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Ferda Balancar<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130zmir merkezli Bir Arada Ya\u015far\u0131z E\u011fitim ve Toplumsal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (BAYETAV) \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Bir Arada Ya\u015far\u0131z Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131. Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sosyolog ve BAYETAV Genel Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Prof. Dr. Ferhat Kentel\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc KONDA ve SAM Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015eirketi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n \u2018Bir Arada Ya\u015far\u0131z\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma, nicel ve nitel veri toplama teknikleri kullan\u0131larak iki koldan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n nicel verileri KONDA Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan 8-11 Temmuz 2021 tarihlerinde, 12 b\u00f6lgede, 67 ilin merkez dahil 286 il\u00e7esinde 2132 ki\u015fiyle telefonla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131larak topland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n nitel verileri ise 16 Haziran \u2013 31 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri aras\u0131nda SAM Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da 62 derinlemesine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, \u0130stanbul, Ankara, \u0130zmir, Mersin, Kayseri, Erzurum ve Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da toplam 12 odak grup toplant\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131larak haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n \u2018Tarihle y\u00fczle\u015fmek\u2019<\/strong> \u2018Do\u011fayla y\u00fczle\u015fmek\u2019<\/strong> Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n Kutupla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 siyasal atmosfere ra\u011fmen, farkl\u0131 bireylerin ve toplumsal gruplar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve \u00e7abalar\u0131 bir arada ya\u015faman\u0131n hem elzem hem de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, farkl\u0131 d\u0131\u015favurumlarla kendilerini ifade ediyorlar. Ama hi\u00e7biri tek bir \u015fey de\u011fil; sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri etnik ya da dinsel kimlikler bile tek bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Her bir etnik ya da dinsel kimlik gibi kendileri de ayr\u0131ca bir \u201ckesi\u015fim\u201d halini yans\u0131t\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar melezdir ve i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015flerden olu\u015fan varl\u0131klard\u0131r. Varolu\u015fuyla \u00e7o\u011ful ve \u00e7e\u015fitli olan insan\u0131n birden \u00e7ok tarafa dokunmas\u0131 bir arada ya\u015fama potansiyeline \u00e7ok daha uygun bir hal gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \u201cBir arada ya\u015fama\u201d fikrini en \u00e7ok i\u00e7selle\u015ftirenlerin tecr\u00fcbesinde ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla \u201ckar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak\u201d var. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n derdini tan\u0131may\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kutupla\u015fma hem toplum i\u00e7i dinamiklere hem de devlet politikalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fiyorsa, bir arada ya\u015faman\u0131n sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 yer ikiye ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulu\u015ftu\u011fu yerlerdir.<\/p>\n S\u0131n\u0131f vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bireyler i\u00e7ine kapanan geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimliklerin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kabiliyorlar. Bu y\u00fczden, s\u0131n\u0131f kimli\u011fi kutupla\u015fmay\u0131 a\u015fman\u0131n, bir arada ya\u015faman\u0131n en az\u0131ndan bir imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n en \u00e7ok m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu alanlardan bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 da cinsiyet ya da toplumsal cinsiyet. \u00d6zellikle kad\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 \u201ckategorileri\u201d de toplumdaki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi en \u00e7ok hat\u0131rlatan gruplar.<\/p>\n Do\u011fay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, insan\u0131n bencilli\u011fini, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00fczerine hegemonya ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kurma arzular\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p, insan\u0131 tevazuya \u00e7ekmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bu sayede toplumun ve do\u011fan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcnsellik\u201d i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm siyasi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cBir arada ya\u015fama\u201d dilini g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131lan kutupla\u015fma dinamiklerini a\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle siyaseten konu\u015fma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n serbestle\u015fmesi gerekiyor. Buna dair ad\u0131mlar\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lmas\u0131 ama ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal akt\u00f6rlerin ve sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermeleri gerekiyor.<\/p>\n \u201cBir arada ya\u015fama kapasitemiz nedir?\u201d sorusuna nicelik olarak cevap vermek istersek, \u201cAlmanya\u2019da T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e anadil hakk\u0131\u201d ve \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de K\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in K\u00fcrt\u00e7e anadil hakk\u0131\u201d \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z de\u011ferlendirmeyi kullanabiliriz. Her iki durumda anadilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 y\u00fczde 47. Bu kesim, toplumun farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla birlikte, bir arada ya\u015fama arzusunu ve kapasitesini ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Almanya\u2019da T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n anadil hakk\u0131n\u0131 kabul edip, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de K\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n anadilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131 reddeden kesim: y\u00fczde 16.<\/p>\n Bu kesim, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedirginlik ve kutupla\u015fman\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar e\u015fli\u011finde, kendilerinden ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla bir arada ya\u015famaya dair \u00f6zel bir arzu ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Bu gruplardan ba\u015fka her iki \u00fclkede de az\u0131nl\u0131kta olan n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in \u201ctutarl\u0131\u201d bir \u015fekilde anadil e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131 reddedenler (y\u00fczde 12); her iki \u00f6nermenin de do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar veremeyenler (y\u00fczde 10) ve di\u011ferleri (bir \u00f6nermeyi \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d, di\u011fer \u00f6nermeyi \u201cne do\u011fru ne yanl\u0131\u015f\u201d g\u00f6renler) var.<\/p>\n Bir arada ya\u015faman\u0131n anlam\u0131 insanlar\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k birlikteli\u011finde yat\u0131yor\u2026 Birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 \u015feyler anlatsalar da ya da her zaman ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri anlatmasalar da kendilerini ele\u015ftiren Kemalistler, ya da dindarlar, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Aleviler, K\u00fcrtler ya da T\u00fcrkler, AK Partililer ya da MHP\u2019liler\u2026 Her zaman ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc dile getirmeseler de en nihayetinde bir arada ya\u015fam\u0131n farkl\u0131 seslerini sergiliyorlar.<\/p>\n
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara sahip alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi \u2018Y\u00fczle\u015fme\u2019. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 76\u2019s\u0131 \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015fte herkes ac\u0131lar ya\u015fad\u0131, bunlar\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7man\u0131n kimseye faydas\u0131 yoktur\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu \u00f6nermeye kat\u0131lanlar K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda y\u00fczde 64\u2019e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 71\u2019i ise \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015fte kalan ac\u0131lar bug\u00fcnk\u00fc huzursuzlu\u011fumuzun en \u00f6nemli sebebidir\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00fcrtlerde bu oran y\u00fczde 79\u2019a \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u201cToplumsal huzur i\u00e7in okulda farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n tarihlerinin \u00f6\u011fretilmesi faydal\u0131 olur\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 72.<\/p>\n
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u2018Do\u011fayla Y\u00fczle\u015fmek\u2019 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer alan veriler ise \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n toplumun g\u00fcndeminin \u00f6n s\u0131ralar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 91\u2019i \u201cSiyasi kavgalar\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131p, soludu\u011fumuz hava, i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz su ortak meselemiz olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne onay veriyor. \u201cBaraj veya yol yapmak i\u00e7in gerekiyorsa ormanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 feda edilebilir\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fczde 71 yanl\u0131\u015f buluyor.<\/p>\n
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