{"id":68966,"date":"2022-06-10T03:50:59","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T08:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966"},"modified":"2022-06-10T03:50:59","modified_gmt":"2022-06-10T08:50:59","slug":"turk-edebiyatinda-oteki-dusmanligina-dair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Edebiyat \u201cmillet olmay\u0131\u201d yans\u0131tan \u201chayali bir aynad\u0131r.\u201d Bu ayna, topluma milli birli\u011fe mensup olma deneyimini ya\u015fat\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilen edebi eserlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu edebiyat kanonu milli kimli\u011fi temsil eder\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Metin Yetkin<\/strong><\/p>\n

DUVAR \u2013 T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1910\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren ba\u015flasa da zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dozu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda birtak\u0131m antropolojik verilerle T\u00fcrklerin d\u00fcnya medeniyetinin kurucular\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cme\u015fru\u201d temellere oturtmu\u015f, T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi on y\u0131llar boyunca \u00f6tekine dini, \u0131rki, hatta cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinden kurulmu\u015ftur. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i e\u011filimli yazarlar \u00f6tekini i\u00e7 tehdit yahut ahlaki tehdit olarak alg\u0131lam\u0131\u015f, bu alg\u0131 giderek geni\u015fleyerek u\u00e7 noktalara varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ulus-devlet olu\u015f s\u00fcrecinde modernle\u015fme hususunda geciken \u00fclkelerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunsallar\u0131ndan biri kimlik sorunsal\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni rejim kendini yeni bir tarih \u00fcst\u00fcnden in\u015fa edilen yeni bir kimlikle bir Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma projesi olarak kurmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu durumda \u201cgeleneksel\u201d halk ile \u201creformcu\u201d rejim z\u0131t d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu z\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme i\u015flevini de \u201cmill\u00ee kimlik\u201d tezlerini ortaya atan yahut ortaya at\u0131lanlar\u0131 savunan ayd\u0131nlar y\u00fcklenir. B\u00f6ylelikle halk diline yakla\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayd\u0131nlar edebiyat disiplinini tarihsel mitler yaratmak, milleti bir anlat\u0131 olarak kurgulamak i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anthony Smith, bir milletin hayali bir cemaat olarak kurgulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n \u201cortak etnik k\u00f6ken\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtir. Ortak etnik k\u00f6kene dair de alt\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer: \u00d6zel bir isim, ata miti, tarihi haf\u0131za, \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir anayurt. Bu \u00f6zelliklerin \u00e7o\u011funa sahip olan n\u00fcfus, \u201cideal bir etnik topluluk\u201d olmaya yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Yine de etnik topluluklar millete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez, s\u00f6z konusu herhangi bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci kesinlikle do\u011fal olmayacakt\u0131r. Smith tam bu noktada devletin \u201cetnik-entelijansiyaya\u201d bir \u201ckataliz\u00f6r\u201d i\u015flevi y\u00fckledi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer. Bu entelijansiyan\u0131n g\u00f6revi etnik toplulu\u011fu \u201cke\u015ffedilmi\u015f\u201d yeni bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr etraf\u0131nda bir araya getirmektir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle edilgen bir toplulu\u011fu ulus-devlet s\u00fcrecinde etken bir \u00f6zne haline getirmektir ama\u00e7. Bu da Hobsbawm\u2019\u0131n ifadesiyle \u201cgelene\u011fin icat edilmesidir.\u201d Ona g\u00f6re icat edilen t\u00fcm gelenekler, devlet yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak ve toplulu\u011fu kendine ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Gelene\u011fin icad\u0131 s\u00fcreci, bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015fin farkl\u0131 ve tekrar eden sembollerle a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecidir. Ancak bu semboller geleneksel toplum yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir. \u00c7eli\u015fki, modernle\u015fme konusunda \u00f6nemli bir unsurdur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc modernle\u015fme bir kimlik kriziyle ba\u015flar. Bilimsel devlet eliyle diretilen Bat\u0131l\u0131 devrimler halk\u0131n dini ve geleneksel yap\u0131s\u0131na ne derece uygundur? Bu ba\u011flamda ayd\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n maddi \u00f6zelliklerini alarak bunlar\u0131 Do\u011fu\u2019nun manevi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde eritmektir. Bu eritme i\u015flemini tarihi ba\u011flamda me\u015fru k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in de bir \u201ck\u00f6ken miti\u201d yarat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu mit olunca dil ve edebiyat, milletin anlat\u0131 olarak kurgulan\u0131\u015f\u0131nda anahtar role sahip olur. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle edebiyat \u201cmillet olmay\u0131\u201d yans\u0131tan \u201chayali bir aynad\u0131r.