{"id":66834,"date":"2022-02-01T02:07:55","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T07:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66834"},"modified":"2022-02-01T02:07:55","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T07:07:55","slug":"ortadoguda-modern-hurafeler-ve-gercekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66834","title":{"rendered":"Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u2018modern hurafeler\u2019 ve ger\u00e7ekler"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ferda Balancar<\/a><\/span> <\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Hukuk\u00e7u, yazar Orhan Gazi Ertekin\u2019in derledi\u011fi \u201cK\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fc Savunmak: \u2018K\u00fcrd\u2019e Hukuk\u2019 ve \u2018K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn Hukukuna Giri\u015f\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap Epos Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kitapta, Ertekin\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Melek G\u00f6regenli, Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Kars Kaynar, H\u00fclya \u00d6zevin, Ne\u015fet Girasun, \u0130hsan Kurt, Rah\u015fan Yazar, Seda Al\u00e7\u0131nar, Hatice Demir ve \u0130smet Y\u00fcce\u2019nin yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Orhan Gazi Ertekin ile kitaptan yola \u00e7\u0131karak d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018hak m\u00fccadelesi\u2019nin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc konu\u015ftuk.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
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Kitab\u0131n giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ve kitab\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde de s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan iki kavram var. Bunlardan birincisi \u2018K\u00fcrt hak hareketi\u2019. Bu kavram\u0131 kitab\u0131 hen\u00fcz okumam\u0131\u015f okurlar i\u00e7in a\u00e7ar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt hak hareketi bug\u00fcne kadar \u2018milli hareket\u2019, \u2018sosyalist politika’, ‘ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d veya \u2018insan haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi\u2019 gibi birbirinden farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlarda anlat\u0131lan K\u00fcrt m\u00fccadelesine yeni bir anlam katman\u0131 ve takip edilebilir bir politik-hukuki hat daha eklemek \u00fczere ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. Daha a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, K\u00fcrt m\u00fccadeleleri bir de \u2018hak\u2019 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda takip edilmelidir. Yasa ve ger\u00e7ek hayat, kurulu hukuk ve kurucu hukuk g\u00fcndemleri i\u00e7inde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131, buna ili\u015fkin kavramlarla de\u011ferlendirilmeli, K\u00fcrt m\u00fccadelesinin demokratik g\u00fcc\u00fc ve potansiyeli bir de buradan sorgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden do\u011fmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrtlerin m\u00fccadelesini \u2018hak hareketi\u2019 olarak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak bir ka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli tezi sahiplenmek demektir. \u0130lk olarak, K\u00fcrtlerin yasal ve fiili e\u015fitsizliklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kategorik bi\u00e7imde siyasi-hukuki d\u00fczenlerden d\u0131\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130kincisi, K\u00fcrtlerin m\u00fccadelesi e\u015fitsiz ve hiyerar\u015fik bi\u00e7imde kurulmu\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu hukuk d\u00fczenlerinin yasal tan\u0131nma ile a\u015f\u0131lamayacak yap\u0131sal sorunlar\u0131na da i\u015faret etmektedir. E\u015fitsizlikler rejimlere dahildir ve yap\u0131sald\u0131r. Nitekim K\u00fcrt hak hareketi kurulu hukuka dahil olma ve yasal tan\u0131nma m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6tesinde yeni bir \u2018ortak ya\u015fam\u2019 ile hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin yeni ba\u015ftan in\u015fa edilebilece\u011fi \u2018kurucu\u2019 bir eylemler rutini olarak do\u011fmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrt m\u00fccadelesi, bu nedenle, T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu’nun dinamik ve yap\u0131c\u0131 demokratik hareketlerinden birisidir. Ve bir ba\u015fka \u015fey de K\u00fcrt m\u00fccadelesini Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u2018ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131-ulusal hareketleri\u2019nden \u00e7ok ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere siyah hareketlerin teorik ve pratik g\u00fcndemleri ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekti\u011fine dair bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Kitapta yer verdi\u011finiz bir ba\u015fka kavram da \u2018Proskription rejimi\u2019. Bu kavram\u0131 a\u00e7ar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Proskription eski Roma\u2019da t\u00fcm haklar\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin isimlerinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 levhan\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130smi bu levhadaki listede yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar yurtta\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybederler ve onlara y\u00f6nelik su\u00e7 i\u015flemek serbest