{"id":66001,"date":"2021-12-02T04:26:12","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T09:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66001"},"modified":"2021-12-02T04:31:32","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T09:31:32","slug":"fail-mi-kurtarici-mi-araplar-1915te-ne-yapti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66001","title":{"rendered":"Fail mi kurtar\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131: Araplar 1915’te ne yapt\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun derledi\u011fi ‘Araplar\u0131n 1915’i: Soyk\u0131r\u0131m-Kimlik-Co\u011frafya’ \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu ile kitab\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk.<\/strong><\/em><\/header>\n
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<\/div>\n\"Fail<\/picture><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Google Haberlere Abone ol<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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Serdar Korucu<\/strong><\/p>\n

DUVAR –<\/strong>\u00a0Araplar ve Ermeniler ili\u015fkisi, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcne az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konulardan biri. Stanford \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan kitab\u0131 ‘Araplar\u0131n 1915’i bu alandaki akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir araya getiriyor. Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu b\u00f6ylece simge haline gelen tarih 1915 ve sonras\u0131nda Araplar\u0131n Ermenilerle olan ili\u015fkisini ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu ile Araplar\u0131n Ermenilerle olan ili\u015fkisini ve ‘Araplar\u0131n 1915’ini konu\u015ftuk.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da, literat\u00fcrde de son d\u00f6nemde K\u00fcrtler ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar artt\u0131. Fakat Araplar konusu hep geride kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu alandaki bo\u015flu\u011fu neye ba\u011fl\u0131yorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda kitap tam da b\u00f6yle bir bo\u015fluk hissinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Agos\u2019ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bir tesad\u00fcfle Faiz el \u011e\u00fcseyn\u2019in soyk\u0131r\u0131ma dair tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Nereye baksam, soyk\u0131r\u0131ma dair bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk anlat\u0131 deniyordu. Fakat bir Bedevi asilzadesi olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lan Faiz\u2019i ve bu tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak istedi\u011fimde ise \u00e7ok fazla bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131m. Bu konu \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar Faiz\u2019in anlat\u0131s\u0131na referanslar vermi\u015fler ama onun m\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir Arap olarak neden b\u00f6yle metni yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa pek bak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Neden bak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 sizce?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bunun \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u00f6z konusu literat\u00fcr\u00fcn soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n akt\u00f6rleri, mekanlar\u0131 ve zamansall\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Literat\u00fcr, genel olarak Ermenilerin esas olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafya olan Anadolu\u2019ya ve hatta esas olarak \u0130stanbul\u2019daki karar alma s\u00fcrecine odaklan\u0131yor ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 belirli bir zaman diliminde olup biten bir olay olarak ele al\u0131yor. Bu da, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 genel olarak Ermeniler ile Anadolu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda cereyan etmi\u015f bir meseleye indirgiyor. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcreci de sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ilgilendiren bir mesele olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Halbuki, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ve sonras\u0131nda t\u00fcm Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun kaderini etkileyen ve manda ve ulus-devletlerin kurulu\u015funda belirleyici olmu\u015f bir mesele. Bu anlamda, daha geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekte Araplar ile Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin boyutlar\u0131na bakman\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

‘ARAPLIK, K\u00dcRTL\u00dcK VETA ERMEN\u0130L\u0130K, D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI SIRASINDAK\u0130 S\u00dcRE\u00c7TE ‘YEN\u0130DEN’ \u0130N\u015eA ED\u0130LD\u0130’<\/h2>\n

