallar\u0131 Hazine ad\u0131na kaydedilecektir. Hazine\u2019nin \u00f6deyece\u011fi bedelden gerekli \u00f6demelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra kalan miktar sahiplerine verilecektir (1. paragraf). Mallarla ilgili davalarda Tapu Sicil Memurlar\u0131 taraf olacakt\u0131r. Dan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015flemlerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla tapu senetlerinden ba\u015fka belgeler de ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lacakt\u0131r (2. paragraf). M\u00fclkiyetle ilgili \u2018dan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u2019 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden 15 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler, mahkeme karar\u0131yla sabit olmas\u0131 halinde ge\u00e7ersizdir (3. paragraf).<\/p>\n

Kanunun 2\u2019nci maddesinin 1\u2019inci paragraf\u0131nda, mal\u0131na ve m\u00fclk\u00fcne el konulan, s\u00fcr\u00fclen ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filere, ancak bir y\u0131l sonra 5 Ekim 1916\u2019daki de\u011fi\u015fiklikle, isk\u00e2n edildikleri yerlerde \u201cHazine\u2019den bedelsiz mesken ve arazi\u201d verilmesi ibaresi eklendi. Bu, o tarihe kadar yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin asl\u0131nda \u201cinsanlar\u0131n kovaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u201d itiraf\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc madde, s\u00fcr\u00fclen ki\u015fi ad\u0131na toplanan paraya ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndayd\u0131. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen ki\u015finin nakit paras\u0131, mallar\u0131, mevduat\u0131 ve alaca\u011f\u0131 1\u2019inci maddede belirtilen Tasfiye Komisyonu Reisi veya vekili taraf\u0131ndan toplanacak, tahsil\u00e2t\u0131 yap\u0131lacak, dava edilecek ve geride kalan mallar\u0131ndan daval\u0131 olmayanlar a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmayla sat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kalan miktar, mal\u0131n sahibi ad\u0131na emaneten Mal Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Emaneten Mal Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lan paralar mal\u0131n sahibine verildi mi? Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde incelemeye a\u00e7\u0131lan evraklar aras\u0131nda bu soruya yan\u0131t bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Zaten \u201cMal Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki para sahibine verilmedi\u201d ki toplanan para da 13 y\u0131l sonra 1928\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 1349 no\u2019lu kanunla b\u00fct\u00e7eye aktar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddeye g\u00f6re, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen ki\u015fiden alaca\u011f\u0131 olanlar, kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren iki ay ve yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkede bulunanlar d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde Tasfiye Komisyonu\u2019na asaleten veya vek\u00e2leten m\u00fcracaat ederek, alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettirmekle ilgili belgeleri g\u00f6stermeye mecburdurlar ve bu s\u00fcre d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcracaatlar kabul edilmeyecektir (1. paragraf). S\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesinden sonra a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalar hakk\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler ge\u00e7erlidir. S\u00f6z konusu davalarda hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar, kanun gere\u011fince tasfiye edilen \u201cemv\u00e2l-i metr\u00fbkeye m\u00fcracaat\u201d edemeyeceklerdi (2. paragraf).<\/p>\n

4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin 2\u2019nci paragraf\u0131 gere\u011fi, s\u00fcr\u00fclen ki\u015fi, emv\u00e2linin tasfiye i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde dava a\u00e7amayacakt\u0131r ve emv\u00e2lle ilgili talepte bulunamayacakt\u0131r. Bu, m\u00fclkiyetin kayd\u0131n\u0131n resmen de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finin de h\u00fckm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Resmen m\u00fcsadere, zorla al\u0131md\u0131.<\/p>\n

5\u2019inci maddede tasfiye y\u00f6ntemi belirlendi. Tasfiye Komisyonu\u2019nun s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen her bir ki\u015finin \u201cterk etti\u011fi\u201d alaca\u011f\u0131, borcu ve mal\u0131n\u0131n durumuyla ilgili haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 ve savc\u0131ya verece\u011fi mazbataya g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Getirilen sistem \u015fuydu:<\/p>\n

Tasfiye Komisyonlar\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fclen her bir kimsenin alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve borcunun gerek\u00e7esini inceleyip, mallar\u0131yla ilgili tutana\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131p b\u00fct\u00fcn evrak\u0131 savc\u0131ya verecek ve ilan edecektir.<\/p>\n

Savc\u0131 inceledi\u011fi mazbatalar\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenin ikametg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedeki Bidayet (Asliye) Hukuk Mahkemesi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderecektir.<\/p>\n

