{"id":66917,"date":"2022-02-04T01:24:17","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T06:24:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66917"},"modified":"2022-02-04T01:24:17","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T06:24:17","slug":"ahenk-mi-dislanma-mi-turkiyeli-yahudilerin-kulturel-mirasinin-dusundurdukleri-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66917","title":{"rendered":"Ahenk mi, D\u0131\u015flanma m\u0131? T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dr. \u0130lker Hepkaner<\/strong><\/p>\n

2013-2019 seneleri aras\u0131nda New York \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde doktora yaparken pe\u015finde oldu\u011fum bir soru zinciri vard\u0131: T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131 hangi politik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flamda anlayabiliriz? Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 kim, nas\u0131l ve neden \u015fekillendirir? Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun asli unsurlardan biri olmalar\u0131na, politika, ticaret ve sanatta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli roller oynamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kategorisine itilmi\u015f Yahudiler beraber ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 geni\u015f topluma kendilerini, ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini ve geleceklerini nas\u0131l anlat\u0131yorlar?\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

6 sene ABD, T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130srail aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, 200 sayfadan uzun bir doktora tezi ve farkl\u0131 akademik yay\u0131nlar sonras\u0131nda bu sorulara hala mutlak bir cevap verece\u011fimi iddia edemem. Ancak\u00a0 Avlaremoz\u2019un ricas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ramay\u0131p, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131 ilk defa T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir yaz\u0131 dizisinde payla\u015fman\u0131n heyecan\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cSen kimsin ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir T\u00fcrkiyeli olarak neden Yahudi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ilgileniyorsun?\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sordu\u011fum sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131na ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce bana hep sorulan iki soruyu k\u0131saca cevaplamak istiyorum: Sen kimsin ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir T\u00fcrkiyeli olarak neden bu konuyla ilgileniyorsun?<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019de -eksik de olsa- ge\u00e7mi\u015ften konu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00e7ok seven bir ailede b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcm. Alt orta s\u0131n\u0131fa mensup olan ailemde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olay ve konulara \u00e7ok de\u011fer verilirdi. Yaz tatilinde \u00e7ok harcamayal\u0131m ki Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deki a\u00e7\u0131khava konserlerine para kals\u0131n fikri vard\u0131 mesela. Mithatpa\u015fa Meslek Lisesi\u2019nin o ihti\u015faml\u0131 tarihi binas\u0131 cay\u0131r cay\u0131r yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda babam\u0131n \u201cbir ge\u00e7mi\u015f k\u00fcl oldu\u201d diye a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra lisenin yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erken ablam\u0131n da \u201cburan\u0131n restorasyonunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsam ne g\u00fczel olur\u201d dedi\u011fini hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fczellikleri, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bize kalanlara sahip \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n \u00f6nemi ve bizden sonraki ku\u015faklara neyi nas\u0131l b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 hep konu\u015furduk ama evde T\u00fcrkiye tarihine dair pek somut bilgi d\u00f6nmezdi. \u201cEvet bunlar Rum evleri peki ama sahipleri Rumlar nerede?\u201d sorusunu \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre sormad\u0131m mesela. Veya ufac\u0131k \u00e7ocuklar olarak 23 Nisan\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fcklere stadyum g\u00f6sterileri haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in 24 Nisan\u2019da tatil yaparken, eski Ermeni Mahallesi \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f \u0130zmir Fuar\u0131\u2019nda \u201cbu tatili ge\u00e7irmenin\u201d nas\u0131l da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ac\u0131lar zincirinin parlak bir unutkanl\u0131k halkas\u0131 oldu\u011funu uzun y\u0131llar ke\u015ffetmedim.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan \u015fehrini b\u0131rak\u0131p neden ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ancak Galatasaray \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne ba\u015flay\u0131p, T\u00fcrkiye tarihini ders kitaplar\u0131ndan de\u011fil de ger\u00e7ek tarih\u00e7ilerden \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca kafamda ufak k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar \u00e7akmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 anlar\u0131n birinde anneme sordum: \u201cT\u00fcm lise arkada\u015flar\u0131nla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsun, ama en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131m, s\u0131ra arkada\u015f\u0131m dedi\u011fin Karen Teyze\u2019yle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyorsun, neden?\u201d[1]<\/sup>\u00a0\u201cO liseden hemen sonra \u0130srail\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 da, o y\u00fczden\u201d dedi. O an \u201cNeden ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar ki?