S\u00fcryani<\/a>\u00a0halk\u0131, bug\u00fcn hala Hakkari\u00a0halk\u0131n\u0131n zihninde ve dilinde ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\nBu iki karde\u015f halk, egemen g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgeye m\u00fcdahalesi ve halklar\u0131 birbirine k\u0131rd\u0131rma politikas\u0131, katliamlar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere neden oldu.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcryani halk\u0131n\u0131n sembol isimlerinden biri de Surma Han\u0131m olarak tan\u0131nan, Surma d Bayt Mar \u015eimon idi.<\/p>\n
Hakkari\u2019nin Konak (Ko\u00e7an\u0131z) k\u00f6y\u00fcnde\u00a027 Ocak 1883 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelen Surma Han\u0131m, t\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131 halk\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0m\u00fccadeleye adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1924 Hakkari s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcnden sonra 1933 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Irak\u2019ta ya\u015fayan Surma Han\u0131m, 1952\u2019ye kadar ailesiyle beraber K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta ya\u015fad\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ikametinin ard\u0131ndan Amerika\u2019ya yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Surma Han\u0131m 6 Aral\u0131k 1975\u2019te Kaliforniya\u2019da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\nSurma d Bayt Mar \u015eimon \/ Foto\u011fraf: Wikipedia<\/em><\/p>\nHakkari halk\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman Surma Han\u0131m\u00a0ve S\u00fcryani halk\u0131n\u0131 unutmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki halk\u0131n y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k karde\u015fli\u011fi ad\u0131na Hakkari\u2019de Surma Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131 ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Hakkari Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan 2013\u2019te yapt\u0131r\u0131lan bir parka, Asuri, S\u00fcryani halk\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n sembollerinden ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Patrik Mar \u015eimon\u2019un k\u0131z karde\u015fi olan Surma Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ismi verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\nAsuri S\u00fcryaniler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir tarihi karakter olan Surma Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi Hakkari\u2019deki \u201cSurma Xan\u0131m Park\u0131\u201d 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/em><\/p>\nHakkari Asurieri<\/strong><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1915-24 y\u0131llar\u0131na dek Nusaybin, Siirt ve Hakkari y\u00f6resinde \u00f6nemli bir Asuri (Nasturi) toplulu\u011fu vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
19\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na dek Hakkari n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Asuriler, 1843 ve 1846\u2019da Cizre Emiri Bedirhan Bey ile Hakkari Emiri Nurullah Bey\u2019in d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131larda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kay\u0131p verdiler.<\/p>\n
1915-18 d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan Hakkari Asurileri \u00f6nce \u0130ran\u2019da Urmiye y\u00f6resine ve daha sonra \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimine giren Irak\u2019a iltica ettiler.<\/p>\n
12-28 Eyl\u00fcl 1924 tarihleri aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u015eemdinli Harekat\u0131 ile s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildiler.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fanan katliamlar, bask\u0131lar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler nedeniyle bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Nasturi n\u00fcfusu yok denecek kadar azald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ancak Hakkari, Pervari, Eruh, \u015e\u0131rnak, Cizre ve Nusaybin dolaylar\u0131nda hemen her k\u00f6yde eski Nasturi kiliselerinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n
1552 y\u0131l\u0131nda kilise i\u00e7inde do\u011fan bir ihtilaftan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Diyarbak\u0131r Metropoliti VIII.\u00a0Mar Yohannan Papa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek Katolik mezhebine ba\u011flanmay\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n
Katolik olan Do\u011fu S\u00fcryanilerine Keldani ad\u0131 verildi. Keldani kilisesinin merkezi Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan Musul\u2019a ve daha sonra Ba\u011fdat\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Katolik mezhebini benimsemeyen Asuriler 1662\u2019de Katoliklerden ayr\u0131lan Diyarbak\u0131r metropoliti XIII Mar \u015eimun Denha \u00f6nderli\u011finde yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek Hakkari\u2019nin Kod\u015fanis\/Ko\u00e7anis (bug\u00fcn Konak) k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc patriklik merkezi olarak benimsediler.<\/p>\n
