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\u015eeyh Said\u2019in o\u011flu Ali R\u0131za Efendi, 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda tedavi i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019ya gelir. Ye\u011feni ve damad\u0131 Abd\u00fclmelik F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n evinde, o\u011flu Fuat F\u0131rat ve gazeteci Do\u011fan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile aile ortam\u0131nda, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, uzun bir sohbet yapar. Sohbet kayda al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00dczerinden 55 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten konu\u015fmalar belli ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131r ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yorumsuz bir \u015fekilde bas\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Vahap Co\u015fkun<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eeyh Said\u2019in o\u011flu \u015eeyh Ali R\u0131za Efendi, 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum-H\u0131n\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Kolhisar k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011far. Babas\u0131n\u0131n ve H\u0131n\u0131s M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc olan amcas\u0131 \u015eeyh Bahaeddin\u2019in rahle-i tedrisinden ge\u00e7er. 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda ilim icazeti al\u0131r. \u015eeyh Said Hareketi patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r; hem siyasi hem de askeri olarak babas\u0131n\u0131n en yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki isimlerden biridir. Babas\u0131 ad\u0131na K\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti\u2019nin lideri Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, harek\u00e2t esnas\u0131nda Malazgirt Cephe Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenir. Siyasi ve askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezi rolden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u015eeyh Said\u2019in bacana\u011f\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt \u0130stiklal ve \u0130stihsal Cemiyeti\u2019nin (Azad\u00ee) lideri Cibranl\u0131 Halit Bey\u2019in eni\u015ftesi olan ve \u015eeyh Said\u2019i askerlere teslim eden Binba\u015f\u0131 Kas\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan \u201charek\u00e2t\u0131n as\u0131l beyni\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130syan bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ali R\u0131za Efendi 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6nce \u0130ran\u2019a, ard\u0131ndan Irak\u2019a ge\u00e7er. Her iki \u00fclkede Seyyid Taha, \u015eeyh Mahmut Berzenci ve Simko gibi K\u00fcrt siyasetinin \u00f6nde gelen isimleriyle temasa ge\u00e7er. Hoybun Cemiyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r, sonradan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle cemiyetle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 keser. 1928\u2019de \u201c\u015eeyh Said Vakas\u0131 Aff\u0131\u201d ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geri d\u00f6ner. 1935\u2019te ailesiyle birlikte K\u0131rklareli-Sergen\u2019e ikinci kez s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Trakya\u2019da \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve ye\u011fenlerini e\u011fitmeye ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat eder, cenazesi Kolhisar\u2019daki aile mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na defnedilir.<\/p>\n Ali R\u0131za Efendi, 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda tedavi i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019ya gelir. Ye\u011feni ve damad\u0131 Abd\u00fclmelik F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n evinde, o\u011flu Fuat F\u0131rat ve gazeteci Do\u011fan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile aile ortam\u0131nda, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, uzun bir sohbet yapar. Abd\u00fclmelik F\u0131rat, bu sohbeti d\u00f6rt adet AGFA makara banda kaydeder. Aile, bilhassa darbe d\u00f6nemlerinde ba\u015flar\u0131na bir hal gelmemesi i\u00e7in bu ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 saklar, \u00f6zenle muhafaza eder.<\/p>\n Kaydedilmelerinin \u00fczerinden 55 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra Abd\u00fclmelik F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n iki etnograf torunu D\u0131lhad F\u0131rat ve D\u0131l\u015fad F\u0131rat, bu ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kamuoyunun bilgisine sunmak \u00fczere me\u015fakkatli bir i\u015fe giri\u015firler. Evvela ihtimaml\u0131 bir teknik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131 dikkatlice \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenir, akabinde kayd\u0131n de\u015fifresi yap\u0131l\u0131r ve nihayetinde kay\u0131ttaki konu\u015fmalar belli ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131p yorumsuz bir \u015fekilde bas\u0131l\u0131r.