Alacak sahipleri mazbata ilan\u0131ndan itibaren 15 g\u00fcnde itiraz i\u00e7in mahkemeye ba\u015fvurabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Savc\u0131 itirazlar\u0131 inceledikten sonra tutana\u011f\u0131 ve mazbatay\u0131 i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istemiyle Tasfiye Komisyonu\u2019na g\u00f6nderecektir.<\/p>\n

Tasfiye Komisyonu\u2019nun verdi\u011fi karara itiraz edilemeyecektir.<\/p>\n

Bundan sonra Hazine ad\u0131na kaydedilen emv\u00e2lin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecine ge\u00e7ilir ve devam\u0131nda m\u00fclk\u00fcn kayd\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yani tapu senedinin d\u00fczenlenmesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6\u2019nc\u0131 madde, Tasfiye Komisyonu ve g\u00f6revi hakk\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kesinle\u015fen ilamata g\u00f6re imtiyazl\u0131 ve imtiyazs\u0131z bor\u00e7lular\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde imtiyazl\u0131 bor\u00e7lular tercih edilecek ve ona g\u00f6re \u00f6demeyi Tasfiye Komisyonu yapacakt\u0131r. Paran\u0131n borcu kar\u015f\u0131layamamas\u0131 halinde, alacaklar\u0131 oran\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Tasfiye Komisyonu g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi sonundaysa \u00f6deme muamelesi, icra dairelerine aittir.<\/p>\n

7\u2019nci madde, m\u00fclk\u00fcn haczi durumunda ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

8\u2019inci maddeye g\u00f6re, Tasfiye Komisyonu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131 bir nizamnameyle belirlenecekti. 8 Kas\u0131m 1915 tarihli nizamname[3] haz\u0131rland\u0131. Nizamnamede, Tasfiye Komisyonu\u2019nun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revi ve i\u015flemlerin kayd\u0131yla ilgi h\u00fck\u00fcmler belirlendi.<\/p>\n

9\u2019uncu maddeye g\u00f6re, kanun gere\u011fi Hazine nam\u0131na kay\u0131tlar\u0131 yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar, Muhacirin Nizamnamesi gere\u011fi paras\u0131z olarak [\u0130slam] muhacirlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kanunun son iki maddesi, yetkili bakanlar ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Muvakkat kanun Takvim-i Vekayi\u2019de 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1915\u2019te yay\u0131mland\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi.<\/p>\n

15 Nisan 1923\u2019te Tasfiye Kanunu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemede, Hazine\u2019nin el koymas\u0131 sistemiyle Tasfiye Komisyonu kurulmas\u0131 korundu ve el konulan m\u00fclk\u00fcn kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletildi. S\u00fcr\u00fclen ve kovalanan d\u00e2hil, ba\u015f\u0131nda sahibi olmayan her m\u00fclk devletindi!<\/p>\n

AHMET RIZA: ANAYASAYA AYKIRI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c2yan\u2019da kanun, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin kurucu \u00f6nderlerinden Ahmet R\u0131za\u2019n\u0131n teklifi nedeniyle 13 Aral\u0131k 1915\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc. Teklifte kanunun sava\u015ftan sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6nerildi, ama kabul edilmedi. Ahmet R\u0131za, kanunla \u201czorla sat\u0131\u015f\u201d i\u015fleminin 1876 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 21\u2019inci maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek, \u201cErmenilerin mal\u0131, k\u0131smen ya\u011fma edildi; Kuvve-i Te\u015fr\u00eeyye [Meclis] kanunu reddedinceye kadar elde bir \u015fey kalmayacak, yap\u0131lacak \u015feylerin hepsi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra da h\u00fck\u00fcmete ele\u015ftirel \u00e7izgisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Ahmet R\u0131za, 21 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de ge\u00e7mi\u015f harp y\u0131llar\u0131yla ilgili olarak, \u201cHarpten, cinay\u00e2ttan, h\u00fck\u00fcmet-i icraiyyenin mesul\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.[4]<\/p>\n

Tasfiye Kanunu\u2019yla ilgili de\u011ferlendirmede bulunanlardan biri de Anadolu Demiryolu \u015eirketi \u0130dare Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Arthur Gwinner\u2019dir. Gwinner\u2019in Almanya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 7 Ekim 1915 tarihli raporunda, muvakkat kanunun 11 maddesinde yaz\u0131lanlar\u0131n iki madde halinde \u00f6zetlenebilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti: \u201c1- Ermenilerin b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131na el konulmu\u015ftur. 2- H\u00fck\u00fcmet s\u00fcrg\u00fcndekilerin alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 tahsil edecek ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyecektir (ya da \u00f6denmeyecektir).\u201d[5]<\/p>\n

