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24 Nisan 1915\u2019te s\u00fcrg\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Ermeni ayd\u0131nlardan Yervant Odyan\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6nemi kendi tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131 \u201cLanetli Y\u0131llar\u201d Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k ve Kor Kitap\u2019\u0131n ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131. Kitab\u0131 Sirvart Malhasyan ve Kevork Ta\u015fk\u0131ran \u00f6zg\u00fcn dili olan Ermenice\u2019den T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evirdi.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Yazar ve yay\u0131nc\u0131 Yervant Odyan May\u0131s 1915\u2019te tutuklan\u0131p Suriye i\u00e7lerine, Dair Ez-Zor\u2019a (Der Zor) tehcir edilmi\u015f, a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda mucize eseri sa\u011f kalm\u0131\u015f. \u0130stanbul\u2019a 1918\u2019de geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Odyan, \u0130stanbul\u2019u 1922\u2019de terk edip \u00f6nce B\u00fckre\u015f\u2019e 1925\u2019te Kahire\u2019ye ge\u00e7ti. 3 Ekim 1926\u2019da kanserden \u00f6ld\u00fc ve Kahire\u2019deki Marmina Ermeni Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k tan\u0131t\u0131m metninde Odyan\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle sunuyor:<\/p>\n \u201c1915\u2019te Ermenilerin Halep, Musul ve Der Zor\u2019a \u201czorunlu\u201d s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve \u201cTehcir Kanunu\u201d olarak bilinen ge\u00e7ici kanun, esas olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir halk kitlesinin imha karar\u0131yd\u0131. Halk\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi Ermeni entelekt\u00fceller i\u00e7in de bu d\u00f6nem, tehcirin ilk g\u00fcnlerinden ba\u015flayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ve pek\u00e7oklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc getirdi.<\/p>\n Bu insanlar\u0131n sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6llerden sa\u011f kurtulabildi. Ermenicenin Hagop Baronyan\u2019la birlikte en \u00fcnl\u00fc hiciv yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olarak tan\u0131nan Yervant Odyan da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn so\u011fuk y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcp sa\u011fkalanlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u0130stanbullu bir yazar, yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve gazeteci olan Odyan, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n t\u00fcrl\u00fc a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat, hem de \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l gibi uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca, t\u00fcm \u015fiddetiyle deneyimlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 1919\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra tefrika halinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Lanetli Y\u0131llar\u2019, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na ve imha politikalar\u0131na birebir tan\u0131k olmu\u015f bir yazar\u0131n, yal\u0131n, \u00e7\u0131plak anlat\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn zulm\u00fcn\u00fc Odyan\u2019\u0131n kendine has \u00fcslubu ve bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla yans\u0131tan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, sunu\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Krikor Beledian\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere soyk\u0131r\u0131m hat\u0131rat\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir \u015fiddet sarmal\u0131n\u0131n ve katliamlar\u0131n karanl\u0131k g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcrl\u00fc y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcme direnmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f resmi g\u00f6revlilerin ve resmi kurumlar\u0131n tutumlar\u0131n\u0131, nihayetinde b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle \u015fiddet ve katliam mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n Yervant Odyan kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1869\u2019da \u0130stanbul, Yenik\u00f6y\u2019de do\u011fdu. On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda, Kayseri\u2019nin Muncusun k\u00f6y\u00fcnden gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelip K. Balyan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda saray mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dek y\u00fckselen Bo\u011fos Odyan\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131p \u00fcnlenen bir aileye mensuptu. Ermeni Milleti Nizamnamesi (1863) olarak bilinen Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki ilk anayasa \u00f6rne\u011finin haz\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan Kirkor Odyan\u2019\u0131n (1834\u20131887) ye\u011feniydi.<\/p>\n Amcas\u0131 Krikor Odyan\u2019la birlikte 1879\u2019da Paris\u2019e gitti. 1882\u2019de babas\u0131n\u0131n konsolosluk g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Romanya\u2019n\u0131n Circova \u015fehrinde bulundu.<\/p>\n 1884\u2019de \u0130stanbul \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019daki Berberyan Ermeni okulu\u2019na girerek bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l kadar okudu. Okul s\u0131ralar\u0131ndayken Vararan [Soba] adl\u0131 elyaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci gazetesini y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n \u00d6\u011frenimini evde, amcas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki, d\u00f6nemin \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 derslerle, sanat ve edebiyat yo\u011fun bir ortamda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Zengin aile k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ermenice ve Frans\u0131zca eseri okuyarak yeti\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul Ermeni bas\u0131n\u0131nda ilk yaz\u0131 ve \u00e7evirileri 1887\u2019de yay\u0131nland\u0131. Arevelk [Do\u011fu] ve Manzume-i Efkar\u2019da 1890\u2019da yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131. Yazar Arpiar Arpiaryan\u2019\u0131n daveti \u00fczerine Arevelk\u2019in yard\u0131mc\u0131 edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 1892\u2019de \u00fcstlendi ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, tefrika \u00f6yk\u00fc ve romanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc (d\u00f6rt y\u0131l). 