Nasturi patrikleri 1918 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bu k\u00f6yde ikamet ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Halk\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye adanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6m\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\nS\u00fcryani halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bedeller verdi\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemde Do\u011fu Asuri Kilisesi patrik ailesinin sekiz \u00e7ocu\u011fundan en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan Surma Han\u0131m, hayat\u0131n\u0131 erkek karde\u015flerine, patri\u011fe ve halk\u0131na adayarak evlenmeme s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi.<\/p>\n
1915 olaylar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgedeki Asuri-S\u00fcryani halk\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren t\u00fcm g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ve toplant\u0131larda yer ald\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 konferanslara kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e tabi tutulan halk\u0131n\u0131n durumunu iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etti.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan askeri, sosyal ve feodal ili\u015fkiler yeni g\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirirken, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeye da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Asuri-S\u00fcryani toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7in de tehlike \u00e7anlar\u0131 \u00e7almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 otonom topraklar\u0131nda kendi d\u00fczen ve hiyerar\u015filerini kuran Asuriler, dini ve toplumsal liderleri olan patrik taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilirler. Kom\u015fular\u0131 olan K\u00fcrtler ile ili\u015fkileri de patrik arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bunun \u00f6tesinde, Do\u011fu Asuri Patri\u011fi sadece Asuriler aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda da bir lider, kanaat \u00f6nderi olarak kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan a\u015firetler aras\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda ise hukukun ve adaletin temini \u00e7o\u011fu zaman patrik taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm mallar\u0131na el konuluyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\u201cNinova\u2019n\u0131n Yakar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d, \u201cDo\u011fu Asur Kilise Gelenekleri\u201d\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0\u201cPatrik Mar \u015eamun\u2019un Katli\u201d\u00a0<\/em>adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, meydana gelen sald\u0131r\u0131 ve geli\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Surma Han\u0131m, y\u00fczlerce kez Hristiyanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00f6ylerin bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insanlar\u0131n evlerinden sebepsiz yere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131yor.<\/p>\nAyr\u0131ca Surma Han\u0131m, benzer olaylar\u0131n Bala, Kalanis gibi bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y ve \u015eemdinan y\u00f6resinin tamam\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kaydediyor.<\/p>\nSurma Han\u0131m, Rayat bir Hristiyan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde\u00a0\u201cbenim\u201d<\/em>\u00a0diyebilece\u011fi hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sahip oldu\u011fu her \u015feye yerel bir K\u00fcrt a\u011fas\u0131 ya da Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti memuru taraf\u0131ndan el konuldu\u011funu da belirtiyor.<\/p>\nB\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan zul\u00fcmler hakk\u0131nda Surma Han\u0131m, \u015fu ifadeleri kullan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar T\u00fcrkler ile politik ili\u015fkilerimizi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmemizi sa\u011flayan olaylard\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda rayat Hristiyan\u2019\u0131 olarak ya\u015fayabilmemiz i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u00fcmidin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde ya\u015fayan Asurlular\u0131n her y\u00f6resi, kasabas\u0131 ayn\u0131 durumdayd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\u015eemdinan\u2019da, Norduz\u2019da, Albaq\u2019ta, Mar Biso\u2019da, \u0130yil\u2019de, Gawar\u2019da hep ayn\u0131 \u015feyler ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. K\u00f6ylere sald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor, kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\nSurma Han\u0131m, patri\u011fin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve ulusun ileri gelenlerinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck toplant\u0131da sava\u015fa kat\u0131lma kararlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor ve asl\u0131nda gelecek karanl\u0131k g\u00fcnlerin i\u015faretini de veriyordu.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Asuri Kilisesi Patrik ailesinin \u00f6nemli simalar\u0131ndan Surma Han\u0131m, Hakkari\u2019de bulunan Canterbury Misyonu taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitildi. \u0130leri derecede \u0130ngilizce \u00f6\u011frenen Surma d Bayt Mar \u015eimon, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 da yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n
