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Mardin\u2019in Midyat il\u00e7esinde i\u00e7inde ibadethane, silo, su kuyular\u0131 bulunan ve dehlizlerle ge\u00e7i\u015flerin oldu\u011fu yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrinde milattan sonra 2. ve 3. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait \u00e7ok say\u0131da eser ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Halil \u0130brahim Sincar, Selahattin Erol\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle adeta a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi konumundaki Midyat, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k ta\u015f evleri, hanlar\u0131, camileri, kiliseleri ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131 ile ziyaret\u00e7ilere b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc bir atmosfer sunuyor.<\/p>\n \u0130l\u00e7ede, 2 y\u0131l \u00f6nce tarihi sokak ve evlerde ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda bulunan ve temizlik yap\u0131lan ma\u011faran\u0131n tek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, dehlizlerle farkl\u0131 mekanlara ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi \u00fczerine yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak amac\u0131yla kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve M\u00fczeler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Mardin M\u00fczesi ve Midyat Belediyesi i\u015f birli\u011fiyle ibadethane, silo, su kuyular\u0131 bulunan ve dehlizlerle ge\u00e7i\u015flerin oldu\u011fu \u201cMatiate\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrinde milattan sonra 2. ve 3. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait \u00e7ok say\u0131da eser ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130l\u00e7ede, Ulu Cami Mahallesinde 2 noktada kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrini AA g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcledi.<\/p>\n Yer alt\u0131 \u015fehri k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m turizme a\u00e7\u0131lacak<\/strong> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hummal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde devam etti\u011fini kaydeden \u015eahin, antik ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a ait yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrinin b\u00f6lgenin parlayan y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Midyat\u2019\u0131 ta\u00e7land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n Yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131ktan sonra y\u0131ll\u0131k 2 milyon olan turist say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 4 milyona \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 beklediklerine dikkati \u00e7eken \u015eahin, yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrinin lokal bir b\u00f6lgede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, il\u00e7enin alt\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 yap\u0131larla donand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n \u015eahin, 1. ve 2. etab\u0131 bitirdikten sonra di\u011fer etaplarda da kaz\u0131ya ba\u015flayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek, kaz\u0131 bitirilince yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrini k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m turizme a\u00e7may\u0131 planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bunun Midyat i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir turizm destinasyonu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00fcnelden farkl\u0131 mekanlara ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131k, 49 oda bulundu\u201d<\/strong> Ma\u011farada belediyenin talebi \u00fczerine niteli\u011finin ve devam\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temizlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden Tarkan, \u201cEvin alt\u0131nda tek bir parselde ba\u015flad\u0131k. Ma\u011faran\u0131n tek bir ma\u011fara olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Dehlizlerle farkl\u0131 evlere, farkl\u0131 evlerin alt\u0131ndaki ma\u011faralardan t\u00fcnellerle ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahit olduk. O tarihten sonra 2 noktada kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131k.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Yak\u0131n bir d\u00f6neme kadar ah\u0131r veya kiler olarak kullan\u0131lan 3 odal\u0131 bir ma\u011farada ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n devasa bir yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrine do\u011fru yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Tarkan, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130ki noktada ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara. \u0130lk alan 3 odal\u0131 bir ma\u011farayd\u0131. Oradan kuzey tarafa a\u00e7\u0131lan bir t\u00fcnel vard\u0131. T\u00fcnelin uzunlu\u011fu \u015fu an 100 metre. O t\u00fcnelden farkl\u0131 mekanlara ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131k. 49 oda bulundu. Kilise, sinagog gibi. Birka\u00e7\u0131 ibadethane olabilir. Bu mekanlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde silolar, su kuyular\u0131 var. Duvarlarda baz\u0131 bezemeler g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Tarihi eserler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor bu mekanlardan. \u015eimdiye kadar en erken buluntu, milattan sonra 2. ve 3. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihleniyor. Bu da bize Ge\u00e7 Roma d\u00f6nemine ait bir yerde kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d<\/p>\n Kaz\u0131 il\u00e7enin tamam\u0131na yay\u0131lacak<\/strong> \u201c\u015eu anda yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc kazd\u0131k ve temizledik. Y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda il\u00e7enin tamam\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettik.\u201d ifadelerini kullanan Tarkan, bu mekanlar\u0131n hepsinin dehlizlerle birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n \u201cD\u00fcnyada ses getirecek bir yer alt\u0131 \u015fehri olacak\u201d<\/strong> \u201cYer alt\u0131 \u015fehri 1900 y\u0131ld\u0131r kesintisiz kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130lk yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 saklanma veya ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Hristiyanl\u0131k 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda resmi din de\u011fil. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden aileler, gruplar Roma\u2019n\u0131n zulm\u00fcnden ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yer alt\u0131ndaki \u015fehirlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131yorlar ya da yer alt\u0131 \u015fehri olu\u015fturuyorlar. Muhtemelen Midyat yer alt\u0131 \u015fehri de bu ama\u00e7la yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131ndand\u0131. Sadece s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak de\u011fil, yer alt\u0131nda en az 60-70 bin insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu tahmin etti\u011fimiz bir alan.\u201d<\/p>\n Nev\u015fehir ve Kayseri\u2019de bulunan yer alt\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde toprak \u00fczerinde bir ya\u015fam\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Tarkan, Midyat\u2019ta farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrinin \u00fczerindeki yap\u0131lar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n tescilli oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n Tarkan, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n \u201cAlt\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir tarih yat\u0131yor, farkl\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem var, \u00fcst\u00fc ise farkl\u0131 bir tarih. \u00dcsteki evler 17\u2019nci, 18 ve 19\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihleniyorken alt\u0131nda bamba\u015fka bir \u015fehir var. O \u015fehir ise 1900 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u015fehir. Tamam\u0131 kaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten d\u00fcnyada ses getirecek bir yer alt\u0131 \u015fehri olacak. Kaz\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z alanlar\u0131n benzer \u00f6rnekleri Fransa ve \u0130talya b\u00f6lgesinde var ancak \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlarda. Bu kadar geni\u015f alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fehir yok. Midyat yer alt\u0131 \u015fehri kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tek olacak.\u201d<\/p>\n
\nMidyat Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Veysi \u015eahin, AA muhabirine, diller ve dinler kenti Midyat\u2019ta yer alt\u0131 \u015fehrini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\nMardin M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve Kaz\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Gani Tarkan da il\u00e7enin tarihi Estel b\u00f6lgesinde Midyat Belediyesince tarihi sokak ve evlerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar kapsam\u0131na bir ma\u011fara tespit edildi\u011fini an\u0131msatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\u0130ki alanda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n Midyat\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131na yay\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken Tarkan, daha sonra il\u00e7eye ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7evre k\u00f6ylerde de benzer kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nYer alt\u0131 \u015fehirlerinin benzer \u00f6rneklerinin Anadolu\u2019da bulundu\u011funu ancak Midyat\u2019\u0131n bunlardan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktaran Tarkan, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n