\u201d diye sorsam da annemin laf\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015ftirmesinden cevab\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bizzat benim de\u015fmem gerekti\u011fini anlad\u0131m. \u0130nsan ailesini, arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fehri, en yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p, ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye neden ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r? 11 senedir ABD\u2019de ya\u015fayan birisi olarak bu soruya benim kendimce bir cevab\u0131m var. Ancak Karen Teyze\u2019nin hikayesini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131mda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca \u00f6nce Filistin\u2019e, sonra \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc tek bir nedenle anlat\u0131lamayacak kadar karma\u015f\u0131k bir hikaye. Ve bu hikaye T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131 anlamakta kimi kilitleri a\u00e7abilecek potansiyele sahip.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Yahudi Tarihine Bak\u0131\u015flar, Kampla\u015fmalar\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Doktora ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu konu \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan tarihe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ya\u015fanan ve T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla ya\u015fanan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan genel olarak birbirine iki z\u0131t a\u00e7\u0131dan i\u015flenmi\u015f. Bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki S\u00fcnni T\u00fcrk \u00e7o\u011funlukla (ve asl\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok bu \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun domine etti\u011fi devletle) Yahudilerin aras\u0131nda bir sorun ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden \u201cAhenk Kamp\u0131.\u201d Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftekiler M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funlukla Yahudi az\u0131nl\u0131k aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan\u00a0 \u2018s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131\u2019 tarihin \u201cahenkli\u201d ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n aksad\u0131\u011f\u0131 istisnalar\u00a0 olarak betimlilyorlar. Onlara g\u00f6re (sadece \u0130berya k\u00f6kenli Sefaradlardan olu\u015fan) T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudiler, 1492\u2019de \u0130spanya\u2019dan kovulduklar\u0131ndan beri \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 sonra da modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de harika bir hayat ya\u015fad\u0131lar. S\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eden ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla birlikte yap\u0131lan ortakl\u0131k \u00f6rneklerine odaklanan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk on y\u0131l\u0131na kadar T\u00fcrkiye Yahudi Toplumu\u2019nun temel anlat\u0131s\u0131 olarak devam etti. Kendi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen bu ahenk kamp\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 1992\u2019deki 500. Y\u0131l Kutlamalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrkiye devletiyle birlikte bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7inin projesine finansal katk\u0131da bulunarak yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu ahenkli tarihi yayma \u00e7abas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye, ABD ve \u0130srail devletlerinin farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika hedeflerine de uygun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Bu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hikayesini New York\u2019taki Amerikan Sefardi Federasyonu\u2019nun 500. Y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131na dair muhafaza etti\u011fi iki detayl\u0131 ar\u015fiv kolisindeki belgelere dayanarak okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Ele\u015ftirel Kamp\u0131n Sahneye \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u201cAhenk Kamp\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak, \u00f6zellikle ABD\u2019nin prestijli \u00fcniversitelerindeki Antropoloji, Tarih ve Ortado\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde bask\u0131n olan, devletlerin politikalar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyen tarihsel do\u011frulara topyek\u00fbn ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsemi\u015f \u201cEle\u015ftirel Kamp\u201d ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kampta yer alan sosyal bilimciler \u201cAhenk Kamp\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi resmin neredeyse aynadaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc resmedecek \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funlukla Yahudi az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n asla ve kat\u2019a uyumlu bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta aksine tarihsel ili\u015fkinin sadece iki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 aks \u00fczerine kuruldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015f. Birinci aks M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun Yahudileri di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve g\u00f6\u00e7e resmen zorlama yapmasa da, ekonomik ve sosyal hayattan elini \u00e7ektirme, ta\u015fradan \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nmaya zorlama ve hatta \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famaya gayri resmi olarak zorlamas\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu kampa g\u00f6re bu tarihsel aks \u00fczerinde Yahudi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ili\u015fkisinin tarihi ancak \u201cpogromlar\u201d \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Bu tarih\u00e7ilerin iddialar\u0131na g\u00f6re ili\u015fkinin ikinci aks\u0131 ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Yahudi ileri gelenlerin devlete yaranmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu ama\u00e7la\u00a0 \u201cAhenk Kamp\u0131\u201dn\u0131n s\u00f6ylemlerine tutunup cemaat i\u00e7i ayk\u0131r\u0131 sesleri bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, tarihi \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sadece kendi \u00e7evrelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zettikleridir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa-merkezli Olmayan Bir Ele\u015ftirel Tarih Yaz\u0131m\u0131 Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ahenk Kamp\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih, T\u00fcrkiye devletinin Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 reddetmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc s\u00f6ylemini yeniden \u00fcretebilirken, Ele\u015ftirel Kamp\u2019ta yaz\u0131lan tarih, Ella Shohat\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bahsetti\u011fi Avrupa-\u0130srail merkezli, sadece Avrupa\u2019daki tarihi temel alan tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tuzaklar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015febiliyor. Peki nedir bu tuzaklar? Holokost\u2019un d\u00fcnyada yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fok sonras\u0131nda Yahudilerin Avrupa\u2019daki tarihini sadece pogromlar ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klayarak \u0130srail\u2019in politik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131 Yahudilerin Filistin\u2019e yerle\u015fimini me\u015fru k\u0131lan bu tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131, ayn\u0131 merce\u011fi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla birlikte ya\u015fayan Yahudilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fine biraz zorlamayla tutuyor. Bu mecburiyetin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019ya \u00f6zel ba\u011flamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Avrupa Yahudi tarihin bir benzeri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funluklu co\u011frafyalar i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece\u00a0 tarih boyunca s\u00fcregelmi\u015f Yahudi-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ili\u015fkilerine dair eksik ve Avrupa-merkezci bir hikaye anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu hikayenin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dair s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fey de olduk\u00e7a \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131. Bu Avrupa-merkezci yakla\u015f\u0131m \u0130srail devletinin kurulmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyaya mal ediyor. 1000 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan tarihsel bir izle\u011fi reddedip Yahudilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cimkans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d iddia etmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcmona imkans\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6nerilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ise, ayn\u0131 Avrupa\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma dolu tarihte hayatta kalan Yahudiler gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla ya\u015fayan Yahudilerin da \u0130srail\u2019e yerle\u015fmesi gereklili\u011fi. Bu tip bir tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman co\u011frafyalarda ya\u015fayan Yahudilere g\u00f6\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir imkan sunmuyor. K\u0131sacas\u0131 bu yakla\u015f\u0131m sadece tarihi eksik okumuyor, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dair se\u00e7enekleri de otomatik olarak s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kamplar\u0131n Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihten, T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin \u00dcretti\u011fi Tarihe<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130ki kamp\u0131n da anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 devletlerin politik s\u00f6ylemlerinin g\u00f6lgesinde kal\u0131yor. Uydurma oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f hikayeler (mesela Muhtar Kent\u2019in hi\u00e7bir kay\u0131tlarda yer almayan, Marsilya\u2019da Yahudileri Naziler\u2019den\u00a0kurtarma hikayesi<\/a>) bazen bu anlat\u0131lara dahil ediliyor. Ancak yine de bu kamplar\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerine kulak vermek ve iki kamp\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7eklerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe, k\u00fclt\u00fcre ve gelece\u011fe bakman\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu nedenle bu tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 geleneklerinin tarihi hakikatleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fiminde T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miraslar\u0131n\u0131 incelerken, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin etkisi alt\u0131nda kald\u0131klar\u0131 siyasal, sosyal, toplumsal ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7leri anlamaya ve bunu yaparken de bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 \u00fcreten Yahudileri merkeze almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu incelemem s\u0131ras\u0131nda doktora tezimi T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin \u0130srail ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini anlatmak i\u00e7in in\u015fa ettikleri kamusal alanlar \u00fczerine yazsam da, ara\u015ft\u0131rmamda ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Yahudilerin icra ettikleri m\u00fczi\u011fe ve tiyatroya, kendilerinin \u00e7ektikleri belgesel filmlere ve olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 ar\u015fivlere de bakt\u0131m. Bu incelemelerim sonunda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudiler kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini tarih\u00e7iler gibi Ahenk-Pogrom ikileminden \u00e7ok daha katmanl\u0131 bir noktadan anlat\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin \u00fcretti\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcr\u00fcnler bize M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funlukla Yahudi az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin sadece ahenk veya sadece pogrom ile anlat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funluk ve az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ileti\u015fiminin sadece bir m\u00fczakere veya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda birlikte \u00fcretim olarak da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n

Tiyatro \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Mesela T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki amat\u00f6r Yahudi tiyatrosunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Devletin toplumu, ekonomiyi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Ladino (Yahudi \u0130spanyolcas\u0131) konu\u015fan Yahudilerin \u00fclkeden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok evlerde konu\u015fulan Ladino yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Ancak 1970\u2019lerin sonuna do\u011fru bunu engellemenin ilk \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinden birisi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcretimde bulundu. \u00d6zellikle amat\u00f6r tiyatro oyunlar\u0131 ve m\u00fczikal performanslar Ladino\u2019nun en az\u0131ndan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7er\u00e7evede canl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyor. On y\u0131llard\u0131r tekrar tekrar sahnelenen\u00a0Kula \u2018930 oyunu<\/a>, ard\u0131ndan sahnelenen di\u011fer Ladino tiyatro oyunlar\u0131, bu oyundan do\u011fan Los Pa\u015faros Sefaradis m\u00fczik grubunun \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 gibi canl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcr\u00fcnler sayesinde Ladino\u00a0 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fcnyada var olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel fenomenin bir yan\u0131nda bu dilin sokakta konu\u015fulmas\u0131n\u0131n engellendi\u011fi\u00a0Vatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Konu\u015f!\u00a0<\/a><\/em>kampanyas\u0131 ve onun Yahudi toplumundaki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkileri duruyor. Ancak bir yanda da bu dili ayakta tutmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalayan, yeri geldi\u011finde iki dilli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-Ladino oyunlar sahneleyen sanat\u00e7\u0131lar var. Bu \u00f6rne\u011fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ne Ahenk Kamp\u0131n\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi gibi g\u00fcll\u00fck g\u00fclistanl\u0131k bir durum s\u00f6z konusu, ne de Ele\u015ftirel Kamp\u2019\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi gibi sadece y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve \u015fiddet dolu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir m\u00fccadele. Her iki kamp\u0131n da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu\u011fu alanlar var ve ancak bu ikisini bir araya getirdi\u011fimizde her iki kamp\u0131n da g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fi noktalar oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Moiz Mos Konta Kualo? (Moiz Bize Ne Anlat\u0131yor?)<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"Onstage,
Paris\u2019te bir konferansta Moiz oyunu \u00f6rne\u011fi,\u00a0\u00a0\u201cLa vida djudia de ayer a oy en la famiya de Moiz\u201d\u00a0<\/em>oyunundan (D\u00fcnden Bug\u00fcne Moiz ailesinde Yahudi ya\u015fam\u0131) Kaynak:\u00a0UW Stroum Center<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kula \u2018930\u2019da do\u011fan, sonras\u0131nda Jojo Eskinazi\u2019nin y\u00f6netiminde ye\u015feren ve Moiz karakterinin etraf\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyen \u201cMoiz oyunlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde de benzer bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. Komedi unsurunun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Moiz oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n 1990\u2019lar ve 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konularda \u201cahenk-\u00e7at\u0131\u015fma\u201d aks\u0131ndan daha derinlikli bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6zlemleniyor. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi iki ana grupta toplayabiliriz. Birincisi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Yahudi toplumunun kendi i\u00e7erisindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131. Holokost\u2019un T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Yahudileri nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n aileleri yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felere savurmu\u015f olmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 aile \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda mesafelerin artmas\u0131, Ladino\u2019nun\u00a0 yeni ku\u015faklara aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller gibi konular Moiz oyunlar\u0131nda izleyiciyle bulu\u015fuyor. \u0130kinci grupta da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan ve geni\u015f toplum veya az\u0131nl\u0131k topluluklar\u0131na ait olman\u0131n \u00e7ok da etkilemedi\u011fi konular var. Mesela ku\u015faklar aras\u0131nda teknoloji, g\u00fcnl\u00fck dilde \u0130ngilizce kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ailevi ili\u015fkilerin farkl\u0131 alg\u0131lar\u0131 da Moiz oyunlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla i\u015flenmekte.<\/p>\n