Bur\u00e7in Ger\u00e7ek ‘Ak\u0131nt\u0131ya Kar\u015f\u0131’ kitab\u0131nda b\u00f6lgedeki H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan K\u00fcrtlerin durumu katliamlara i\u015ftirak eden, destekleyen ve sessiz kalan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa k\u0131yasla okyanustaki bir damla suya e\u015fit oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Bu kesimin \u201canlaml\u0131 bir az\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d bile olsayd\u0131 sonucun bamba\u015fka olabilece\u011fini de vurguluyordu. Arap toplumunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in durum neydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda, bu sorunun cevab\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00e7etrefilli ve zor. Hatta buna kitaptaki makalelerin bile net bir cevab\u0131 yok zor. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki yo\u011fun \u015fiddet ve sonras\u0131ndaki demografik de\u011fi\u015fim, Orta Do\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar kurucu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. Zira, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bildi\u011fimiz anlam\u0131yla Arapl\u0131k, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck veya Ermenilik, genel hatlar\u0131yla bu \u015fiddetli s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve s\u00fcrecin sonras\u0131nda -yeniden- in\u015fa ediliyor. Bu y\u00fczden, dini ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal pozisyonlara, b\u00f6lgeselli\u011fe ve zamansall\u0131\u011fa bakman\u0131n daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu ba\u011flamda, Anadolu ile Suriye-Irak- L\u00fcbnan Araplar\u0131n\u0131n veya g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bedevi a\u015firetleri ile Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 veya Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya isyan eden \u015eerifi hareketinden Araplar\u0131n birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fken pozisyonlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsayabiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kitapta Anna Aleksanyan\u2019\u0131n bu meseleye ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan veya el konulan Ermeni kad\u0131nlar perspektifinden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde bir\u00e7ok Arap\u2019\u0131n fail olarak soyk\u0131r\u0131ma i\u015ftirak etti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Keith Watenpaugh\u2019nun makalesi, Halep\u2019in baz\u0131 Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 Arap entelekt\u00fcellerinin Ermenilere uygulanan g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6ren bir pozisyonda durduklar\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. \u00d6te yandan, Narine Margaryan ise \u015eerifi hareketinin genel olarak nas\u0131l Ermeni yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir politika izledi\u011fini ortaya koyarken, \u015eule Can, Antakyal\u0131 Arap Aleviler ile Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerinden bahsediyor.<\/p>\n

‘ERMEN\u0130CE TAR\u0130H K\u0130TAPLARINDA ARAPLARA M\u0130NNETTARLIK HAK\u0130M’<\/h2>\n

Fakat Ermenice anlat\u0131larda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kanlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla Arap toplumunun koruyuculu\u011fu \u00fczerine. \u00d6zellikle de Verjine Svazlian\u2019\u0131n ‘Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’ kitab\u0131ndakilerde. Bedevilerin \u201cErmeni olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n diye sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kesti\u011fi, y\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131klar\u0131\u201d \u00e7ocuklar da bulunuyor, ailelerin yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131tlar da: \u201cYol ver, Habur, yol ver, ge\u00e7elim \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc,\/Evlad\u0131m c\u0131s\u00e7\u0131plak Arab\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fcnde,\/Oy anam, oy anam, hal\u0131m\u0131z yaman!\/Der Zor \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m zaman.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Araplar\u0131n 1915’i: Soyk\u0131r\u0131m-Kimlik – Co\u011frafya, Kolektif, Derleyen:\u00a0Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu, 284 syf.,\u00a0\u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2021.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Asl\u0131nda biraz \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fim \u015fiddet s\u00fcrecindeki rollerin de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi \u015ferhimi tekrar d\u00fc\u015ferek belirteyim ki, genel olarak konuya dair tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131nda Araplar kurtar\u0131c\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Arap\u00e7a tarih kitaplar\u0131, Ermenileri s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00fclkelerine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sunan ve uyumlu az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak resmediyorlar. Modernle\u015fmenin mimarlar\u0131 veya Bat\u0131 medeniyetinin do\u011fru temsilcileri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyorlar. Bunun alt\u0131nda, elbette ki, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131n itibaren hakim olan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n izlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Arap entelekt\u00fcellerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, \u0131rk hiyerar\u015fisinde T\u00fcrklerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da oldu\u011funu veya kendilerinin \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n esas temsilcisi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak i\u00e7in Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Bu \u015fiddetin sebebinin T\u00fcrkl\u00fckten gelen bir barbarl\u0131k oldu\u011funu vurgulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak baz\u0131 Araplar\u0131n su\u00e7a i\u015ftirakini \u00f6rtbas etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ermenice tarih kitaplar\u0131nda ise soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci ve sonras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen koruyucu tav\u0131rdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Araplara minnettarl\u0131k hakim.<\/p>\n

Bu hep b\u00f6yle devam etmiyor de\u011fil mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitapta Victoria Abrahamian\u2019\u0131n makalesinde \u00f6\u011freniyoruz ki, manda y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda Suriye in\u015fa edilirken, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler bu kadar tozpembe de\u011fil. Bu durum, sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli tabii ki.<\/p>\n