Karde\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\nAsuriler, 1915 olaylar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Rus g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesi, sonras\u0131nda da Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi ile anla\u015fmaya varan K\u00fcrt ve \u0130ranl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda topraklar\u0131ndan oldu.<\/p>\n
Sald\u0131r\u0131larda, a\u011f\u0131r k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klardan dolay\u0131 binlercesi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, kurtulabilenler ise \u0130ngiliz himayesi alt\u0131nda Bakuba m\u00fclteci kamp\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n
Bununla beraber, 16 Mart 1918\u2019te Surma Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi olan Patrik Mar \u015eemun Benyamin\u2019in dost ve m\u00fcttefik olarak kabul edilen Simko A\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi halklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi de onar\u0131lmaz bir noktaya \u00e7ekmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\u201cEski evlerimizi, bin y\u0131ldan fazla bir zaman \u00f6nce par\u015f\u00f6men \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve o zamandan beri \u015faklam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz kitaplar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yitirdik. Evlerimiz, topraklar\u0131m\u0131z, \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n elinde harap oldu\u201d\u00a0<\/em>diyen Surma Han\u0131m, sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda halk\u0131 i\u00e7in el\u00e7i kabul edilerek ba\u015fta Beyaz Saray olmak \u00fczere Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Krali\u00e7esi taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilerek, Londra ve Paris\u2019teki konferanslara kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n1924 Hakkari S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nden sonra 1933 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Irak\u2019ta ya\u015fayan Surma Han\u0131m, 1952\u2019ye kadar, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ailesiyle beraber K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
K\u0131br\u0131s sonras\u0131nda, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ikametinin ard\u0131ndan Amerika\u2019ya yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Surma Han\u0131m 6 Aral\u0131k 1975\u2019te Kaliforniya\u2019da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n
\u00a9 The Independentturkish<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\nhttps:\/\/www.indyturk.com\/node\/469806\/haber\/hakkarili-s\u00fcryani-bir-kad\u0131n-surma-han\u0131m-\u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc-halk\u0131-i\u00e7in-m\u00fccadeleye-adad\u0131<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"S\u00fcryani halk\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n sembollerinden ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Patrik Mar \u015eimon\u2019un k\u0131z karde\u015fi olan Surma Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131 halk\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleyle ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Ercan \u00d6ks\u00fcz Hakkari\u2019de y\u00fcz y\u0131llar boyunca K\u00fcrtlerle bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan\u00a0S\u00fcryani\u00a0halk\u0131, bug\u00fcn hala Hakkari\u00a0halk\u0131n\u0131n zihninde ve dilinde ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu iki karde\u015f halk, egemen g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgeye m\u00fcdahalesi ve halklar\u0131 birbirine k\u0131rd\u0131rma politikas\u0131, katliamlar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere neden oldu. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":67031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n
Hakkarili S\u00fcryani bir kad\u0131n Surma Han\u0131m: \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fc halk\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye adad\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=67030\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hakkarili S\u00fcryani bir kad\u0131n Surma Han\u0131m: \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fc halk\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye adad\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S\u00fcryani halk\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n sembollerinden ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Patrik Mar \u015eimon\u2019un k\u0131z karde\u015fi olan Surma Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131 halk\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleyle ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Ercan \u00d6ks\u00fcz Hakkari\u2019de y\u00fcz y\u0131llar boyunca K\u00fcrtlerle bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan\u00a0S\u00fcryani\u00a0halk\u0131, bug\u00fcn hala Hakkari\u00a0halk\u0131n\u0131n zihninde ve dilinde ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu iki karde\u015f halk, egemen g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgeye m\u00fcdahalesi ve halklar\u0131 birbirine k\u0131rd\u0131rma politikas\u0131, katliamlar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere neden oldu. 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