{"id":70157,"date":"2022-09-19T03:09:53","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T08:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70157"},"modified":"2022-09-19T03:09:53","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T08:09:53","slug":"1922de-izmir-harp-ganimet-komisyonu-ne-yapti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70157","title":{"rendered":"1922\u2019de \u2018\u0130zmir Harp Ganimet Komisyonu\u2019 ne yapt\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Gazeteci Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 (Atay) \u201cG\u00e2vur \u0130zmir karanl\u0131kta alev alev, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz t\u00fcte t\u00fcte yan\u0131p bitti. Yang\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar, o zaman bize s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, sadece Ermeni kundak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 m\u0131 idi? Bu i\u015fte Ordu Kumandan\u0131 Nureddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n hayli marifetli oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyenler \u00e7oktu\u201d diye yazd\u0131. \u0130zmir, 1913\u2019ten beri ar\u0131nd\u0131rma sahas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Balkan Harbi ma\u011fduru \u0130slam muhacirlerin Trakya ve Ege\u2019ye isk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130sk\u00e2n sahas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Rum k\u00f6yleri ve m\u00fclkleriydi.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Nevzat Onaran<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yunanistan ordusunun 15 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da \u0130zmir\u2019de ba\u015flayan i\u015fgali, 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de son buldu. 9 Eyl\u00fcl, ayn\u0131 zamanda Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da ilan\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131lan \u0130zmir\u2019in yeni g\u00fcndemi, yang\u0131n ve ya\u011fmayd\u0131. Yang\u0131n, Yunan askeri \u0130zmir\u2019i terk ettikten d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015flad\u0131. Ne tesad\u00fcf ki, yang\u0131n sahas\u0131 Rum ve Ermeni mahalleleriydi. Zaten Ankara\u2019da \u0130ktisat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, yang\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015fla ilgisi yoktu. Mal\u0131n, m\u00fclk\u00fcn ya\u011fmas\u0131 bir ganimet sava\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in \u0130zmir Harp Ganimet Komisyonu kurulmu\u015ftu. Neyin ganimetiydi? \u0130zmir daha \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131yken, ne oldu da ganimet yurdu oldu? Bu, Cel\u00e2l Bayar\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131nda aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u2018Gavur \u0130zmir\u2019in T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesiydi.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir, asl\u0131nda 1913\u2019ten beri ar\u0131nd\u0131rma sahas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Balkan Harbi ma\u011fduru \u0130slam muhacirlerin Trakya ve Ege\u2019ye isk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130sk\u00e2n sahas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Rum k\u00f6yleri ve m\u00fclkleriydi. Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131ktan h\u00fck\u00fcmete g\u00f6nderilen 17 Eyl\u00fcl 1913 tarihli tezkerede, b\u00f6lgedeki Rum n\u00fcfusuna dikkat \u00e7ekilerek, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman unsuru\u201d art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla Balkanlardan gelen muhacirin isk\u00e2n\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fclkiye ve askeriyeden birer komisyon te\u015fkil edilerek gerekli ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istendi.[1] Hedef g\u00f6sterilen Rumlar Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Bu, daha sonra ya\u015fanacaklar\u0131n ilk ciddi i\u015faretiydi. Komisyonlar gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki, Rumlar\u0131 d\u00e2hile de\u011fil Yunanistan\u2019a kovalayacak plan haz\u0131rland\u0131 ve uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

E\u015fref Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 anlatt\u0131, kovalama plan\u0131 \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle haz\u0131rland\u0131: Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 [Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131] Enver\u2019in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine kolordu kurmay\u0131yla, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131 bir dizi toplant\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan toplant\u0131ya Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n evinde devam edildi. Rumlar\u0131n durumu de\u011ferlendirildi. Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta 35 bin, Edremit\u2019ten Kar\u015f\u0131yaka\u2019ya kadar 100 bin ve Urla\u2019da 75 bin Rum vard\u0131. Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n evindeki toplant\u0131da, \u201chain ve hay\u00e2s\u0131z ihtiraslar, memleketin istikl\u00e2lini tehdit etmektedir\u201d karar\u0131na var\u0131ld\u0131. En a\u011f\u0131r tehlikede olan Ege\u2019nin kalbi de \u0130zmir\u2019dir. Tedbirler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, ordunun, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin alaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler olarak \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Hedef kitle Rumlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Gavur \u0130zmir\u2019in T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesinin faaliyeti organize edildi.[2]<\/p>\n