hale gelir. K\u00fcrtler, T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu’nun modern d\u00f6nem proskription listelerinin ilk s\u0131ras\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve dahas\u0131 onlara kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan haklardan mahrum b\u0131rakma stratejileri bir \u2018rejim\u2019 boyutuna kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Modern Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun siyasi-hukuki d\u00fczenleri bir t\u00fcr proskription listesi olu\u015fturarak; K\u00fcrtler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere belirli topluluklar\u0131 haklar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131rarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar ve proskription rejimi adland\u0131rmas\u0131 bu hukuki-siyasi mekanizmay\u0131 pek yerinde kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Belki daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kitapta proskription rejimlerini yar\u0131 resm\u00ee apartheid (\u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131) rejimleri olarak da tarif ettik. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yurtta\u015fl\u0131k ile T\u00fcrkl\u00fck aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan yasal bir ba\u011f vard\u0131r ve bu \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 bir \u2018\u0131rksal\u2019 ayr\u0131ma tekab\u00fcl eder. Ku\u015fkusuz ki ger\u00e7ekte \u201c\u0131rk\u201d diye bir soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Fakat T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yurtta\u015fl\u0131k ile bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birime dahil olmay\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f hale getirmek siyasal hukuksal meseleleri \u2018\u0131rksalla\u015ft\u0131rmak\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelir. Yurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011fa dair hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6ze ait k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur. Yurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011fa dair bu t\u00fcr \u015fartlar ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u2018gizlice\u2019 yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Kald\u0131 ki \u00e7ok yo\u011fun olarak fiili e\u015fitsizlikler de s\u00f6z konusudur. Gayrim\u00fcslimler ve geni\u015f be\u015feri kapsamlar\u0131 nedeniyle K\u00fcrtler ile Aleviler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin birer proskription rejimi veya yukar\u0131daki yasal ve fiili \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle yar\u0131 resmi apartheid rejimi niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim.<\/p>\n

1990\u2019lardan bu yana sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fil t\u00fcm t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u2018anti-ter\u00f6r devletleri\u2019 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u2018anti-ter\u00f6r hukuku\u2019nun y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyorsunuz. Bu geli\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018hak m\u00fccadelesi\u2019 veren kesimler ne t\u00fcr direni\u015f ve m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemleri ortaya koymal\u0131yd\u0131 ve bunu ne kadar yapabildiler?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anti-ter\u00f6r devletlerinin ge\u00e7 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren y\u00fckselen bir yeni ‘hukuk-siyaset \u00e7a\u011f\u0131’ oldu\u011fu maalesef tespit edilemedi. H\u00e2l\u00e2 da fark edilebilmi\u015f de\u011fil. Bir defa yeni bir hukuk-siyaset ili\u015fkileri s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131. Kurulu hukuk ve kurucu hukuk ili\u015fkisi egemenler lehine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve bi\u00e7imsel, kurumsal s\u0131n\u0131rlar belirsizle\u015fti. Dereg\u00fclasyon h\u0131zland\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin de ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak \u2018hak hareketi\u2019 ba\u011flam\u0131nda geli\u015fmesi zorunluydu. Yani legalist tutumlar yerine me\u015fruiyet\u00e7i m\u00fcdahalelerin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerdeyiz. Bunu K\u00fcrtler \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Fakat \u00f6rne\u011fin Aleviler maalesef ba\u015faramad\u0131lar. Oysa sokak ile geleneksel siyaset ve hukuk aras\u0131nda yeni ili\u015fkiler ve ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kamuoyunun yarg\u0131 ve hukuk g\u00fcndemlerinde daha etkin ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r bu d\u00f6nemden sonra. Oysa iktidarlar bu ili\u015fkiyi genellikle yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 bir \u2018lin\u00e7\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131rlar. Egemenler anti-ter\u00f6r hukuku pratikleriyle kendilerini son elli y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. Fakat demokratik g\u00fc\u00e7ler eski tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve ara\u00e7lar \u00fczerinde sabit kald\u0131lar… K\u00fcrt hak hareketinin \u0131srarl\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131 bir yol tutturmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni yeni d\u00f6neme k\u0131smen uygun yollar ve ara\u00e7lar geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Fakat bunu di\u011fer hareketler i\u00e7in s\u00f6yleyebilecek durumda de\u011filiz.