1894\u2019de Hayrenik [Vatan] gazetesine yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1896\u2019da Arevelk\u2019in edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlendi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n A\u011fustos\u2019unda, Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 i\u015fgali ertesinde Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019u terk edip Yunanistan\u2019a ge\u00e7ti, Atina\u2019da Miutyun [Birlik] adl\u0131 dergiyi y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n 1899\u2019da Paris\u2019te Azad Khosk [\u00d6zg\u00fcr S\u00f6z] adl\u0131 ayl\u0131k dergiyi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, Nor Tar [Yeni As\u0131r] ve Anahit\u2019e yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. Birka\u00e7 ay Londra\u2019da Arpiaryan\u2019\u0131n Nor Gyank [Yeni Hayat] gazetesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130skenderiye\u2019de 1902\u2019de Azad Khosk\u2019u yeniden, 1903\u2019te ise Azad Pem [Serbest K\u00fcrs\u00fc] adl\u0131 mizah dergisini (d\u00f6rt y\u0131l) yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n 1903\u2019te Hindistan Bombay\u2019e gitti. 1904\u2019te ise \u0130skenderiye\u2019ye geri geldi, haftal\u0131k ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck birka\u00e7 gazete yay\u0131n\u0131 giri\u015fiminde bulundu. Kahire\u2019de 1907\u2019de Arev [G\u00fcne\u015f] adl\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck mizah gazetesini kurdu.<\/p>\n \u015eubat 1909\u2019da, II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in (1908) getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu serbest ortam \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. P\u00fczantion [Bizans], Jamanak [Vakit] ve Azadamard [\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Kavgas\u0131] gazetelerine yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. \u201cInger Pan\u00e7uni\u201d [Yolda\u015f Pan\u00e7uni] diye bilinen eseri, P\u00fczantion\u2019da \u201cArakelutyun m\u0131 i Dzab\u0131lvar\u201d [Dzab\u0131lvar Misyonu] ad\u0131yla tefrika edildi. Garapnad [Giyotin] adl\u0131 mizah dergisini 1910\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131. P\u00fczantion\u2019da tefrika edilen eseri bu kez \u201cArakelutyun m\u0131 i Dzab\u0131lvar, Ingervaragan Namagani Inger P. Pan\u00e7unie\u201d [Dzab\u0131lvar misyonu, Yolda\u015f Pan\u00e7uni\u2019den sosyalist mektuplar] ad\u0131yla, N\u0131\u015fan Babigyan yay\u0131nevi ve matbaas\u0131nca 1911\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da kitap olarak bas\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n 1912\u2019de Sev Gadu [Kara Kedi] adl\u0131 mizah dergisini yay\u0131nlad\u0131 (iki y\u0131l), Manana [Kudret Helvas\u0131] adl\u0131 mizah dergisini ise 1913\u2019de yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130\u015fte benim \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk senelik s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hik\u00e2yem. Okuyanlar bu hik\u00e2yeyi \u00e7ok basit bir tarzda, hatta edebi olarak neredeyse i\u015flenmemi\u015f bir \u00fcslupla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 tabii ki fark etmi\u015flerdir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce ger\u00e7e\u011fi hik\u00e2ye etmeyi, hi\u00e7bir do\u011fruyu sapt\u0131rmamay\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir olay\u0131 abartmamay\u0131 istedim.<\/p>\n Ancak ger\u00e7ek o kadar korkun\u00e7tu ki baz\u0131lar\u0131 yazd\u0131klar\u0131mda abart\u0131lar oldu\u011funu sand\u0131. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn eziyetini \u00e7ekip sa\u011f kalabilenlerse ger\u00e7e\u011fi asla abartmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 bilirler.<\/p>\n \u015eunu da s\u00f6ylemeliyim ki, ba\u015f\u0131mdan ge\u00e7en t\u00fcrl\u00fc belaya ra\u011fmen en \u015fansl\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerden biri oldum. Di\u011ferleri, kad\u0131n\u0131yla erke\u011fiyle, benden \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok daha fazla eziyet ve \u0131st\u0131rap \u00e7ektiler.<\/p>\n Ac\u0131n\u0131n ve sefaletin en u\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6renler kalabal\u0131k ailelerdi. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n veya anne babalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0131ss\u0131z yollarda k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya g\u00f6zlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, \u00e7ad\u0131rlar alt\u0131nda tecav\u00fcze u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haydutlar\u0131n talan\u0131n\u0131, polislerin soygununu, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131, susuzlu\u011fu, eziyetin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fekillerini g\u00f6rd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n Ben tek ba\u015f\u0131mayd\u0131m, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmem gereken sadece kendimdim. Yan\u0131mda soygundan korkmama sebep olacak veya polislerin i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabartacak ne e\u015fyam ne de param vard\u0131. Aksine, her zaman her yerde tan\u0131d\u0131k tan\u0131mad\u0131k birileri ad\u0131m\u0131 duyunca beni buyur etmeye ko\u015fuyor ve elinden gelen yard\u0131m\u0131 esirgemiyordu.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7 senelik s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcm, otuz senelik edebi faaliyetimin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. (Arka Kapak\u2019tan)\u201d<\/p>\n (Yervant Odyan\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131 ve eserleri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca bkz:\u00a0Ac\u0131n\u0131n ve mizah\u0131n yazar\u0131 Yervant Odyan 150 ya\u015f\u0131nda<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n
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