Planla hem Rumlar kovalanacak hem de muhacirler yerle\u015ftirilecekti. Balkan muhacirlerinin \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere yerle\u015ftirilmesi[3] \u00f6nceli\u011fine g\u00f6re kovalama ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, demografik yap\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin temel politikas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 plan, Yunanistan diplomasi raporlar\u0131nda[4] da yer ald\u0131. Plan 1920\u2019ler ba\u015f\u0131nda tamamland\u0131. Anadolu\u2019nun h\u00e2kim olunan her b\u00f6lgesinde D\u00fczce, Bolu, Geyve, Bilecik, Eski\u015fehir, K\u00fctahya, Afyonkarahisar, Denizli, Burdur, Isparta, Konya, Karaman, Ere\u011fli, Mu\u011fla, Ayd\u0131n ve Silifke\u2019de H\u0131ristiyan milletler h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ilgili kararnamesiyle[5] ya da Denizli\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi yerel unsurlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kovaland\u0131. 1921\u2019de de Karadeniz, Merkez Ordusu\u2019nun Ko\u00e7giri\u2019den sonraki harek\u00e2t sahas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2018YANGININ SAVA\u015eLA \u0130LG\u0130S\u0130 YOKTU\u2019<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa [\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc], \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u015fgalden kurtulu\u015funda g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne not etmi\u015ftir. 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de, \u201cTurgutlu yanm\u0131\u015f. Nureddin Pa\u015fa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck Nif [Kemalpa\u015fa]. Ve Nif\u2019ten Belkahve\u2019ye gittik. Kadifekale\u2019de T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131. \u0130zmir yolu\u201d diye yaz\u0131ld\u0131 ve yang\u0131ndan bahis yoktu. Komutan \u0130smet, ancak 13 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de, \u201cSabahleyin \u0130ngiliz Konsolosunun ortal\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fi tela\u015f. \u0130ngilizler, Frans\u0131zlar ka\u00e7\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f. \u0130ngiltere bize ilan-\u0131 harb etmi\u015f [\u2026] Ak\u015fam yang\u0131n. [\u2026] Gece dola\u015ft\u0131m\u201d notuyla yang\u0131na de\u011findi. 14 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de sabaha ve ak\u015fama kadar yang\u0131n diye yazan \u0130smet Pa\u015fa, 15 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yang\u0131n\u0131n hafifledi\u011fini, ama devam etti\u011fi notunu kaleme ald\u0131. Hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinden fark\u0131, Belkahve detay\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmas\u0131yd\u0131.[6]<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019de yang\u0131n, i\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131ktan d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra 13 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131. Kentin 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019deki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc (Foto: T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, cilt: 2, 5. bask\u0131, ATO, s. 312).<\/p>\n