Bu iki tip konuya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de icra edilen amat\u00f6r Yahudi tiyatrosunun ne sadece kendi cemaatine dair konularla ilgilendi\u011fini ne de tamamen geni\u015f toplumun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 dert edindi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Moiz oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n bize g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi olgulardan en \u00f6nemlisi, kan\u0131mca, T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015fanan kimi geli\u015fmelerden hem herkes gibi etkilendikleri, hem de toplulu\u011fa dair kendi konular\u0131n\u0131 da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fcnyada dile getirdikleri. T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin \u00fcretti\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr bu nedenle ne T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin geni\u015f toplumunun tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulardan izole bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilebilir, ne de T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin kimi sorunlar\u0131 \u201cayn\u0131 geni\u015f toplumdaki gibi\u201d ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 iddia edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Moiz oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n izleyicileri sadece \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir\u2019deki Yahudiler de\u011fil. \u0130srail\u2019de yapt\u0131klar\u0131 her g\u00f6sterimin orada ya\u015fayan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Yahudiler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ok sevildi\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Yahudilerin \u00fcretti\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcr\u00fcnler bize Ahenk-Ele\u015ftiri kamp \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir ad\u0131m ilerisini g\u00f6sterirken, bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri severek takip eden ve \u0130srail\u2019de ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin \u0130srail\u2019de kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcr\u00fcnler bize ne g\u00f6steriyor, diye sorabilirsiniz. O konuyu \u0130srail\u2019deki Atat\u00fcrk Orman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hikayesini anlataca\u011f\u0131m bir sonraki yaz\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/sup>\u00a0T\u00fcm ara\u015ft\u0131rmam boyunca isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirdim, bu yaz\u0131da da ger\u00e7ek isim kullanm\u0131yorum.<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.avlaremoz.com\/2022\/02\/03\/ahenk-mi-dislanma-mi-turkiyeli-yahudilerin-kulturel-mirasinin-dusundurdukleri-1-dr-ilker-hepkaner\/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=ahenk-mi-dislanma-mi-turkiyeli-yahudilerin-kulturel-mirasinin-dusundurdukleri-1-dr-ilker-hepkaner<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. \u0130lker Hepkaner 2013-2019 seneleri aras\u0131nda New York \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde doktora yaparken pe\u015finde oldu\u011fum bir soru zinciri vard\u0131: T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131 hangi politik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flamda anlayabiliriz? Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 kim, nas\u0131l ve neden \u015fekillendirir? Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun asli unsurlardan biri olmalar\u0131na, politika, ticaret ve sanatta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli roller oynamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":66918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nAhenk mi, D\u0131\u015flanma m\u0131? T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri (1) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66917\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ahenk mi, D\u0131\u015flanma m\u0131? T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri (1) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dr. \u0130lker Hepkaner 2013-2019 seneleri aras\u0131nda New York \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde doktora yaparken pe\u015finde oldu\u011fum bir soru zinciri vard\u0131: T\u00fcrkiyeli Yahudilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131 hangi politik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flamda anlayabiliriz? Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 kim, nas\u0131l ve neden \u015fekillendirir? Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun asli unsurlardan biri olmalar\u0131na, politika, ticaret ve sanatta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli roller oynamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66917\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-04T06:24:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/02\/T\u00fcrkiyeli-Yahudiler.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"717\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=66917#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=66917\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Ahenk mi, D\u0131\u015flanma m\u0131? 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