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\u0130nan\u00e7 turizminin \u00f6nemli de\u011ferlerinden biri olan Akdamar (Akhtamar-‘Akunq’ web sitesi) Adas\u0131, Van\u2019\u0131 ziyaret eden yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turistlerin ilk u\u011frak yeri olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Akdamar Adas\u0131 nerede? Akdamar Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hikayesi nedir?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ndeki Akdamar Adas\u0131 ve burada bulunan An\u0131t M\u00fcze, her y\u0131l \u00e7ok say\u0131da yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turisti a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131yor. Akdamar Adas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Van ve Bitlis illeri aras\u0131nda bulunan Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yer alan ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck adad\u0131r.<\/p>\n AKDAMAR ADASI NEREDED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n Van\u2019\u0131n Geva\u015f il\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer alan adan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 163.753 metrekaredir.Adan\u0131n toplam k\u0131y\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu 3 kilometreyi bulmaktad\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 deniz seviyesinden 1912 metre y\u00fcksekte bulunan adan\u0131n bat\u0131 u\u00e7lar\u0131nda y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 80 metreye ula\u015fan dik kayal\u0131klar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n AKDAMAR ADASI\u2019NA NASIL G\u0130D\u0130L\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n Geva\u015f il\u00e7esinden 20 dakika s\u00fcren tekne yolculu\u011fu ile Akdamar Adas\u0131\u2019na ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n AKDAMAR K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130\u2019N\u0130N TAR\u0130H\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Adan\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusuna kurulmu\u015f olan kilise, Kutsal Ha\u00e7 ad\u0131na Vaspurakan Kral\u0131 I. Gagik taraf\u0131ndan 915-921 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ke\u015fi\u015f Manuel\u2019e yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kilisenin kuzeydo\u011fusundaki \u015fapel 1296-1336 tarihlerinde; bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki jamaton 1763 tarihinde; g\u00fcneyindeki \u00e7an kulesi 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda ilave edilmi\u015ftir. Kuzeyindeki \u015fapelin ise, tarihi bilinmemektedir. \u0130lk yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda saray kilisesi olan yap\u0131, sonradan manast\u0131r kilisesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda ge\u00e7irmi\u015f oldu\u011fu restorasyon sonucunda An\u0131t M\u00fcze olarak hizmete girmi\u015ftir. Kilise, mimarisi yan\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f cephelerindeki fig\u00fcrl\u00fc ta\u015f plasti\u011fi ile dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Plan bak\u0131m\u0131ndan merkezi kubbeli, d\u00f6rt yaprakl\u0131 yonca bi\u00e7imli ha\u00e7 plana sahiptir. Orta mekan y\u00fcksek kasnakl\u0131, i\u00e7ten kubbe, d\u0131\u015ftan piramidal k\u00fclahla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kubbenin y\u00fcksek tutulmas\u0131 kilisedeki dikey etkiyi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koy maktad\u0131r. Kiliseye bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcneyden birer kap\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla girilmektedir. Kilisenin \u00e7evresi daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde ilave edilen yap\u0131larla ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kilisenin fig\u00fcrl\u00fc repertuar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zengindir. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u0130ncil ve Tevrat\u2019tan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli sahneler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yunus Peygamber\u2019in denize at\u0131lmas\u0131, Hz. Meryem ve kuca\u011f\u0131nda \u0130sa, Adem ile Havva\u2019n\u0131n Cennet\u2019ten kovulmas\u0131, Hz. Davut ile Kral Goliat\u2019\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi, Samson Filistinli ikilisi, ate\u015fte \u00fc\u00e7 ibrani genci, Aslan ininde Daniel sahneleri bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131 cephede Kral Gagik\u2019i kilise maketini sunarken g\u00f6steren bir sahne yer almaktad\u0131r. D\u00f6rt y\u00f6ndeki al\u0131nl\u0131klarda \u0130ncil yazarlar\u0131 boydan tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan ba\u015fka cephenin alt ve \u00fcst kesimlerinde, asma sarma\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ku\u015faklar dolanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ku\u015faklar\u0131n i\u00e7lerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fcnyevi sahneler i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Av sahneleri, \u00e7esitli hayvanlar, g\u00fcre\u015f\u00e7iler ve sarayla ilgili bir \u00e7ok sahneye yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca do\u011fu cephenin tam ortas\u0131nda asma sarma\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bord\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde Abbasi Halifesi Muktedir ba\u015f\u0131 haleli, ba\u011fda\u015f kurmu\u015f vaziyette bir elinde kadeh, di\u011fer elinde \u00fcz\u00fcm tutar vaziyette, tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Dini ve d\u00fcnyevi sahnelerden ba\u015fka, hayvan fig\u00fcrleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de bir \u00e7esitlilik g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Aralarda serbest bi\u00e7imde, asma sarma\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ve \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131n alt kesimlerinde bu zengin hayvan fig\u00fcrlerini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Manast\u0131r toplulu\u011funun tarihi IX. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar inmektedir. Daha sonra 1462\u2019de yenilenen kilise, 1703\u2019teki depremde zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden 1712-1720 tarihleri aras\u0131nda tekrar onar\u0131m ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Kilise, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 do\u011frultusunda dikd\u00f6rtgen bir alana oturmaktad\u0131r. Ortadaki merkezi kubbe, bat\u0131dan iki serbest ayak ve do\u011fudan apsis duvar\u0131na dayanan d\u00f6rt y\u00f6ndeki kemerlerle ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fudaki ap\u00acsis be\u015f k\u00f6\u015feli olup, iki yan\u0131nda h\u00fccreler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 taraftaki ha\u00e7 kolunu \u00f6rten kubbe ise, kaburgal\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Merkezi kubbe d\u0131\u015fa y\u00fcksek kasnakl\u0131 piramidal bir k\u00fclah \u015feklinde yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 ve kuzey cepheye a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki kap\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla giri\u015f sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan bat\u0131daki portal \u015feklinde bir d\u00fczenleme g\u00f6stermektedir. Kesme ta\u015f malzeme kilisenin tamam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 taraf\u0131na eklenen jamaton ise, kare planl\u0131 ve dokuz b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00fczeri aynal\u0131 \u00e7apraz tonozlarla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 cephesindeki d\u0131\u015fa ta\u015f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 giri\u015fin \u00fczeri \u00e7an kulesi olarak tertip edilmi\u015ftir. Alttaki kap\u0131 mukarnas kavsaralar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mda da yer yer iki renkli d\u00fczg\u00fcn kesme ta\u015f malzeme g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kilisenin i\u00e7erisini de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bozulmu\u015f olan freskler s\u00fcslemektedir. Bu fresklerde genel olarak Hz. \u0130sa ile ilgili konular i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczg\u00fcn kesme ta\u015f malzemeyle in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131da, d\u0131\u015f cepheleri s\u00fcsleyen mimari plastik, kiliseye etkin bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Abbasi yoluyla Orta Asya T\u00fcrk sanat\u0131 etkilerini de \u00fczerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00f6nemini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n AKDAMAR ADASI\u2019NIN H\u0130KAYES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Adan\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n nereden geldi\u011fine dair yayg\u0131n halk hik\u00e2yesine g\u00f6re, zaman\u0131nda bu adada ya\u015fayan Ermeni ba\u015f ke\u015fi\u015fin g\u00fczelli\u011fi dillere destan Tamara ad\u0131nda bir k\u0131z\u0131 vard\u0131r. Adan\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki k\u00f6ylerde \u00e7obanl\u0131k yapan bir gen\u00e7 bu k\u0131za \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olur. Bu gen\u00e7 Tamara ile bulu\u015fmak i\u00e7in her gece adaya y\u00fczer. Tamara ise ona gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerini belli etmek i\u00e7in onu bir fenerle bekler. Bundan haberdar olan k\u0131z\u0131n babas\u0131, f\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 bir gecede elinde fenerle adan\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na iner ve s\u00fcrekli yer de\u011fi\u015ftirerek gencin bo\u015funa y\u00fcz\u00fcp, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirmesine neden olur. Y\u00fczmekten g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirip, yorulan gen\u00e7 \u00e7oban bo\u011fulur ve bo\u011fulmadan \u00f6nce son nefesiyle \u201cAh Tamara!\u201d diye hayk\u0131r\u0131r. Bunu duyan k\u0131z da hemen ard\u0131ndan kendini g\u00f6l\u00fcn sular\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131r O g\u00fcnden sonra ada Ah Tamara! ismi ile anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu hik\u00e2ye Ermeni \u015fair Hovhannes Tumanyan anlat\u0131m\u0131yla efsanele\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu efsanenin tarihi ger\u00e7eklerle alakas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphesizdir. 9. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren kaydedilmi\u015f olan A\u011ftamar ad\u0131n\u0131n Arap\u00e7a \u011eMR k\u00f6k\u00fcnden \u201ckabart\u0131, t\u00fcmsek\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen bir t\u00fcrev olmas\u0131 daha kuvvetli bir olas\u0131l\u0131k olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n Ad\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imi olarak Akdamar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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