Bursa ve Bal\u0131kesir\u2019den \u0130zmir\u2019e giden M\u00fcdafaa-i Milliye Vekili [Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131] K\u00e2z\u0131m [\u00d6zalp] da yang\u0131nla ilgili Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutan\u0131\u2019ndan daha fazla detay vermedi an\u0131lar\u0131nda.[7] Gazeteci Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 (Atay) ise fail verdi ve \u201cG\u00e2vur \u0130zmir karanl\u0131kta alev alev, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz t\u00fcte t\u00fcte yan\u0131p bitti. Yang\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar, o zaman bize s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, sadece Ermeni kundak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 m\u0131 idi? Bu i\u015fte Ordu Kumandan\u0131 Nureddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n hayli marifetli oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyenler \u00e7oktu\u201d diye yazd\u0131.[8] Nureddin Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 Merkez Ordusu Kumandan\u0131 olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel emir gere\u011fi 1921\u2019de Ko\u00e7giri\u2019de ve Pontos\u2019ta neler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan biliriz; ta\u015f ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Sigortalar\u0131 \u0130tfaiyesi Komutan\u0131 Greskovi\u00e7\u2019in raporu detayl\u0131yd\u0131: \u201c12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e kadar ge\u00e7en \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn zarf\u0131nda Ermeni mahallesinden Tepecik mahallesine kadar \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nlar\u0131n adedi ve bu yang\u0131nlarda m\u00fc\u015fahede etti\u011fim haller, itfaiyenin 30 senelik istatistik cetvelinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir mahiyet arz ediyordu. 11-12 Eyl\u00fcl gece yar\u0131s\u0131ndan bir saat sonra Ermeni mahallesinde yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haber verdiler [\u2026] 13 Eyl\u00fcl saat 10.30\u2019da Ermeni mahallesinde ate\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haber verdiler. \u0130tfaiyeyle birlikte giderken, Ermeni kilisesinden 50 metre mesafede bir Ermeni evinin yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm [\u2026] Kilisenin binalar\u0131nda ate\u015f yoktu. Yaln\u0131z k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bina civar\u0131nda bah\u00e7ede 200 kadar ya\u011fl\u0131 e\u015fya balyas\u0131 ile pa\u00e7avralar bir yere toplanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fczerine de 200 t\u00fcfek ve \u00e7ok\u00e7a cephane konmu\u015f idi. Ate\u015f de bunlar aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ate\u015fte devaml\u0131 patlamalar oluyordu. S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k [\u2026] Biz kilisede iken Ermeni mahallesinde, Basmane kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yang\u0131n oldu\u011funu haber verdiler [\u2026] Ermeni mahallesinin her yerinden ate\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve her halde en az 25 yerde yang\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Biz ate\u015f i\u00e7erisinde kald\u0131k. Ayn\u0131 zamanda her taraftan bana kur\u015fun s\u0131kt\u0131lar [\u2026] Bu esnada yang\u0131n\u0131n daha gerilerden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Ermeni mahallesinin yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haber verdiler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ate\u015f i\u00e7erisinde devaml\u0131 patlamalar oluyordu. O zaman bu ate\u015fleri su ile s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmenin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131m.\u201d[9]<\/p>\n

Garabet Ha\u00e7eryan\u2019\u0131n notlar\u0131 da sigorta raporuyla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda askeri doktorluk g\u00f6revi sonras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u0130zmir\u2019de Ermeni Mill\u00ee Hastanesi\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Garabet Ha\u00e7eryan, 7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den itibaren \u0130zmir\u2019de g\u00fcn g\u00fcn neler oldu\u011funu kaydetti. 13 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de, Ermeni mahallesi Haynots\u2019da yang\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Rum mahallesini kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 14 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n yang\u0131nla kur\u015fun aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 15 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yang\u0131n\u0131n her taraf\u0131 harap etti\u011fini, b\u00f6ylece \u201cg\u00e2vur \u0130zmir\u2019in T\u00fcrk \u0130zmir\u201d oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131.[10] Sonrakiler can derdinde ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fckleriydi.<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n Lozan\u2019\u0131n da konusuydu. T\u00fcrk ve Yunan heyetlerinin s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 beyanlar\u0131ndaki ortak nokta, yang\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019in Yunan askeri birliklerinden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Taraflar nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaysa birbirini su\u00e7lad\u0131. 20 Ocak 1923\u2019te T\u00fcrkiye Heyeti\u2019nin Lozan\u2019da verdi\u011fi memoranduma g\u00f6re \u0130zmir, Bursa, Afyon, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Haymana il\u00e7esine kadar pek \u00e7ok yerle\u015fim yeri Yunanl\u0131 i\u015fgal kuvvetlerince yak\u0131ld\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve zarar 1,3 milyar lirayd\u0131.[11]<\/p>\n

Fakat T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 30 Nisan 1923 tarihli beyannamesiyle T\u00fcrk heyetinin iddias\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. 22 Haziran\u2019da M. Montanga (\u0130talya), bakanl\u0131k beyannamesini taraflar\u0131n bilgisine sundu ve okudu: \u201c\u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n, sava\u015f\u0131n bir sonucu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispatlanm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011funa g\u00f6re, bu yang\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demekten ka\u00e7\u0131nan sigorta ortakl\u0131klar\u0131, bu konuya ili\u015fkin kanunun 20\u2019nci maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131rlar. Kanuna uygun davranmayan ortakl\u0131klara h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e verilmi\u015f olan beyannameler yok ve ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lacak, ba\u011fl\u0131 ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7izelgesi yay\u0131nlanacak ve bunlar\u0131n acenteleri ve \u015fubeleri kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Yanm\u0131\u015f bulunan sigortal\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar sahiplerinin ilgili sigorta ortakl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131, istemleri dikkate al\u0131nmazsa 18\u2019inci madde uyar\u0131nca yetkili mahkemelere gitmeleri ve mahkemelerin verecekleri kararlar\u0131 uygulatmalar\u0131 gerekecektir.\u201d Montagna, bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201c\u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131n bir sonucu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispatlanm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tespitine ve bunun T\u00fcrkiye Heyeti\u2019nin 20 Ocak 1923 tarihli memorandumuyla \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti. Montagna, T\u00fcrkiye h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin sigorta \u015firketlerini b\u00f6yle zorlamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u0130talyan, \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z heyetlerinin \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve durumu protesto ettiklerini bildirdi. Heyet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet, hemen s\u00f6z ald\u0131 ve incelenmekte olan sorunla ili\u015fkisi olmayan bir konunun g\u00fcndeme getirilmesine \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmekle yetindi.[12]<\/p>\n