\u201d Bu ayna, topluma milli birli\u011fe mensup olma deneyimini ya\u015fat\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilen edebi eserlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu edebiyat kanonu milli kimli\u011fi temsil eder, milliyet\u00e7i edebiyat g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc buradan al\u0131r. Zira edebiyat kanonu s\u00fcregiden bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yans\u0131tarak milliyet\u00e7i k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar\u0131 nesilden nesle aktararak kamusal alanda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Nitekim, Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu s\u00fcreci g\u00f6rmek zor olmaz. Ulus-devlet in\u015fas\u0131nda ilkin fiziki antropoloji b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynar. Rejim, bu bilimin sundu\u011fu verilerden hareketle sek\u00fcler bir tarih olu\u015fturmay\u0131 hedefler. Otuz bir ya\u015f\u0131nda Ankara \u00dcniversitesinde profes\u00f6r unvan\u0131 kazanan, T\u00fcrk Tarihi Tedkik Cemiyeti \u00fcyesi olan, antropolog \u015eevket Aziz Kansu\u2019nun antropolojik verilerle Hititlerin brakisefal oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamay\u0131 denedi\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Kansu, eski T\u00fcrk kavimleriyle Anadolu medeniyetleri aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden O\u011fuzlar\u0131n zaten kendi \u0131rklar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder. B\u00f6ylelikle Anadolu, T\u00fcrklerin ezeli ve ebedi yurdu olarak konumlan\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler de sar\u0131 \u0131rktan de\u011fil beyaz \u0131rktan gelmektedir. Yani, medeniyetin kurucular\u0131n\u0131n torunlar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerdir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131 onlar ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr tezinin omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan bu sav Eug\u00e8ne Pittard dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda doktora tezini yapan Afet \u0130nan\u2019\u0131n, devletin t\u00fcm imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak 64 bin ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi antropolojik anketle desteklenecekti. Bu tarih tezine paralel olarak dil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da h\u0131z kazanacakt\u0131, bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Teori, ilk insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fe duyduklar\u0131 hayranl\u0131k ve korku kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda verdi\u011fi tepkilerden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Bu tepkiler fiziksel ileti\u015fimden s\u00f6zl\u00fc ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu a\u015famada g\u00fcne\u015f en \u00f6nemli unsurdu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilk insanlar g\u00fcne\u015fi \u201cak\u0131l, Tanr\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7\u201d gibi kavramlarla ili\u015fkilendiriyordu. \u0130nsan\u0131n k\u00f6kenini \u00c2dem ve Havva\u2019ya dayand\u0131ran ontolojik tarih gelene\u011fi fiziki antropolojiyle sek\u00fcler alana ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015fken, dil de G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi ile birlikte sek\u00fcler alana ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu. T\u00fcrklerin \u00fcst\u00fcn bir medeniyete ve bu medeniyetten do\u011fan \u00fcst\u00fcn bir dile sahip oldu\u011fu iddia edildi. Bu iddialar, deste\u011fini S\u00fcmerce-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e aras\u0131ndaki benzerliklerin saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 dilbilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla buldu. Sonu\u00e7ta t\u00fcm kelimelerin k\u00f6keninin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Art\u0131k e\u011fitim alan\u0131na y\u00f6nelmeli ve halka T\u00fcrklerin \u201cger\u00e7ek kimli\u011fi\u201d benimsetilmeliydi\u2026<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel arka plan\u0131n b\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde tarihsel anlat\u0131lar\u0131 aktarman\u0131n en etkili ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de zaten s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi \u00fczere edebiyatt\u0131. Bu fikriyattan etkilenen T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayca benimsendi. Nitekim, milliyet\u00e7i edebiyat Herk\u00fcl Milas\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere(1) \u00fc\u00e7 kol \u00fczerinden ilerledi: 1) Cumhuriyet\u00e7i ulus\u00e7u edebiyat 2) Irk\u00e7\u0131\/dinsel e\u011filimli edebiyat 3) Pop\u00fcler ulus\u00e7u edebiyat.<\/p>\n

Bu k\u00fclliyatta ilk olarak T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi \u00f6teki kimliklerden kesin hatlarla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ikinci olarak da T\u00fcrkl\u00fck bir devlet projesi i\u00e7erisinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lki J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminden beri T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda yer alsa da ikincisi bu d\u00f6nemde kuvvetlenmi\u015f ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur. Bu k\u00fclliyat\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi de T\u00fcrk milletinin her daim \u00f6teki tehlikesi alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu vurgulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i \u00e7izgiden \u00f6rnekler vermek gerekirse ilkin Halide Edip Ad\u0131var\u2019dan bahsedilebilir. Halide Edip 1910\u2019lardan 1960\u2019lara kadar Rum kahramanlar\u0131 her daim olumsuz \u00f6zellikleriyle ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim, onun metinlerinde T\u00fcrkleri yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kana susam\u0131\u015f Rum karakterlere \u00e7ok\u00e7a rastlar\u0131z. Yine Rumlarla ili\u015fkilendirilen Beyo\u011flu semti de Ad\u0131var i\u00e7in fuhu\u015f ve z\u00fchrevi hastal\u0131k merkezidir. Bunu daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlatmak gerekirse Milas\u2019\u0131n istatiksel verilerine bak\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n