Kitap zaten fail olan Araplar\u0131n da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yer veriyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, al\u0131konulmas\u0131, Ermeni \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmesi ve kafilelerin yollarda ve \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131nda katledilmelerinde elbette ki bug\u00fcn Arap olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gruplar\u0131n da sorumlulu\u011fu var. Fakat \u00f6te yandan, \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in T\u00fcrklerin elindeki halifeli\u011fi itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve halifeli\u011fin ger\u00e7ek sahibinin kendisi oldu\u011funu ortaya koymak i\u00e7in soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ancak bu sadece s\u00f6ylemsel bir ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011fil. \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in 1917\u2019de t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara Ermenileri kendilerindenmi\u015f gibi korunmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 var. Ard\u0131ndan, kitapta Margaryan\u2019\u0131n detayland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nem Suriye\u2019de Arap Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ilan eden Emin Faysal\u2019\u0131n Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik olumlu politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u015fiddet anlar\u0131nda belirli bir grubu belirli bir pozisyona hapsetmenin hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm gibi, Araplar\u0131 da olumlu ya da olumsuz bir pozisyona indirgemek de do\u011fru olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hamit Bozarslan\u2019\u0131n makalesinde \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin d\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kesim olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc K\u00fcrtler ve Araplar\u0131n 1915\u2019teki tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 ne belirliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Genel olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bu toplumlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, bu ili\u015fkinin getirdi\u011fi birikimler ve rekabetler tabii ki ayn\u0131 de\u011fil. K\u00fcrtler ile Ermeniler \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre ayn\u0131 topraklar\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve burada olu\u015fan sosyal, siyasi, dini, etnik ve ekonomik bagajlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu gruplar i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi olu\u015fumlar\u0131n birbirlerine bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bunun \u00fczerinden \u015fekilleniyor. Bu anlamda, K\u00fcrt-Ermeni ili\u015fkileri bahsinin halen daha \u00e7ok varsay\u0131mlara dayal\u0131 ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum ve daha \u00f6\u011frenmemiz gereken \u00e7ok \u015fey var bence. Bu ili\u015fkiye dahil olan Anadolu\u2019daki Araplar\u0131n kimlik in\u015fas\u0131 ise daha \u00e7ok dini aidiyet \u00fczerinden, 1930\u2019lar\u0131n sonundaki Antakya meselesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Arapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir kimlik olarak \u00e7ok fazla \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir moment yok. O y\u00fczden, Araplar ile Ermenilerin ili\u015fkileri farkl\u0131 noktalarda \u015fekilleniyor. Ve esas kitlesel temaslar\u0131 ise soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda. Bunu, Samuel Dolbee\u2019nin makalesinde aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehcir anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda da g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Anadolu\u2019nun do\u011fusundan Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilen Ermeniler bile \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc bir bilinmez ve orada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcrden insanlar olarak tasavvur ediyorlar. Burada, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye ve Irak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki toplama kamplar\u0131nda, \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da b\u00f6lgenin Bedevi a\u015firetlerinin eliyle b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Fakat yine de Dolbee\u2019nin ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi \u00e7\u00f6l ve ona hakim hayat tarz\u0131 Ermenilere ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kurtulu\u015f imkan\u0131 da veriyor. Sava\u015f\u0131n belirli bir noktas\u0131ndan sonra b\u00f6lgenin \u0130ngiliz g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ve sonra da \u015eerifi hareketin hakimiyetinde olan \u015fehirleri de \u00e7o\u011funlukla daha g\u00fcvenli limanlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