\u0130ktisat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirisinde, sigorta \u015firketleri uyar\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u0130zmir\u2019deki yang\u0131n sava\u015f nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fan zarar\u0131n \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yorsa da Lozan\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye heyetinin iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re, Yunanl\u0131lar \u0130zmir\u2019de yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lozan\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye heyetinin \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131yla ilgili notas\u0131, ne gariptir ki yine \u0130ktisat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 30 Nisan 1923 tarihli bildirisiyle ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

YA\u011eMANIN TE\u015eK\u0130LATI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131lan \u0130zmir\u2019de yang\u0131n sonras\u0131 g\u00fcndem mal\u0131n, m\u00fclk\u00fcn ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131yd\u0131. TBMM\u2019de ifade edildi ki, pek \u00e7ok yetkili zevat ya\u011fmada aktiftir. Hatta \u0130zmir\u2019de ya\u011fman\u0131n te\u015fkilat\u0131 da kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Harp Ganimet Komisyonu, \u0130zmir Ticaret Odas\u0131 Meclisi\u2019nin 30 Ocak 1923\u2019te yap\u0131lan 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc oturumda oybirli\u011fiyle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararda yaz\u0131l\u0131.<\/p>\n

Te\u015fkilat\u0131n kayd\u0131 \u0130zmir Ticaret Odas\u0131 evrak\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Asl\u0131nda te\u015fkilat\u0131n ad\u0131 bile, ya\u011fman\u0131n niye oldu\u011funu izah etmek i\u00e7in yeterlidir. \u0130zmir\u2019de \u2018Harp Ganimetleri Komisyonu\u2019 kuruldu ve faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi. Komisyon, 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de i\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131lan \u0130zmir\u2019de 1923 ba\u015f\u0131nda dahi halen faaliyettedir. \u0130zmir Ticaret Odas\u0131 Meclisi\u2019nin 30 Ocak 1923\u2019te yap\u0131lan 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc oturumda oybirli\u011fiyle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar, \u201cGan\u00e2im-i Harbiye Komisyonu [Harp Ganimetleri Komisyonu] taraf\u0131ndan mevr\u00fbd [gelen] tezkere mucibince taleb olunan e\u015fh\u00e2s hakk\u0131nda tahkikat icr\u00e2s\u0131na\u201d dairdir. Karar, \u201cSava\u015f Ganimetleri Komisyonundan gelen tezkerede ismi ge\u00e7enlerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d olarak \u00f6zetlendi.[13] Komisyonla ilgili ba\u015fka evrak bulamad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Ganimet, \u201csava\u015fta d\u00fc\u015fmandan zorla ele ge\u00e7irilen mallar\u201d oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, 1922 \u0130zmir\u2019inde ganimet olan kimin mal\u0131yd\u0131? TBMM tutana\u011f\u0131ndan anl\u0131yoruz ki, \u0130zmir\u2019i terk eden veya etmek zorunda kalan Rumlar\u0131n, Ermenilerin ve di\u011fer \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019lerin mallar\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130kinci bir soru da \u0130zmir\u2019den ba\u015fka yerlerde benzer komisyonlar kuruldu mu?<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019deki ya\u011fma 25 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de g\u00fcndemdeydi. Mebuslar yetkili konumda bulunanlar\u0131n da ya\u011fmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti. \u201cMemaliki m\u00fcstahlasada metruk mallar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan suistimal hakk\u0131nda\u201d yani kurtar\u0131lan b\u00f6lgelerde terk edilmi\u015f mallar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ya\u011fma \u00f6nergesi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin gerekli tedbiri vaktinde almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n ya\u011fmaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u00fctahya Mebusu Rag\u0131b, kendisine bir\u00e7ok mektup geldi\u011fini belirtti ve bir tanesini okudu. \u0130\u00e7inde 45-50 bin liral\u0131k mal bulunan ma\u011fazan\u0131n 3-4 bin liraya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fazalar\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, mallar\u0131n Ak\u015fehir, Burdur, Isparta, U\u015fak hatta Ankara\u2019ya kadar yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi. Bulgurluo\u011fullar\u0131 gibi t\u00fcccarlarla ilgili tahkikat yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vurgunun meydana \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 kaydedildi. Mebuslar Rasih (Antalya), Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc (Trabzon), Yahya Galip (K\u0131r\u015fehir), Besim Atalay (K\u00fctahya) ve \u0130brahim S\u00fcreyya (Saruhan) ya\u011fma edilen mallar konusuna de\u011findi. Abd\u00fclkadir Kemali (Kastamonu) de bir tarafta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zaferin ve di\u011fer tarafta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir felaketin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.[14] Romanc\u0131 Orhan Kemal\u2019in babas\u0131 Abd\u00fclkadir Kemali [\u00d6\u011f\u00fctc\u00fc] ve di\u011fer mebuslar, zaferin ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fan\u0131lan ya\u011fmaya dikkat \u00e7ekti ve bir an \u00f6nce tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 istendi.<\/p>\n