Kanunun 6\u2019nc\u0131 maddesine ve ilgili nizamnameye g\u00f6re, Tasfiye Komisyonlar\u0131 kuruldu. Tasfiye Komisyonlar\u0131, 10 Haziran 1915 tarihli talimatname gere\u011fi kurulan Emv\u00e2l-i Metr\u00fbke Komisyonlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde faaliyete ba\u015flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re 42 Tasfiye Komisyonu ve 33 Emv\u00e2l-i Metr\u00fbke Komisyonu\u2019nun faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini belirledim. \u0130lgili mevzuat gere\u011fi ne kadar insan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ne kadar mal\u0131na veya paras\u0131na el kondu\u011fu, ne kadar mal\u0131n kime verildi\u011fi veya sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Maliye\u2019de s\u00fcr\u00fclenler ad\u0131na ne kadar para birikti\u011fi gibi pek \u00e7ok i\u015flemin o y\u00f6renin Tasfiye Komisyonu\u2019nun \u201cesas ve cari defterine\u201d tek tek kaydedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Bu i\u015flemler hakk\u0131nda, hemen hemen her vilayet ve sancakta kurulan komisyonlar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir evrak\u0131 g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in resmen bilgilenme imk\u00e2n\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki, evrak\u0131 gizli tutulan Tasfiye Komisyonlar\u0131yla ilgili garip bir tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Yusuf Hala\u00e7o\u011flu, Do\u00e7. Dr. Levent Y\u0131lmaz\u2019a cevaben kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, Emv\u00e2l-i Metr\u00fbke \u0130dare Komisyonu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Tasfiye Komisyonu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 reddetmi\u015fti.[6]<\/p>\n

26 Eyl\u00fcl 1915 tarihli ge\u00e7ici kanun, 15 Nisan 1923\u2019te yeniden d\u00fczenlendi ve 8 Kas\u0131m 1988\u2019e kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131. Dava konusu oldu\u011funda kanunla yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Anayasa Mahkemesi 1963\u2019teki bir karar\u0131nda, kanunun 1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve emv\u00e2l-i metr\u00fbkenin Hazine\u2019ye ge\u00e7ti\u011fine h\u00fckmetti.<\/p>\n

1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e 73 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan kanunla on binlerce m\u00fclk, \u00f6nce Hazine ad\u0131na kaydedilip, sonra T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam\u2019a transfer edildi. 1988 sonras\u0131nda transfer sisteminin tamamen ilga edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n. On binlerce m\u00fclkten bahsetmem de abartma olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n. 1914 Osmanl\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re bug\u00fcnk\u00fc TC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde y\u00fczde 20 olan H\u0131ristiyan ve Musevi milletlerin n\u00fcfus pay\u0131, 2022\u2019de belki binde 1 olmas\u0131 her \u015feyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer y\u00fczde 20 n\u00fcfus pay\u0131 korunsayd\u0131, 2022\u2019de 85 milyonun 17 milyonu H\u0131ristiyan ve Musevi milletler olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019a kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan 16 kanun ve ilgili talimatnamelerden olu\u015fan emv\u00e2l-i metr\u00fbke mevzuat\u0131yla, Hazine\u2019nin \u201cvaziyet etti\u011fi\u201d m\u00fclklerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131, sat\u0131lmas\u0131, Mal Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan paran\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7eye aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeni sahibi ad\u0131na tapuya kaydedilmesi i\u015flemleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Hatta metr\u00fbk gayrimenkul\u00fcn 781 no\u2019lu kanunla 1915\u2019teki kay\u0131tl\u0131 de\u011ferinden sat\u0131lmas\u0131yla, ucuza sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 hedeflendi.<\/p>\n

Emv\u00e2l-i metruke mevzuat\u0131yla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilenler de m\u00fclkle\u015ftirilenler de milyonlard\u0131!<\/p>\n

NOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] D\u00dcSTUR, 3. Tertip, cilt: 4, Ankara-1953, s. 65-67.<\/em><\/p>\n