‘KAPANMI\u015e B\u0130R DEFTER’<\/h2>\n

Araplar ve Ermenilerin \u00f6zellikle de Halep\u2019teki ili\u015fkisine de de\u011finiyor kitap. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemde zorla evlilikler, tecav\u00fczler, daha sonra Ermenileri hedef alan 1919 Katliam\u0131 ve bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcregelen \u201cBir par\u00e7a Ermeni\u201d gibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ifadeler olsa da \u00e7evredeki di\u011fer toplumlardan \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Birincil kaynaklarda pek \u00e7ok bilgi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen neden bu zamana kadar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc Orta Do\u011fu tarih\u00e7ilerinden Ussama Makdisi, Orta Do\u011fu tarih\u00e7ili\u011finin egemen olmayan toplumlara y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddeti g\u00f6rmekten \u0131srarla ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Irak\u2019ta S\u00fcryanilere y\u00f6nelik 1933 Simele Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n veya 1941\u2019de Ba\u011fdat gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Yahudi \u015fehrini neredeyse bu n\u00fcfustan \u2018temizleyen\u2019 Ferhud da \u00e7ok iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve pek bilinmeyen olaylar. Bunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 28 \u015eubat 1919\u2019da Araplar\u0131n Ermenilere sald\u0131rarak ciddi say\u0131da can kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 Halep Katliam\u0131, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir katliam ve bu anlamda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olurdu. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, onlarca Ermeni\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra, bu \u015fiddetin failleri \u00e7ok sert bir \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve 35 ki\u015fi idam edilir. Halep\u2019te Emin Faysal\u2019dan m\u00fcft\u00fcye kadar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Arap toplumunu temsil eden her bir \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netici bu katliam\u0131 k\u0131nar ve Arap-Ermeni ili\u015fkilerine zarar veremeyece\u011fini defalarca kez dile getirir. Bunun \u00f6tesinde, \u00f6fke ve h\u0131n\u00e7 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakma \u00e7abas\u0131, Halep\u2019teki t\u00fcm toplumlar\u0131n katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu bir kolektiviteye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Watenpaugh\u2019nun makalesinde belirtti\u011fi gibi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din adamlar\u0131, Yahudi hahamlar ve H\u0131ristiyan papazlardan olu\u015fan bir komite, her hafta birinin ev sahipli\u011finde iyili\u011fe g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bu hadisenin bir daha tekrarlanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in toplanmaya ba\u015flarlar ve bu toplant\u0131lar uzun y\u0131llar devam eder. Ermeni ileri gelenleri de bu ortak s\u00f6yleme birlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fma mesajlar\u0131yla destek verir ve bu \u015fiddet olay\u0131na dair \u00fcretilen ortak kan\u0131y\u0131 -\u015fiddeti T\u00fcrk yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131- payla\u015f\u0131rlar. Yani, bir yandan, bu katliam, faillerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, hakim g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmam\u0131\u015f ve onar\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir hadise. Benzer \u00f6rnekleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bir anlamda \u2018kapanm\u0131\u015f bir defter\u2019 belki de.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7 noktalardan biri de K\u00fcrt-Ermeni ili\u015fkisi olarak Hoybun \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lsa da Arap-Ermeni ittifak\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha erken ve belki \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131. Bu da bug\u00fcne kadarki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir ba\u015fka eksik par\u00e7as\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu ittifak giri\u015fimlerinin kitab\u0131n gelecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara kap\u0131 aralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan birisi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1913\u2019te Paris\u2019te bir araya gelen ilk Arap Kongresi\u2019nde, Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki idari yap\u0131y\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan Arap reformistler, kongrenin sonu\u00e7 bildirgesinde Ermenilerin adem-i merkeziyet talepleriyle dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtirler. Bu maddenin neden ve nas\u0131l o bildirgeden yer alabildi\u011fini halen net olarak bilmiyoruz. Fakat \u015eule Can\u2019\u0131n kitaptaki makalesinde, bu t\u00fcr siyasi ittifaklar\u0131n yerel d\u00fczeyde de kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Can\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, H\u0131n\u00e7aklar\u0131n \u00f6nemli liderlerinden A\u011fasi, baz\u0131 Arap Alevilerin Antakya\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fcte yaln\u0131zca destek vermediklerini, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcye olduklar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yor hat\u0131rat\u0131nda. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 makaleden Samanda\u011f\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015firetlerinden Cillilerin de H\u0131n\u00e7aklarla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu ve hatta 1909\u2019da b\u00f6lgedeki katliam\u0131n ard\u0131ndan birlikte Antakya\u2019da sosyalist bir devlet kurma plan\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. 1915\u2019te Ermenilerin me\u015fhur Musa Da\u011f Direni\u015fi\u2019ne de Samanda\u011f\u2019daki Arap Alevilerin lojistik destek verdi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Kitapta Arap milliyet\u00e7ileri ile Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki gerginli\u011fe dair de \u00f6nemli k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131 bulunuyor. \u00d6yle ki, \u201cHer Suriyeli bilmelidir ki Ermenilerin tehditk\u00e2r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye devam ederse, Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan art\u0131k \u2018Ermenistan\u2019 olarak an\u0131lacakt\u0131r\u201d deniliyor. Bunda Ermenilerin Frans\u0131z y\u00f6netimine yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bug\u00fcn de etkili olan m\u00fclteci d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkili mi? Bug\u00fcn n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fclteci olan Suriyeliler aras\u0131ndaki milliyet\u00e7ilerin o d\u00f6nem m\u00fclteci olan Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 besledikleri d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131kta ba\u015fka hangi ifadeler kullan\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Victoria Abrahamyan\u2019\u0131n kitaptaki makalesinde belirtti\u011fi gibi, 1919\u2019un ard\u0131ndan Suriye\u2019de kurulan Frans\u0131z manda rejiminin Araplar ile Ermenilerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak milli kimlik in\u015fa etmesindeki etkisi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck. Bu ba\u011flamda, elbette ki, Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi i\u00e7in Ta\u015fnaklar\u0131n Suriye\u2019deki Ermenilerin kaderini tamamen Frans\u0131z manda g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselen m\u00fclteci nefretinde pay\u0131 var, fakat bunu a\u015fan bir durum s\u00f6z konusu. Suriye\u2019de Frans\u0131z manda idaresi ve Milletler Cemiyeti, \u00fclkedeki kendi misyonlar\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak ve g\u00fcvenilir ve kendilerine sad\u0131k bir n\u00fcfus grubu olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in Ermenileri demografik ve siyasi anlamda kullan\u0131yor. Parlamentonun Fransa yanl\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Ermenilere se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131 veriliyor, yeni Ermeni m\u00fcltecilerin iskan\u0131na karar veriyor ve nihayetinde Ermeniler vatanda\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Arap milliyet\u00e7iler de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriyeli m\u00fclteci kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6yleme \u00e7ok benzer bir diskur geli\u015ftiriyorlar. Buna g\u00f6re, Ermeniler misafir olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, kaynaklar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fcklerine inan\u0131l\u0131yor ve nihayetinde Suriye topraklar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Ermenistan kurulaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6ylemler, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tehlikeli boyutlara ula\u015f\u0131yor ve 1925\u2019teki Suriye\u2019deki Fransa kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 isyanda Ermenilerin Frans\u0131z yanl\u0131s\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ve isyan\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131klar\u0131 dedikodular\u0131 \u015eam\u2019da m\u00fclteci kamp\u0131nda 50 kadar Ermeni\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya zemin haz\u0131rl\u0131yor. Halbuki Abrahamyan\u2019\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6\u011freniyoruz ki, her zamanki gibi ger\u00e7ekler bu m\u00fclteci kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylentilerle uyu\u015fmuyor. Asl\u0131nda, Frans\u0131z kuvvetleri i\u00e7indeki Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a az ve Ermenilerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 isyana destek veriyorlar.<\/p>\n