\u2018ZARAR 300 M\u0130LYON ALTIN L\u0130RA\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir seyahatinden d\u00f6nen Maliye Bakan\u0131 Hasan Fehmi, 27 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de TBMM\u2019de konu\u015ftu: \u201c\u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131nda memleketin serveti umumiyesine iras edilen (sebep olan) zarar bilam\u00fcbala\u011fa en asgari hesap ile alt\u0131n para olmak \u00fczere 300 milyon alt\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fctecavizdir (fazlad\u0131r). Bu yaln\u0131z \u0130zmir \u015fehrinin zarar\u0131d\u0131r. Manisa, Salihli, \u00d6demi\u015f, U\u015fak, Eski\u015fehir, Band\u0131rma ve di\u011fer k\u00f6yler ve kaza merkezleri hen\u00fcz tespit edilmi\u015f bir mahiyette de\u011fildir.\u201d \u0130zmir\u2019de H\u0131ristiyanlara ait mahallelerin ve \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n tamamen yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bakan, \u0130zmir\u2019deki fabrikalar\u0131n verildi\u011fini, Ayd\u0131n\u2019da incirlerin y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmete verilmek \u015fart\u0131yla toplat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. \u0130zmir\u2019de 20 bin haneyle birlikte Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Kredi Liyone\u2019in ve Yunanl\u0131lara ait \u00fc\u00e7 bankan\u0131n (Yunan Resm\u00ee Bankas\u0131, Atina Bankas\u0131 ve Anadolu Bankas\u0131) da yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan bakan, sat\u0131lacak mallarla ilgili olarak Sivas\u2019a, Konya\u2019ya, Ankara\u2019ya, Eski\u015fehir\u2019e, Afyon\u2019a, Mersin\u2019e, Antalya\u2019ya ve \u0130nebolu\u2019ya yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.[15]<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131nla \u0130zmir\u2019in s\u0131rf ekonomik servetinin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zarar 300 milyon alt\u0131n lirad\u0131r. 1 alt\u0131n liran\u0131n 1 lira oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00e7e harcamalar\u0131 106 milyon lira ve gayri safi milli has\u0131la da 953 milyon lira[16] olup buna g\u00f6re \u0130zmir\u2019in zarar g\u00f6ren ekonomik serveti, BMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1923 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 ve mill\u00ee gelirinin \u00fc\u00e7te biriydi.<\/p>\n