*<\/p>\n \u201cBizi alakadar eden \u015fey, hilafet makam\u0131 idi\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Ali R\u0131za Efendi\u2019nin sohbeti belli bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde ilerlemez. Abd\u00fclmelik F\u0131rat, Fuat F\u0131rat ve Do\u011fan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, ak\u0131llar\u0131na gelen her suali ona y\u00f6neltirler, o da berrak bir zihinle onlara cevap verir. Sohbetin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u015eeyh Said Hadisesi olu\u015fturur. Ali R\u0131za Efendi, K\u00fcrtler ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli ba\u011f\u0131n \u201cdin\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtir. Farkl\u0131 zamanlarda \u0130ngilizlerin ve Ruslar\u0131n, K\u00fcrtleri T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya gayret g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ama K\u00fcrtlerin, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir anlam atfettikleri din ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bunlara y\u00fcz vermedi\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n \u201cDin, K\u00fcrtlerle Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131nda iyi bir anla\u015fma zemini olu\u015fturdu.\u201d (s. 13)<\/p>\n K\u00fcrtlerin, devletle b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcnasebetlerinin \u0130slamiyet \u00fczerinden kuruldu\u011funu, hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla K\u00fcrtlerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6rf ve adetlerinin la\u011fvedildi\u011fini ifade eder. Hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda \u0130ngilizlerin oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130ngilizlerin, hilafete son vermeleri halinde, Kemalistlere kendilerine kimsenin dokunmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair teminat verdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n \u201cVelhas\u0131l hilafeti ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 hanedan\u0131n\u0131n var olan her \u015feylerini ellerinden ald\u0131lar. Yurtlar\u0131ndan kovdular, yemek vermediler, bu bizi alakadar etmiyordu. Bizi alakadar eden \u015fey, hilafet makam\u0131 idi. Yoksa iki taraf da ayn\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d (s. 17)<\/p>\n \u201cBizim alakam\u0131z yok, geliniz ha geliniz!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Zamans\u0131z ve haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u015eeyh Said\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilme ihtimalinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu iddia eder. \u0130syan\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ise \u00fc\u00e7 nedene ba\u011flar: \u0130lki, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n rol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Adana-Halep-Mardin tren hatt\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetine b\u00f6lgeye a\u011f\u0131r top ve asker sevkiyat\u0131 yapma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131, \u015eeyh Said\u2019e a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe indirir. Son derece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 asker ve silah g\u00fcc\u00fcyle devletin kendilerine galebe \u00e7almas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nitekim isyan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede h\u0131zla ilerlediklerini ve kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdiklerini, b\u00f6lgedeki askerleri teslim ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ancak Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n yol vermesiyle ba\u015flayan sevkiyatla birlikte dengenin devlet lehine de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n \u0130kincisi, b\u00f6lgedeki a\u011fa ve \u015feyhlerin devlet lehine tav\u0131r koymas\u0131d\u0131r. Ali R\u0131za Efendi, isim isim hangi a\u011fan\u0131n, a\u015firetin ve \u015feyhin devlet taraf\u0131nda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kayda ge\u00e7irir. \u201cBu a\u011falardan \u015feyhlerden olmasa h\u00fck\u00fcmet cesaret edemezdi.\u201d \u015eeyhlerin ve a\u011falar\u0131n k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti b\u00f6lgeye getirmek i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir gayret sarf ettiklerini vurgular.<\/p>\n \u201cBunlar yazd\u0131lar h\u00fck\u00fcmete, bizim bir alakam\u0131z yok, geliniz ha geliniz! Yoksa h\u00fck\u00fcmet cesaret etmezdi.\u201d (s. 28)<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc de, Binba\u015f\u0131 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ihanetidir. Ali R\u0131za Efendi, Harbiye\u2019de e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok zeki bir adam oldu\u011funu teslim eder. Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u015eeyh Said\u2019i yakalay\u0131p teslim etmesinin harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n sonunu getirdi\u011fini vurgular. \u00d6nderlik eden ki\u015finin \u00e7ok m\u00fchim oldu\u011funu, onun yakalanmas\u0131yla umut ve diren\u00e7 noktalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n \u201cYani, \u015eeyh Efendi yakalanmasayd\u0131 harek\u00e2t yine ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.\u201d (s.33)<\/p>\n \u201cGidin meseleyi m\u00fczakere yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Ali R\u0131za Efendi, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal ile Ba\u015fbakan Ali Fethi\u2019nin meseleyi m\u00fczakere yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6zme taraftar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n \u201cA\u011falar, \u015feyhler tarafs\u0131z kalsalard\u0131, o bile yeterdi, tarafs\u0131z kalsalard\u0131 yine yeterdi. Telgraf vermeselerdi yine yeterdi. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Bedri Bey\u2019i bir de Mehmet Bey\u2019i, ka\u00e7 tane mebusu yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, gidin bu meseleyi m\u00fczakere yoluyla halledin demi\u015fti. Ali Fethi de ba\u015fvekildi, o da o fikirdeydi.\u201d (s.36)<\/p>\n \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir iddiad\u0131r bu; zira Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 ve Yakup Kadri gibi Mustafa Kemal\u2019in en yak\u0131n\u0131ndakilerinin tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n muhtevas\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ali Fethi\u2019nin sertlik yanl\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fczakereci bir kimlik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudur ama Mustafa Kemal i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u015fey s\u00f6ylenemez. Hatta Mustafa Kemal\u2019in isyan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda fazla yumu\u015fak buldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Ali Fethi\u2019yi g\u00f6revden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sert tedbirleri icra etmek \u00fczere ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funu \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc verdi\u011fi belirtilir.<\/p>\n \u201c100 panot i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle \u015feyler yapmay\u0131z\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130syan ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ali R\u0131za Efendi, \u0130ran\u2019a ge\u00e7er. O ve yan\u0131ndakiler \u0130ran\u2019da genel olarak iyi muamele g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer, ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren onlar\u0131 T\u00fcrklere vermeyeceklerini garanti ederler. Ancak \u0130ngilizler zorlay\u0131nca Ali R\u0131za Efendi Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n yolunu tutar.<\/p>\n O Irak\u2019ta iken K\u00fcrt siyaseti hareketlenmeye, yeni bir K\u00fcrt \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131zlanmaya ba\u015flar. 5 Ekim 1927\u2019de L\u00fcbnan\u2019da K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile Irak, Suriye ve \u0130ran\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Ta\u015fnak k\u00f6kenli Ermenilerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Hoybun (Xoyb\u00fbn) kurulur. Ali R\u0131za Efendi\u2019ye de davet gelir. Ancak Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n, Ermenilerin ve Celadet Ali Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n kendisini etkisizle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dillendirir.<\/p>\n Onunla Hoybun liderleri aras\u0131nda derin bir ayr\u0131\u015fma olur. Ali R\u0131za Efendi, Hoybun\u2019un alt\u0131 vilayetin (Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Sivas, Erzurum, Van ve Bitlis) Ermenilere verilmesini i\u00e7eren bir anla\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendisinin buna kesin bir dille kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n \u201cBensiz anla\u015fman\u0131z\u0131 yap\u0131n dedim. Sonra anla\u015fmay\u0131 getirdiler bana, dedim ki bu anla\u015fma ile olmaz. Biz bu anla\u015fma i\u00e7in kendimizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrtmeyiz siz de kazanamazs\u0131n\u0131z! 100 panot i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle \u015feyler yapmay\u0131z.\u201d (s. 59)<\/p>\n Hat\u0131rat fukaral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00f6rt saat s\u00fcren sohbet boyunca Ali R\u0131za Efendi, K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131nda \u015fahit olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Seyit R\u0131za\u2019dan Bedirhanilere, Simko\u2019dan Seyyid Taha\u2019ya, Cemilpa\u015fazadelerden Barzanilere kadar K\u00fcrt siyasi akt\u00f6rleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini ve an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Sohbetteki di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi merak ettikleri bir ki\u015fi veya olay\u0131n ad\u0131 an\u0131l\u0131nca hemen devreye girerek onunla ilgili soru sorarlar, Ali R\u0131za Efendi de bildiklerini pek bir yorum katmadan onlarla payla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Elbette Ali R\u0131za Efendi, tarihi kendi perspektifinden de\u011ferlendirir. Lakin bu, bu kayd\u0131n de\u011ferine herhangi bir halel getirmez. Zira Cumhuriyet tarihinin k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan \u015eeyh Said Harek\u00e2t\u0131nda birincil derecede rol alan \u015fah\u0131slara dair yeterince belge ve \u00f6zellikle hat\u0131rat yok. Ne yaz\u0131k ki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fukaral\u0131k var bu konuda.<\/p>\n Ku\u015fkusuz, Ali R\u0131za Efendi gibi 1925\u2019te merkezi bir konumu i\u015fgal eden ve harek\u00e2t\u0131n her merhalesinde bulunup hayati vazifeler \u00fcstlenen bir akt\u00f6r\u00fcn merce\u011fine muttali olunmas\u0131, hadiseye dair farkl\u0131 okumalara kap\u0131 aralar ve yorumlar\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n Umar\u0131m, \u015eeyh Said hadisesine ili\u015fkin fukaral\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltacak bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artar<\/p>\n