![\"\"](\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Harvard-360x203.jpg\")
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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de az\u0131nl\u0131k cemaatlerine ait vak\u0131f ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla ilgili anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda kaydedilen ilerlemeler ABD\u2019deki Harvard \u00dcniversitesinde yap\u0131lan panelde anlat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00fccahit Oktay\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n vak\u0131f m\u00fclkiyetleri konusunda uzman avukat \u00d6mer Kantik, Massachusetts\u2019te bulunan Harvard \u00dcniversitesinde davet \u00fczerine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 panelde, Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) Uyum Yasalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra gayrim\u00fcslim cemaatlere ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n iadesi konusunda \u201chi\u00e7bir zaman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u201d ilerleme kaydedildi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n 6 A\u011fustos 1924\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 38-44. maddelerinde az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u201cher t\u00fcrl\u00fc hayri, dini ve sosyal kurumlar\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc okul ve di\u011fer e\u011fitim ve yeti\u015ftirme kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kurma, y\u00f6netme ve denetleme\u201d hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Kantik, \u00f6zellikle 1936\u2019da uygulamalarda ba\u015flayan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n 2002\u2019ye kadar bir\u00e7ok ihlale sebep oldu\u011funa de\u011findi.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 77 Rum, 54 Ermeni, 19 Musevi, 10 S\u00fcryani, 3 Keldani, 2 Bulgar, 1 G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve 1 Maruni olmak \u00fczere toplam 167 az\u0131nl\u0131k vakf\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bilgisini payla\u015fan Kantik, bu vak\u0131flar\u0131n t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin ilk defa Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde 1912\u2019de bir kanunla g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak daha sonraki y\u0131llarda kanunun yorumlan\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131yla ilgili sorunlar\u0131n y\u00fcz y\u0131la yak\u0131n devam etti\u011fini bildirdi.<\/p>\n Avukat \u00d6mer Kantik sunumunun devam\u0131nda, 1974 tarihli Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu karar\u0131 sonras\u0131 cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131nca 1936-1974 aras\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f, vasiyet ve sat\u0131n alma yoluyla edinilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tekrar eski maliklerine iade edildi\u011fini, bu mallar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ise Hazine, Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n Kantik, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de az\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla ilgili, uzun y\u0131llar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 2003\u2019ten sonra, AB Uyum Yasalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak iadeye y\u00f6nelik ilk defa olumlu bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n benimsendi\u011fine i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n Hukuk uzman\u0131, \u201c2002 ve sonras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle 1924\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ilk kez uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olup, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde az\u0131nl\u0131klar i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir a\u015famad\u0131r.\u201d s\u00f6zlerine yer verdi.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten sona iyile\u015ftirmelerin h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken Kantik, 2008\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5737 say\u0131l\u0131 Vak\u0131flar Kanunu\u2019nun Ge\u00e7ici 7. Maddesi ile ayn\u0131 kanuna 2011\u2019de eklenen 11. Madde ve 2018\u2019deki 13. Madde sayesinde, cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n 1936 beyannamesinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla sonradan edinilen ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara ge\u00e7en ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin m\u00fclkiyet sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n \u201cYukar\u0131da belirtilen d\u00fczenlemelerle 2003-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda toplam 1084 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline, 21 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n da bedelinin \u00f6denmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.\u201d diyen \u00d6mer Kantik, bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n \u201ckanun koyucular\u0131n iyi niyetinin\u201d g\u00f6stergesi oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n Kantik, Cambridge\u2019deki \u00fcniversite kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde Harvard Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesinin eski Dekan\u0131 Prof. Martha Minow\u2019un moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen panelde, geli\u015fmelerin bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u015fah\u0131s az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetleri konusundaki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 da iade veya \u00f6deme yoluyla telafi etme yoluna gitti\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n Prof. Minow\u2019un bir sorusu \u00fczerine Kantik, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinin (A\u0130HM) bu konuda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u201cbask\u0131\u201d de\u011fil \u201cyol g\u00f6sterici\u201d olarak nitelemenin do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n Kendisi de T\u00fcrkiye Ermeni Cemaatinin bir mensubu olan Kantik s\u00f6zlerini, \u201c2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan bu yana geli\u015fen s\u00fcrecin her seferinde daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n bize gelecek ad\u0131na daha fazla umut verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Bu umudu payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in buraday\u0131z. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan olumsuzluklar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum ve kanunlarla g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan bu haklar\u0131n geri al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sanm\u0131yorum.\u201d diyerek tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00d6mer Kantik\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Harvard mezunu avukat Destina Kantik de ayn\u0131 konuyla ilgili \u0130ngilizce sunumuyla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin az\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla ilgili demokratik ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm odakl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Harvard Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencilerine ve salonda bulunan Ermeni vatanda\u015flara aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/a54ea27f-6036-4f79-88c6-6bc9ba19a35d\/08_Nisan%2F30_Nisan%2F25%2FAA-27486626.jpg?ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\u0130yile\u015ftirmeler 2003\u2019te ba\u015flad\u0131<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/a54ea27f-6036-4f79-88c6-6bc9ba19a35d\/08_Nisan%2F30_Nisan%2F25%2FAA-27486627.jpg?ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\u201cKanun koyucular iyi niyetli\u201d<\/h3>\n