29 Kas\u0131m\u2019daki gizli oturumun g\u00fcndemi de \u0130zmir\u2019deki ya\u011fmayd\u0131. Mardin Mebusu \u0130brahim, mebustan kumandana herkesin ya\u011fmalamaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funu belirterek, \u201c\u0130\u015fitiyoruz ki, \u0130zmir\u2019in ya\u011fmas\u0131na bir\u00e7ok zabitan, ordu kumandanlar\u0131 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015ftir. Bu vaki midir? Sonra 1. Ordu Kumandan\u0131 [Nureddin Pa\u015fa] b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00fckut [nakit] ve e\u015fyay\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131 da tevzi etmi\u015ftir [da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r]. Bu sahih midir? O paralar ne miktardad\u0131r? Sonra bir mebus arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z mobilyesiyle beraber evlere girmi\u015f ve \u015fimdiye kadar o evlere tasarruf ediyorlar, bu da do\u011fru mudur? Bunlar\u0131 soruyorum\u201d dedi. \u0130zmir\u2019e girildi\u011finde ma\u011fazalar\u0131 ya\u011fma edenlerin tespit edilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken bakan, yang\u0131nda her s\u0131n\u0131f halk\u0131n birer eve girdi\u011fini, oturdu\u011funu ve b\u00f6ylece 5 bin evin i\u015fgal edildi\u011fini anlatt\u0131. Mehmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (Karahisar\u0131 Sahip), Nureddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bombayla banka kasalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormas\u0131 \u00fczerine bakan, makbuzla yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak 118 bin liraya el kondu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Yang\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019i bitirdi\u011fini vurgulayan Rag\u0131b (K\u00fctahya), binlerce insan\u0131n ya\u011fmalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Bakan Hasan Fehmi, Yahya Galip\u2019in (K\u0131r\u015fehir) ordunun s\u00fcng\u00fcs\u00fcyle gedik a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve buradan, ahalinin de memurun da arkas\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatarak, bu durumda \u201cNe yapacakt\u0131 Maliye Vekili?\u201d diye sordu. Suiistimalin devam etti\u011fini ve h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aleni yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Re\u015fat (Saruhan), Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m [\u00d6zalp] Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yaverine ev tahsis edildi\u011fini belirtmesi \u00fczerine bakan K\u00e2z\u0131m, \u201cEfendim, muhterem arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Re\u015fat Beyin beyanat\u0131 aras\u0131nda benim yaverimin de \u0130zmir\u2019de bir ev i\u015fgal etti\u011fini beyan buyurdular. Ben bu meseleden haberdar oldum. Kordon\u2019da i\u015fgal ettikleri binaya hakikaten validesini koymu\u015f ve demi\u015f ki, bu evi ben i\u015fgal edece\u011fim [\u2026] Yani kendisi kimsenin haberi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n oray\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f, fakat yine h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve oran\u0131n kumandan\u0131 benden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emir \u00fczerine benim yaverimi i\u00e7eriye sokmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d diye cevaplad\u0131.[17]<\/p>\n

7 Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de ya\u011fman\u0131n m\u00fczakeresi g\u00fcndeme gelirse de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmez[18] ve zab\u0131tlarda tart\u0131\u015fmakla kal\u0131r. D\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra 1926\u2019da \u0130zmir\u2019deki ya\u011fma hat\u0131rlan\u0131rsa[19] da gerekli soru\u015fturman\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ya\u011fma te\u015fkilat\u0131 yani \u0130zmir Harp Ganimet Komisyonu kurulmu\u015fsa, soru\u015fturulur mu?<\/p>\n

NOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] ATASE\u2019den aktaran Yrd. Do\u00e7 Dr. Ahmet Hala\u00e7o\u011flu, Balkan Harbi S\u0131ras\u0131nda Rumeli\u2019nden T\u00fcrk G\u00f6\u00e7leri (1912-1913), T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2. bas\u0131m, Ankara-1995, s. 116.<\/em><\/p>\n

[2] E\u015fref Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan aktaran Cel\u00e2l Bayar, Ben De Yazd\u0131m, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadeleye Gidi\u015f, Sabah Gazetesi Kitaplar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-1997, cilt: 5, s. 103-111,116-121, 204.<\/em><\/p>\n

[3] Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Ahmet Hala\u00e7o\u011flu, age, s. 115-117.<\/em><\/p>\n

[4] Mihail Rodas, Almanya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Rumlar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Mahvetti, \u00e7eviren: Evdokia Veriopulu, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2011, s. 98-101, 122, 125-127.<\/em><\/p>\n