[2] D\u00dcSTUR, Tertib-i San\u00ee (2. Tertip), cilt: 7, Dersaadet-1336, s. 737-740; Karako\u00e7 Sarkis, Sicilli Kavanini, cilt: 16, Cihan Kitaphanesi, \u0130stanbul-1936, s. 678-679.<\/em><\/p>\n

[3] 26 Te\u015frinievvel 1331 (8.11.1915) tarihli 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1331 Tarihli Kanunu Muvakkat\u0131n Suveri \u0130craiyesi M\u00fcbeyyin Nizamname, BOA, \u0130.DU\u0130T, 93\/17 ve Takvim-i Vekayi, 28 Te\u015frinievvel 1331 (10 Kas\u0131m 1915), no: 2343 ve tashih no: 2345\u2019ten aktaran Karako\u00e7 Sarkis, Sicilli Kavanini, cilt: 16, s. 687-691.<\/em><\/p>\n

[4] Meclisi \u00c2yan Zab\u0131t Ceridesi (MAZC), devre: III, cilt: 1, sene: 2, s. 133-136; MAZC, devre: III, cilt: 1, sene: 5, s. 119.<\/em><\/p>\n

[5] Wolfgang Gust, Alman Belgeleri Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 1915-1916, \u00e7eviren: Zekiye Hasan\u00e7ebi-A. Takcan, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2012, s. 496-501.<\/em><\/p>\n

[6] Radikal, 1 ve 27 Eyl\u00fcl 2007.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Gazete Duvar<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e 73 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan kanunla on binlerce m\u00fclk, \u00f6nce Hazine ad\u0131na kaydedilip, sonra T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam\u2019a transfer edildi. Emv\u00e2l-i metruke mevzuat\u0131yla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilenler de m\u00fclkle\u015ftirilenler de milyonlard\u0131! Nevzat Onaran Cumhuriyet\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan kopu\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia edilirse de \u00f6nemli oranda devam\u0131yd\u0131. Heyet Lozan\u2019a gitmeden \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019u h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla TBMM\u2019nin 307 no\u2019lu karar\u0131yla, \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devam\u0131\u201d olundu\u011funa resmiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":70274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,9,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-haklarimiz","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\n1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e on binlerce m\u00fclke el koyman\u0131n kanunu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e on binlerce m\u00fclke el koyman\u0131n kanunu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e 73 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan kanunla on binlerce m\u00fclk, \u00f6nce Hazine ad\u0131na kaydedilip, sonra T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam\u2019a transfer edildi. Emv\u00e2l-i metruke mevzuat\u0131yla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilenler de m\u00fclkle\u015ftirilenler de milyonlard\u0131! Nevzat Onaran Cumhuriyet\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan kopu\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia edilirse de \u00f6nemli oranda devam\u0131yd\u0131. Heyet Lozan\u2019a gitmeden \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019u h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla TBMM\u2019nin 307 no\u2019lu karar\u0131yla, \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devam\u0131\u201d olundu\u011funa resmiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e on binlerce m\u00fclke el koyman\u0131n kanunu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e 73 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan kanunla on binlerce m\u00fclk, \u00f6nce Hazine ad\u0131na kaydedilip, sonra T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam\u2019a transfer edildi. Emv\u00e2l-i metruke mevzuat\u0131yla m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilenler de m\u00fclkle\u015ftirilenler de milyonlard\u0131! Nevzat Onaran Cumhuriyet\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan kopu\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia edilirse de \u00f6nemli oranda devam\u0131yd\u0131. Heyet Lozan\u2019a gitmeden \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019u h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla TBMM\u2019nin 307 no\u2019lu karar\u0131yla, \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devam\u0131\u201d olundu\u011funa resmiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2022-09-26T07:28:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/09\/Nevzat-Onaran-1.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e on binlerce m\u00fclke el koyman\u0131n kanunu","datePublished":"2022-09-26T07:28:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272"},"wordCount":2351,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/09\/Nevzat-Onaran-1.webp","articleSection":["Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131","Haberler","Haklar\u0131m\u0131z","Makaleler","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272","name":"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e on binlerce m\u00fclke el koyman\u0131n kanunu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/09\/Nevzat-Onaran-1.webp","datePublished":"2022-09-26T07:28:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/09\/Nevzat-Onaran-1.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/09\/Nevzat-Onaran-1.webp","width":1280,"height":720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70272#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"1915\u2019ten 1988\u2019e on binlerce m\u00fclke el koyman\u0131n kanunu"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=70272"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70275,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70272\/revisions\/70275"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/70274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=70272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=70272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=70272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}