![\"\"](\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Diyarbakirin-dut-agaclari-360x253.webp\")
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1850\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra Diyarbak\u0131r hem ipek kozas\u0131 \u00fcretimi hem de dokumas\u0131nda zirve y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. Restore edilip ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131lan Cemil Pa\u015fa Kona\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ipek ve pu\u015fi at\u00f6lyesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu at\u00f6lyenin ustaba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ise, sanat\u00e7\u0131 Udi Yervant Bostanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n babas\u0131 Hagop\u2019tu. O y\u0131llarda Cemil Pa\u015fa Kona\u011f\u0131 ile Meryem Ana Kilisesi\u2019nin oldu\u011fu sokak aras\u0131nda Sinek Pazar\u0131 denilen bir semt bulunurdu. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u00f6lyeleri genelde bu semtte toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ali Pa\u015fa ve Behram Pa\u015fa mahallelerinde evler at\u00f6lye olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Koza \u00fcretimi genelde ailece yap\u0131lan bir i\u015fti ve evlerde yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Peki sonra ne oldu? K\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler oldu\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n \u015eehadet \u00c7itil<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n Kaynaklar M\u00d6 2600\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Yer \u00c7in. Rivayet odur ki; \u00c7in \u0130mparatoru bir t\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131n kendi kozas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffeder. Oturup bir t\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye vakti el vermedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kar\u0131s\u0131na t\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131 izleme g\u00f6revi verir. Kar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6revi gere\u011fi t\u0131rt\u0131ldan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ay\u0131rmaz, dut yapra\u011f\u0131 yedikten sonra koza \u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu kozadan ip \u00e7ekildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve bununla denemelik bir kaftan diker. Bu kaftan\u0131 \u00e7ok be\u011fenir ve hik\u00e2ye b\u00f6yle ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n \u0130pekb\u00f6cek\u00e7ili\u011finin Anadolu\u2019ya geli\u015fi ise 550\u2019li y\u0131llara tekab\u00fcl eder. Bu tarihten 16. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u00f6zellikle \u0130ran\u2019dan gelen ham ipek kervanlar\u0131 Bitlis\u2019ten sonra Diyarbak\u0131r veya Mardin \u00fczerinden iki yol ayr\u0131m\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Buradan ya Halep\u2019e gidip mallar\u0131n\u0131 orada satacaklar ya da Diyarbak\u0131r ve Mardin\u2019de dokuma at\u00f6lyelerine satacaklar. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir yol da Bursa, \u0130stanbul, Tokat, Amasya illerine devam edip oradaki dokuma at\u00f6lyelerine satmak. KPSS\u2019de bu yola \u0130pek Yolu denir. Bu \u015fehirler elbette sadece transit g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rmez, \u00fcretimin de merkezi olacakt\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00fcretilen ipek dokumas\u0131 ise Avrupa pazar\u0131nda sat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu yollar\u0131n kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131 ise Diyarbak\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da 1500 kadar dokuma at\u00f6lyesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ne var ki at\u00f6lyelerin ham ipek talebi tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanamaz, zira ham ipek \u0130ran\u2019dan ve \u00c7in\u2019den geliyordu. Bu d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131na do\u011fru seferberlik ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Diyarbak\u0131r, dut yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uygundur. Amasya\u2019da 5 y\u0131lda verim al\u0131rken dut a\u011fac\u0131, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda. Amasya\u2019da dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede verim azalt\u0131rken Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki a\u011fa\u00e7lar daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya bu bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belgeler gider gelir, m\u00fcfetti\u015fler g\u00f6nderilir. Karadeniz\u2019den kenevir ve keten yeti\u015ftiricisi iki usta Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a gelir. Amasya\u2019dan ipek dokuma ustas\u0131 istenir, Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 e\u015fraf\u0131n \u015fart\u0131 vard\u0131r bu iki usta ile ilgili; \u201cdut fidan\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmesini iyi bilecekler\u201d yazar taleplerinde. Diyarbak\u0131r Valisi Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa, bu e\u011fitmenlerin t\u00fcm yol masraflar\u0131n\u0131 ve maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 halk\u0131n \u00f6demeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu da ekler talep yaz\u0131s\u0131na.