Sadece Arap toplumuna y\u00f6nelik de\u011fil, Arap\u00e7a \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara, birincil kaynaklara da uzun s\u00fcren bir ilgisizlik bulunuyor. Bunun nedeni ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bunun T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6zelinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve pratik sebebi Arap\u00e7a bilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir hayli az olmas\u0131. Fakat bu pratik sebebi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bile, genel olarak Orta Do\u011fu tarih\u00e7ilerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n politik karakterinin \u00f6nemli bir engel oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Zira \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir s\u00fcre, soyk\u0131r\u0131m Orta Do\u011fu tarihini ele alan kitaplarda \u00f6nemli bir yer i\u015fgal edemedi. Fakat son d\u00f6nemdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar g\u00f6steriyor ki, soyk\u0131r\u0131m art\u0131k daha genel bir perspektiften ele al\u0131n\u0131yor ve Arap\u00e7a kaynaklar bu anlamda kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Kitapta Hamit Bozarslan ve Rashid Khalidi\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 analizler veya Victoria Abrahamyan veya Samuel Dolbee\u2019nin makaleleri gibi b\u00f6lgenin tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan kurtulan Ermenileri \u00f6zne olarak konumland\u0131ran \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bu anlamda ufkumuzu geni\u015fletti\u011fini ve benzerlerinin daha net bir foto\u011frafa sahip olmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