[5] BCA-Katalog, F: 030.18.1.1\/K: 1, D: 11, S: 17 ve K: 2, D: 33, S:5 ve K: 3, D: 23, S: 15; BCA-F: 30.18.1.1\/K: 3, D: 19, S: 7 ve K: 2, D: 33, S: 18 ve K: 2, D: 35, S: 3, aktaran Cengiz Mutlu, M\u00fctareke D\u00f6neminde Rum N\u00fcfus Hareketleri (1918-1922), Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara-2004, s. 281-282, 344, 350, 353; Herk\u00fcl Millas (derleyen), G\u00f6\u00e7, Rumlar\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019dan Mecburi Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 (1919-1923), \u00e7eviren: Damla Demir\u00f6z\u00fc, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2001, s. 221-223, 226-229, 243-246, 262-264, 282-283.<\/em><\/p>\n

[6] Ahmet Demirel (haz\u0131rlayan), \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Defterler (1919-1973), cilt: 1, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2001, s. 40-41; Sabahattin Selek (haz\u0131rlayan), \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Hat\u0131ralar, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara-2006, s. 285-286.<\/em><\/p>\n

[7] K\u00e2z\u0131m \u00d6zalp, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele, 1919-1922, cilt: 1, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi, Ankara-1998, s. 237.<\/em><\/p>\n

[8] Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, \u00c7ankaya, Bate\u015f Atat\u00fcrk Dizisi, \u0130stanbul-1998, s. 324.<\/em><\/p>\n

[9] Bilge Umar, \u0130zmir\u2019de Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Son G\u00fcnleri, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara-1974, s. 324-326.<\/em><\/p>\n

[10] Dora Sakayan, Bir Ermeni Doktorun Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Garabet Ha\u00e7eryan\u2019\u0131n \u0130zmir G\u00fcncesi, \u00e7eviren: Atilla Tuygan, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2005, s. 13-18, 44-45, 54-60, 61-67.<\/em><\/p>\n

[11] Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, tutanaklar-belgeler, \u00e7eviren: Seha. L. Meray, cilt: 4, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2. bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2001, s. 151-157.<\/em><\/p>\n

[12] Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, tutanaklar-belgeler, cilt: 7, s. 95-96.<\/em><\/p>\n

[13] \u0130zmir Ticaret Odas\u0131, Meclis Karar Defteri I-II, 1922-1930, haz\u0131rlayan: Dr. Fikret Y\u0131lmaz, \u0130zmir Ticaret Odas\u0131, K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Sanat ve Tarih Yay\u0131nlar\u0131-5, \u0130zmir-2008, s. 28, 68.<\/em><\/p>\n

[14] TBMM ZC, devre: I, cilt: 25, s. 66-82.<\/em><\/p>\n

[15] TBMM ZC, devre: I, cilt: 25, s. 97-105.<\/em><\/p>\n

[16] Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130statistik G\u00f6stergeler, 1923-2002, yay\u0131n no: 2.790, s. 538, 585.<\/em><\/p>\n

[17] TBMM GCZ, cilt: 3, s. 1131-1143.<\/em><\/p>\n

[18] TBMM ZC, devre: I, cilt: 25, s. 240-242.<\/em><\/p>\n

[19] TBMM ZC, devre: II, cilt: 23, s. 77-78.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Gazete Duvar<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gazeteci Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 (Atay) \u201cG\u00e2vur \u0130zmir karanl\u0131kta alev alev, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz t\u00fcte t\u00fcte yan\u0131p bitti. Yang\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar, o zaman bize s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, sadece Ermeni kundak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 m\u0131 idi? Bu i\u015fte Ordu Kumandan\u0131 Nureddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n hayli marifetli oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyenler \u00e7oktu\u201d diye yazd\u0131. \u0130zmir, 1913\u2019ten beri ar\u0131nd\u0131rma sahas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Balkan Harbi ma\u011fduru \u0130slam muhacirlerin Trakya ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":70159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9,33,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-haklarimiz","category-izmir","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n1922\u2019de \u2018\u0130zmir Harp Ganimet Komisyonu\u2019 ne yapt\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=70157\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1922\u2019de \u2018\u0130zmir Harp Ganimet Komisyonu\u2019 ne yapt\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gazeteci Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 (Atay) \u201cG\u00e2vur \u0130zmir karanl\u0131kta alev alev, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz t\u00fcte t\u00fcte yan\u0131p bitti. Yang\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar, o zaman bize s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, sadece Ermeni kundak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 m\u0131 idi? 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