<\/p>\n Dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik verilir, fidanlar \u00fccretsiz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, e\u011fitimler verilir, Karadeniz\u2019den getirilen iki \u00f6k\u00fcz arabas\u0131 imalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 neredeyse her hafta bir yeni at\u00f6lye a\u00e7ar. Hevsel Bah\u00e7eleri\u2019nin t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ile doldurulur. Sur dibine dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ekilir. Mardin Kap\u0131 ile On G\u00f6zl\u00fc K\u00f6pr\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki yola iki s\u0131ra dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ekilir. Kulp, Lice, Silvan\u2019da dut a\u011fac\u0131 ekenlere vergi imtiyazlar\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131r. \u00c7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra bu \u00fc\u00e7 il\u00e7e dut a\u011fac\u0131 orman\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Fiskaya\u2019ya boydan boya dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ekilir. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da sadece \u015fehir merkezinde dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 2.750 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck bir yer kaplamaktad\u0131r. Koza yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ve dokumadan elde edilen gelir devletin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden fazla olur. Osmanl\u0131, 60 bin kuru\u015fluk Harir \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc (vergi) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ihaleyi Vatagaro\u011flu Ohannes\u2019e, Ke\u015fi\u015f o\u011flu Mikail\u2019e ve Be\u015fikta\u015fl\u0131 o\u011flu Barnanaz\u2019a verir. Ancak bu miktar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde gelir elde edilir. Fazla \u00fcretim Diyarbak\u0131r mal sand\u0131\u011f\u0131na teslim edilir Vatagaro\u011flu Ohannes ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan.<\/p>\n 1850\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra art\u0131k Diyarbak\u0131r hem ipek kozas\u0131 \u00fcretimi hem de dokumas\u0131nda zirve y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015far. Restore edilip ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131lan Cemil Pa\u015fa Kona\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ipek ve pu\u015fi at\u00f6lyesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu at\u00f6lyenin ustaba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ise, sanat\u00e7\u0131 Udi Yervant Bostanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n babas\u0131 Hagop\u2019tur. (Yakup).<\/p>\n O y\u0131llarda Cemil Pa\u015fa Kona\u011f\u0131 ile Meryem Ana Kilisesi\u2019nin oldu\u011fu sokak aras\u0131nda Sinek Pazar\u0131 denilen bir semt bulunurdu. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u00f6lyeleri genelde bu semtte toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ali Pa\u015fa ve Behram Pa\u015fa mahallelerinde evler at\u00f6lye olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Koza \u00fcretimi genelde ailece yap\u0131lan bir i\u015fti ve evlerde yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu kadar koza \u00fcretimi olur da, koza borsas\u0131 ve koza han\u0131 olmaz m\u0131? Mardinkap\u0131 ile Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131larba\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda Koza Han\u0131 art\u0131k yok maalesef. Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131larba\u015f\u0131\u2019nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 aktif olarak postane hizmeti veren Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131larba\u015f\u0131 Postanesi o y\u0131llarda koza borsas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Urfakap\u0131\u2019daki \u0130pek Han\u0131 ise art\u0131k yok.<\/p>\n 1888-1905 aras\u0131nda Bursa \u0130pek B\u00f6cek\u00e7ili\u011fi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden mezun olan 1200 k\u00fcsur \u00f6\u011frenciden 7\u2019si Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da birinci Ziraat ve Sanayi Sergisi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Sergide en b\u00fcy\u00fck eme\u011fi Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7ar\u015faf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve li kuma\u015f \u00fcreticisi Agop vermi\u015f. Agop yetkililerden madalya ve taltif alm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Bu tarihten sonra i\u015fler ters gitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. \u0130pek \u00f6\u015fr\u00fcne yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek zamlar dokuma at\u00f6lye sahiplerinin ve koza \u00fcreticilerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi b\u0131rakmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f. Hastal\u0131klar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00f6neticilerin m\u00fcdahalesinin yetersizli\u011fi, dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken su yollar\u0131n\u0131n kaynak yetersizli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yap\u0131lmamas\u0131, artan h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k vakalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerin etkili olmamas\u0131 koza \u00fcreticilerinin ve at\u00f6lye sahiplerinin gelirlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, vergilerin \u00f6denmesinde zorluklar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Yine de bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bitiren, bu aksilikler de\u011filmi\u015f. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar olmu\u015f. 1910\u2019lu y\u0131llar. Siyasi gerilim topluma sirayet etmi\u015f. Ulu Cami\u2019nin solunda bulunan \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya h\u00e2l\u00e2 yan\u0131k \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 anlam\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u00c7ar\u015fiya \u015e\u00eawit\u00ee deniyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131da ba\u015flayan yang\u0131n silsilesi Mardinkap\u0131\u2019da baz\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131yla devam etmi\u015f. Yang\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131l\u0131 1914. Hristiyan d\u00fckk\u00e2n sahipleri o y\u0131ldan sonra d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7amaz olmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n 1915\u2019e gelindi\u011finde ise Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Ermeni sakinleri i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez bir karanl\u0131k ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Koza \u00fcretimi ve dokuma at\u00f6lyelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ermeni ustalar\u0131 ve ailelerinin emekleriyle kurulmu\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle koza \u00fcretimi evlerde ailece yap\u0131lan bir i\u015fti. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nan tehcir karar\u0131yla \u015fehrin esnaflar\u0131, ustalar\u0131, ustaba\u015f\u0131lar\u0131, ara elemanlar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131raklar\u0131, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131, dokuma boyac\u0131lar\u0131, at\u00f6lye sahipleri, dut a\u011fac\u0131 bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, aileleri, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 istemedikleri o korkun\u00e7 yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar ve bir daha d\u00f6nmediler.<\/p>\n Onlardan kalan bu birikime ise el konuldu\u2026 1915\u2019te T\u0131rpanc\u0131yanlar\u0131n ipek fabrikas\u0131na Diyarbak\u0131r e\u015fraf\u0131ndan iki ailenin el koymas\u0131 gibi. Bu fabrika modernle\u015ftirildi ama \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f durdurulamad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gidenler sadece ustalar, ustaba\u015f\u0131lar de\u011fildi. Siyasi gerilimden haberleri olmay\u0131p, evlerinde koza \u00fcretimi yapan kad\u0131n, \u00e7oluk, \u00e7ocuk da g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n At\u00f6lyeler kapat\u0131ld\u0131, tezg\u00e2hlarda \u00fcretim durdu. Hatta dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015fehri kirletti\u011fi i\u00e7in kesilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Sonra s\u0131rayla Sinek semti kayboldu, Koza Han ve \u0130pek Han y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, koza borsas\u0131 bitti.<\/p>\n Yeni cumhuriyetin kalk\u0131nma hamlesi olan \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019nde Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki koza \u00fcretimi ve ipek b\u00f6cek\u00e7ili\u011finin tekrar canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir dizi kararlar al\u0131n\u0131p uyguland\u0131. Dar\u2019\u00fcl Harir Mektebi bu kararlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u015fimdinin \u0130stasyon Caddesi\u2019nde art\u0131k olmayan \u015eayak Fabrikas\u0131\u2019nda. E\u011fitim kalitesi d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekti. Sadece dokumac\u0131l\u0131k dersi verilmiyordu, dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in tohum dersi, hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 ziraat dersleri de veriliyordu. Ancak yine de ipek dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n Sebebi\u2026<\/p>\n 1937 y\u0131l\u0131, okul ilk mezunlar\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Okulda ikincili\u011fi Yervant T\u0131rpanc\u0131yan hak etti. \u00d6d\u00fcl t\u00f6reni g\u00fcn\u00fc, Yervant sahneye ikincilik belgesini almak i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lacakt\u0131. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Onun yerine y\u00fcksek ziraat m\u00fchendisi bir gen\u00e7 sahneye davet edildi ve belge ona verildi. 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda Agop\u2019a ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan ve eme\u011finden dolay\u0131 madalya veren ak\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015fti \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Yervant\u2019\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lan kalbini tamir etmedi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in de iki yakam\u0131z bir araya gelmiyor. Dutlar ye\u015fermiyor, ipek kozalar\u0131 \u00fczerlerinde yuva yapm\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n Daha detayl\u0131 bilgi edinmek isteyenler;<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131dan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Diyarbak\u0131r,\u00a0<\/em>Ensar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/serbestiyet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-154.png?ssl=1\")
<\/a><\/figure>\n