\u201cOn sekizi kad\u0131n, dokuzu erkek roman\/\u00f6yk\u00fc kahraman\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir tek olumlu Rum g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131rk alt\u0131 olumsuz olay\/yarg\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ise hi\u00e7bir olumlu s\u00f6z yoktur. Olumsuz yarg\u0131lar y\u00fczde 99 kadard\u0131r. Zaman i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131la\u015fmalara dikkat edildi\u011finde, 1919\u2019dan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde birka\u00e7 \u2018tarafs\u0131z\u2019 nitelemenin biraz daha kabar\u0131k oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Heyula\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1909 y\u0131l\u0131 ile Hayat Par\u00e7alar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l olan 1963 y\u0131l\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019nin imaj\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir fark g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenemez.\u201d (Milas 2005, s.78)<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 e\u011filime sahip olan bir ba\u015fka isim de Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu\u2019dur. Onun Rum karakterleri de tamamen olumsuz \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funun amac\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri yok etmek olup T\u00fcrk k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131rz\u0131na ge\u00e7mek isterler. Ad\u0131var\u2019la ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Rum k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn merkezi olarak kabul etti\u011fi Beyo\u011flu semtini sapk\u0131n yata\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Hatta, Rum a\u011fz\u0131yla konu\u015fanlardan dahi tiksinir. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcken ise Yakup Kadri\u2019nin 1910\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda k\u0131sa bir zaman i\u00e7in dahi olsa Nev-Yunanilik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn hevesli bir destek\u00e7isi olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne duydu\u011fu bu ilgiyi 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren \u201cme\u015fru\u201d bir zemine oturtacakt\u0131r sonunda. Zira bu tarihten itibaren art\u0131k T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi\u2019ni benimsemi\u015ftir. Antik Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Yunanl\u0131lardan ay\u0131rarak antikite k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli g\u00f6rmektedir. 1930\u2019dan sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 romanlarda yer alan betimlemelerde T\u00fcrk-Yunan benzerlikleri \u00e7ok\u00e7a yer al\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki Panorama\u2019da Mustafa Kemal\u2019i Promete\u2019ye, sofralar\u0131n\u0131 da Sokrat meclislerine benzetecektir.<\/p>\n

Irk\u00e7\u0131\/dinsel e\u011filime gelindi\u011finde ise cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerden \u00e7ok daha gen\u00e7 bir ku\u015fakla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Bu ku\u015fakta ilkin Nihal Ats\u0131z\u2019dan bahsetmek gerekir. Art\u0131k, Rumlar\u0131n ulusal tehdit olarak alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin ahlak\u0131n\u0131 bozdu\u011fu cumhuriyet\u00e7i \u00e7izgi tamamen \u0131rki bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131saca, T\u00fcrk olarak do\u011fmayan her \u0131rk veya topluluk a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lan\u0131r: \u00c7inliler, Rumlar, \u00c7ingeneler, Yahudiler, Bulgarlar, S\u0131rplar\u2026 Ats\u0131z, \u00f6tekini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k varl\u0131klar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrken T\u00fcrkler \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta dahi \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir. \u0130laveten, T\u00fcrklerin dindar oldu\u011funu vurgulamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen as\u0131l \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc son tahlilde \u0131rka y\u00fckler.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131k Bu\u011fra da paralel bir \u00e7izgide ilerler. Ona g\u00f6re T\u00fcrklere tarihsel bir misyon y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir ve \u00f6teki bunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki engeldir. \u00d6teki gaddar ama korkakt\u0131r. \u00dcstelik cinsel a\u00e7\u0131dan da yetersiz g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu\u011fra metinlerinde Rum kad\u0131nlar ister evli ister bek\u00e2r olsun soyundan gelen ulusal misyona sahip y\u00fcce erdemli T\u00fcrk erkeklerine \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olurlar.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u00e7i ulus\u00e7u ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131\/dinsel e\u011filimden farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse Mavi Anadolucu Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u2019na bak\u0131labilir. Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, genel anlamda T\u00fcrk ve Rum denizcilerin dostlu\u011funu vurgulayan, yine genel anlamda insanc\u0131l metinler kaleme alan bir yazar olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n nedendir bilinmez 1960\u2019larda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki roman\u0131 Ulu\u00e7 Reis ve Turgut Reis ile birlikte \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7izgiye kayar. Bu romanlarda Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, gayrim\u00fcslim kad\u0131nlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk korsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tecav\u00fcze u\u011framay\u0131 d\u00f6rt g\u00f6zle beklediklerini yazacak kadar ileri gider.(2)<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcphesiz, bu denli uzun bir konuyu etrafl\u0131ca irdelemek bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n boyutunu a\u015far. Ancak T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1910\u2019lardan itibaren g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fakat ulus-devletin in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinden itibaren bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin \u00f6tekinin antitezi olarak kuruldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 eserlerde zenofobi baz\u0131 eserlerde \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u015feklinde bi\u00e7imlenen \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman da gayrim\u00fcslim kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bedeni \u00fczerinden peki\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Beyo\u011flu\u2019nun \u201cfahi\u015fe yuvas\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi yahut gayrim\u00fcslim kad\u0131nlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk kahramanlara kar\u015f\u0131 duyduklar\u0131 duygusal ve cinsel ilgi u\u00e7 noktalara (!) varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasi-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel izle\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Zira t\u00fcm bu metinler arka planda siyasi bir ideali bar\u0131nd\u0131ran kapsaml\u0131 bir devlet projesinin yans\u0131malar\u0131d\u0131r.(3)<\/p>\n

\n

Gazete Duvar<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edebiyat \u201cmillet olmay\u0131\u201d yans\u0131tan \u201chayali bir aynad\u0131r.\u201d Bu ayna, topluma milli birli\u011fe mensup olma deneyimini ya\u015fat\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilen edebi eserlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu edebiyat kanonu milli kimli\u011fi temsil eder\u2026 Metin Yetkin DUVAR \u2013 T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1910\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren ba\u015flasa da zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dozu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda birtak\u0131m antropolojik verilerle T\u00fcrklerin d\u00fcnya medeniyetinin kurucular\u0131 olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":68967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Edebiyat \u201cmillet olmay\u0131\u201d yans\u0131tan \u201chayali bir aynad\u0131r.\u201d Bu ayna, topluma milli birli\u011fe mensup olma deneyimini ya\u015fat\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilen edebi eserlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu edebiyat kanonu milli kimli\u011fi temsil eder\u2026 Metin Yetkin DUVAR \u2013 T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1910\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren ba\u015flasa da zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dozu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda birtak\u0131m antropolojik verilerle T\u00fcrklerin d\u00fcnya medeniyetinin kurucular\u0131 olarak […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-10T08:50:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1368\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"911\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966\",\"name\":\"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-10T08:50:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg\",\"width\":1368,\"height\":911},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Edebiyat \u201cmillet olmay\u0131\u201d yans\u0131tan \u201chayali bir aynad\u0131r.\u201d Bu ayna, topluma milli birli\u011fe mensup olma deneyimini ya\u015fat\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilen edebi eserlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu edebiyat kanonu milli kimli\u011fi temsil eder\u2026 Metin Yetkin DUVAR \u2013 T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1910\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren ba\u015flasa da zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dozu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda birtak\u0131m antropolojik verilerle T\u00fcrklerin d\u00fcnya medeniyetinin kurucular\u0131 olarak […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2022-06-10T08:50:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1368,"height":911,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966","name":"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg","datePublished":"2022-06-10T08:50:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Turkiyede-azinliklar.jpg","width":1368,"height":911},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=68966#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=68966"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68968,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68966\/revisions\/68968"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/68967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=68966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=68966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=68966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}