Kitapta \u00f6nemli pek \u00e7ok birincil kaynak da ilk kez T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcstelik ilgin\u00e7 konulardan biri, 1915\u2019in imparatorlu\u011fun di\u011fer unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini yok edilme tehdidi alt\u0131nda hissetmelerini g\u00f6stermesi. Pontuslu Rumlar\u0131n Ankara g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015flerine neden olarak Maliye Vekili Hasan Fehmi Bey\u2019in Ermeni tehcirini g\u00f6stermesi gibi \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in o\u011flu Faysal\u2019\u0131n da bu korkuyu i\u015faret etmesi gibi. 1915 Arap toplumu i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir k\u0131r\u0131lma yarat\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Faysal, Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta Araplara y\u00f6nelik sert politikalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Araplar\u0131n art\u0131k T\u00fcrklerden korktu\u011funu belirttikten sonra a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u2018Milletimin Ermeniler gibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemem\u2019 diyor. Genel olarak bir\u00e7ok Arap entelekt\u00fcelinin Faysal\u2019\u0131n hissetti\u011fi korkuyu hissetti\u011fini \u00e7ok net olarak g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Nora Arissian\u2019\u0131n kitaptaki makalesinde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca Faysal de\u011fil bir\u00e7ok Arap ileri geleni yap\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Halil Cibran, Ermenilere yap\u0131lan\u0131n Suriye\u2019de oldu\u011funu ve Ermenilerin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la, L\u00fcbnanl\u0131lar\u0131n ise k\u0131tl\u0131kla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini not d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor bir mektubuna. Elbette ki, bu korkuyu do\u011furan Araplara ve Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 genel olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen politikan\u0131n niteliksel benzerlikleri. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda tutuklanan Ermeni entelekt\u00fceller s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yolunda cinayetlere kurban giderlerken, Cemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanan Arap reformistler \u015eam ve Beyrut meydanlar\u0131nda kurulan dara\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131nda as\u0131ld\u0131lar. Y\u00fcz binlerce Ermeni, kafileler halinde zorla imparatorlu\u011fun gu\u0308ney b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6nderilirken, siyasi n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 ve faaliyetleri olmayan be\u015f bin Arap ailesi de politik sebepler gerek\u00e7esiyle Anadolu i\u00e7lerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildiler. Seferberlik, Ermeniler i\u00e7in erkeklerin askerlik bahanesiyle al\u0131n\u0131p katledilmeleri demekti; Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki Araplar i\u00e7in ise kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak a\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131lmak, korkun\u00e7 bir k\u0131tl\u0131k ve deh\u015fet verici bir \u00e7ekirge istilas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geldi. Fakat yine de bunun t\u00fcm Arap entelekt\u00fceller i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini not d\u00fc\u015fmek gerekir. Watenpaugh\u2019nun konu etti\u011fi Arap tarih\u00e7ilerin veya Fransa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen anti-emperyalist m\u00fccadeleye \u00f6nderlik eden baz\u0131 Arap milliyet\u00e7ilerinin Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk-Arap \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015ftan sonra da t\u00fckenmedi\u011fini veya Mustafa Kemal\u2019in T\u00fcrkiyesi\u2019yle bir i\u015f birli\u011finin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funa dair bir siyasi vizyona sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Bu ba\u011flamda, Milli M\u00fccadele d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk ve Arap milliyet\u00e7ilerinin dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Manda Suriyesi\u2019nde bile \u00f6zellikle Halep \u00fczerindeki siyasi etkisi dikkate de\u011fer hususlar.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/fail-mi-kurtarici-mi-araplar-1915te-ne-yapti-haber-1543539<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun derledi\u011fi ‘Araplar\u0131n 1915’i: Soyk\u0131r\u0131m-Kimlik-Co\u011frafya’ \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu ile kitab\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk. Google Haberlere Abone ol Serdar Korucu DUVAR –\u00a0Araplar ve Ermeniler ili\u015fkisi, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcne az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konulardan biri. Stanford \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan kitab\u0131 ‘Araplar\u0131n 1915’i bu alandaki akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":66002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,54,71,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nFail mi kurtar\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131: Araplar 1915'te ne yapt\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=66001\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fail mi kurtar\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131: Araplar 1915'te ne yapt\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun derledi\u011fi ‘Araplar\u0131n 1915’i: Soyk\u0131r\u0131m-Kimlik-Co\u011frafya’ \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu ile kitab\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk. Google Haberlere Abone ol Serdar Korucu DUVAR –\u00a0Araplar ve Ermeniler ili\u015fkisi, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcne az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konulardan biri. 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