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin demokrasi ve hak m\u00fccadelesi tarihinin \u2018cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik-saltanat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 ya da \u2018Kemalizm-\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 gerilimi \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, \u2018merkeziyet\u00e7ilik-federalizm\u2019 gerilimi \u00fczerinden okunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyorsunuz. Bu okuma bi\u00e7imi, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konjonkt\u00fcrde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin demokratikle\u015fme sorununu nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirmemizi gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Art\u0131k daha net g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki Kemalizm-\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k ayr\u0131m\u0131 ve gerilimi son derece verimsiz bir oyundan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil. Her ikisi de \u2018kirli\u2019 toplumsal alan\u0131n merkezi devlet taraf\u0131ndan kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131narak d\u00fczeltilece\u011fi bir merkeziyet\u00e7ilik gelene\u011finin i\u00e7inde bulu\u015fuyorlar. Vadettikleri yeni ve farkl\u0131 bir yol yok. Sadece kendilerinin do\u011fru akt\u00f6r oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Oysa art\u0131k daha k\u00f6kenlere inmemiz laz\u0131m, adil ve daha demokratik bir \u00fclke i\u00e7in. Do\u011frusu kitap \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u00fcre boyunca akl\u0131m\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde \u00e7ok belirgin bir soru vard\u0131: K\u00fcrtlere ve Ermenilere hayat alan\u0131 verilen bir Ortado\u011fu ve Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu nas\u0131l olurdu? Cevab\u0131m da \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k ve netti: Bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha demokratik ve \u00e7o\u011fulcu olaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sol, sosyalist, liberal, demokrat tutum ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin tutarl\u0131 ve derin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini verdiler bu topluluklar\u0131n siyasal hareketleri. Merkeziyet\u00e7i olmaktan \u00e7ok federalisttiler. \u00d6zerklik belirgin bir siyasal tutum oldu. Bu nedenle de bu hareketlerin hem kamu hukuku anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hem de g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerine getirdikleri denge \u00e7ok \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirirdi. Bu da esas olarak federalist bir siyasal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve onun hukuk uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 besleyecekti. Oysa b\u00fct\u00fcn enerjimizi t\u00fcketen bir merkeziyet\u00e7ilik i\u00e7i siyasal \u00e7eki\u015fme ile heba ettik bir y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131. Makul bir spek\u00fclasyon olarak Ermenilerin ve K\u00fcrtlerin m\u00fccadelelerinin hukuk alan\u0131ndaki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha verimli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilecek durumday\u0131z, bu nedenle.<\/p>\n

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http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/26724\/ortadoguda-modern-hurafeler-ve-gercekler\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ferda Balancar \u00a0 Hukuk\u00e7u, yazar Orhan Gazi Ertekin\u2019in derledi\u011fi \u201cK\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fc Savunmak: \u2018K\u00fcrd\u2019e Hukuk\u2019 ve \u2018K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn Hukukuna Giri\u015f\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap Epos Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kitapta, Ertekin\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Melek G\u00f6regenli, Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Kars Kaynar, H\u00fclya \u00d6zevin, Ne\u015fet Girasun, \u0130hsan Kurt, Rah\u015fan Yazar, Seda Al\u00e7\u0131nar, Hatice Demir ve \u0130smet Y\u00fcce\u2019nin yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Orhan Gazi Ertekin ile kitaptan yola […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":66835,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nOrtado\u011fu\u2019da \u2018modern hurafeler\u2019 ve ger\u00e7ekler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66834\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u2018modern hurafeler\u2019 ve ger\u00e7ekler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ferda Balancar \u00a0 Hukuk\u00e7u, yazar Orhan Gazi Ertekin\u2019in derledi\u011fi \u201cK\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fc Savunmak: \u2018K\u00fcrd\u2019e Hukuk\u2019 ve \u2018K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn Hukukuna Giri\u015f\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap Epos Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kitapta, Ertekin\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Melek G\u00f6regenli, Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Kars Kaynar, H\u00fclya \u00d6zevin, Ne\u015fet Girasun, \u0130hsan Kurt, Rah\u015fan Yazar, Seda Al\u00e7\u0131nar, Hatice Demir ve \u0130smet Y\u00fcce\u2019nin yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. 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