{"id":65987,"date":"2021-12-01T03:08:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T08:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=65987"},"modified":"2021-12-01T03:08:01","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T08:08:01","slug":"coraklasan-topraklar-antakya-iskenderun-ve-mersinde-varlik-vergisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=65987","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7orakla\u015fan Topraklar: Antakya, \u0130skenderun ve Mersin\u2019de Varl\u0131k Vergisi"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-141a3a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"141a3a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53541bf\" data-id=\"53541bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789749d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"789749d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<article id=\"post-2426\" class=\"blog-post post-2426 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-tarih\">\n<footer><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-65988\" src=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Varl\u0131k-Vergisi-360x184.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/12\/Varl\u0131k-Vergisi-360x184.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/12\/Varl\u0131k-Vergisi-768x392.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/12\/Varl\u0131k-Vergisi-560x286.jpeg 560w, https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/12\/Varl\u0131k-Vergisi-260x133.jpeg 260w, https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/12\/Varl\u0131k-Vergisi-160x82.jpeg 160w, https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/12\/Varl\u0131k-Vergisi.jpeg 1010w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/footer>\n<footer class=\"post-footer\"><strong><span class=\"post-author\"><a title=\"Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu - Mi\u015fel Uyar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131lar\" href=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/author\/emrecan-misel\/\" rel=\"author\">Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu &#8211; Mi\u015fel Uyar<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/footer>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a9c53d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a9c53d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16182de\" data-id=\"16182de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f529ede elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f529ede\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong><em>\u201cBiz T\u00fcrk\u00fcz, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fcz ve daima T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc kalaca\u011f\u0131z. Bizim i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u00a0bir kan meselesi oldu\u011fu kadar ve laakal o kadar [bir o kadar] bir vicdan ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr meselesidir. (\u2026) Biz ne saray\u0131n, ne sermayenin, ne de s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n saltanat\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz. \u0130stedi\u011fimiz sadece T\u00fcrk milletinin hakimiyetidir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu c\u00fcmleleri, d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu 5 A\u011fustos 1942\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay \u00f6nce kurdu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin program\u0131n\u0131 okurken TBMM k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnde sarf etmi\u015fti. Bu konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k iki ay sonra Sara\u00e7o\u011flu h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Cumhuriyet tarihinin en \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131ndan birine imza atacakt\u0131. 11 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de, TBMM Genel Kurulu\u2019na getirilen Varl\u0131k Vergisi Kanunu oybirli\u011fiyle kabul edilecek ve ertesi g\u00fcn Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girecekti. Vergi, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n zorlu ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergileme\u201dyi ve \u201cstok\u00e7ulu\u011fu, karaborsac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitirme\u201dyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Verginin kimden ne kadar tahsil edilece\u011fine ise illerde ve il\u00e7elerde kurulan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z komisyonlar belirleyecekti. Komisyonlar, yerel e\u015fraf ve b\u00fcrokratlardan olu\u015facakt\u0131. Kanuna g\u00f6re, bu komisyonlar\u0131n kararlar\u0131 nihai ve kati olacakt\u0131. Bu kararlar\u0131 takiben 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde verginin \u00f6denmesi gerekiyordu. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde vergisini \u00f6demeyen m\u00fckelleflere gecikme zamm\u0131 uygulanacak ve e\u011fer bu zaml\u0131 vergiyi \u00f6demezler ise bir ay\u0131n sonunda mallar\u0131 haczedilerek icra yoluyla sat\u0131lacakt\u0131. Kanun, bu sat\u0131\u015ftan sonra dahi bor\u00e7lu olan m\u00fckelleflerin genel hizmetlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bedenen \u00f6demelerini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Kanun ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde e\u015fitlik\u00e7i g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u0130stanbul Defterdar\u0131 Faik \u00d6kte\u2019nin ilk ve tek bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 1951\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0<em>Varl\u0131k Vergisi Facias\u0131<\/em>kitab\u0131nda aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Ankara\u2019dan yollanan gizli damgal\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da, \u201csava\u015ftan dolay\u0131 kazan\u0131lan fevkalade kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 bilhassa ekalliyetlerin [az\u0131nl\u0131klar] elde etti\u011fi\u201d ve \u201cbu kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n tespitinde ekalliyetlerin ayr\u0131 bir cetvelde g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fi\u201d belirtilmi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00d6kte, cetvellerin M ve G olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve M\u2019nin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131, G\u2019nin ise gayrim\u00fcslimleri temsil etti\u011fini yazar. Daha sonra cetvellere ge\u00e7mi\u015fte din de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olanlar anlam\u0131nda \u201cd\u00f6nmeler\u201d i\u00e7in D ve \u201cecnebiler\u201di temsilen E harfleri de kat\u0131lacakt\u0131. Bu \u015fekilde kategorilendirilen cetvellerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan komisyonlar\u0131n koydu\u011fu vergiler, m\u00fckelleflerin varl\u0131klar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca de\u011fil, kulaktan dolma bilgiler, tahminler, yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler ve komisyondaki isimlerin ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda belirlenmi\u015fti. \u00d6kte\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu verginin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kondu\u011fu g\u00fcnler, Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ufukta parlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler\u201ddi ve bu keyfiyete yol a\u00e7an sebeplerden biri de bundan kaynakl\u0131 \u201c\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201dt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00d6kte ve Varl\u0131k Vergisi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan Ayhan Aktar\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi, Ba\u015fbakan Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019nun emriyle \u201cgayrim\u00fcslimlere di\u011ferlerinden bazen on kat daha fazla Varl\u0131k Vergisi borcu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u201d. R\u0131dvan Akar, gayrim\u00fcslimlerin en yoksul kesimlerine de belirli oranda vergi uygulan\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 meslek grubundan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n vergiden muaf tutuldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir. Nihayetinde, 1944\u2019te kanun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Aktar\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 tabloya g\u00f6re, t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 83\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc gayrim\u00fcslimler, y\u00fczde 7\u2019sini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve geriye kalan y\u00fczde 10\u2019unu da az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u201cd\u00f6nmeler ve ecnebiler\u201d \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemde gayrim\u00fcslimlerin vergi borcunu \u00f6demek i\u00e7in sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onlardan icra yoluyla elde edilen gayrimenkuller, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman zenginlere ve devlet kurumlar\u0131na h\u0131zla sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla icra edilen e\u015fyalar da sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Vergi borcunu \u00f6deyemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Ocak-Aral\u0131k 1943 tarihlerinde A\u015fkale (Erzurum) ve Sivrihisar\u2019daki (Eski\u015fehir) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na 1400 gayrim\u00fcslim m\u00fckellef g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Genellikle gayrim\u00fcslimlerle ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 sebebiyle y\u00fcksek vergi borcu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve bu miktarlar\u0131 \u00f6deyemeyen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fckellefler ise \u00d6kte\u2019nin direnci sayesinde kamplara g\u00f6nderilmekten kurtulmu\u015ftu. Aktar\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, gayrim\u00fcslim m\u00fckellefler A\u015fkale\u2019de Trabzon-\u0130ran transit karayolundaki karlar\u0131 temizlemi\u015f, Erzurum\u2019da \u015fehrin sokaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve Sivrihisar\u2019da yol in\u015faat\u0131nda ta\u015f k\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu zorunlu i\u015f\u00e7ilerden t\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130stanbullu olan 21 ki\u015fi de bu kamplarda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti. T\u00fcm bunlar g\u00f6steriyor ki, bu verginin esas amac\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gayrim\u00fcslimlerin Osmanl\u0131-Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan elinde kalan sermaye ve mallara \u201c\u00e7\u00f6kmek\u201d ve Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019nun kanunun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir CHP grup toplant\u0131s\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi gibi, \u201cT\u00fcrk piyasas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin eline vermek\u201dti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Antakya, \u0130skenderun ve Mersin\u2019de Varl\u0131k Vergisi<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-863f1b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"863f1b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef2f4c9\" data-id=\"ef2f4c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ce579a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image animated zoomIn\" data-id=\"0ce579a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large litespeed-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-768x1176.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-768x1176.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-669x1024.jpg 669w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-1003x1536.jpg 1003w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-1337x2048.jpg 1337w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-1140x1746.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-scaled-e1636611104978.jpg 1000w\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1176\" data-lazyloaded=\"1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-768x1176.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-768x1176.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-669x1024.jpg 669w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-1003x1536.jpg 1003w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-1337x2048.jpg 1337w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-1140x1746.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_00001-copy-scaled-e1636611104978.jpg 1000w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" data-was-processed=\"true\" \/><figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><em>15 Aral\u0131k 1942 tarihli Yenig\u00fcn gazetesi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d33ee69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d33ee69\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e3845c2\" data-id=\"e3845c2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5167228 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5167228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>Bu varl\u0131k transferinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Ayhan Aktar, R\u0131fat Bali ve R\u0131dvan Akar gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve Faik \u00d6kte\u2019nin an\u0131lar\u0131 sayesinde, en \u00e7ok m\u00fckellefe sahip \u0130stanbul\u2019da verginin uygulamas\u0131 \u00fczerine bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok detayl\u0131 bilgiye sahibiz. Peki \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki vergi uygulamalar\u0131 buradaki n\u00fcfusu nas\u0131l etkiledi? Maalesef, bu verginin 1940\u2019larda halen belirli oranda gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusa sahip Mersin ve Antakya ve \u00e7evresindeki b\u00f6lgelerde nas\u0131l uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u00e7ok az \u015fey biliniyor. Biz de ailemize ve b\u00f6lgedeki yak\u0131n \u00e7evremize bu vergiden bahsetti\u011fimizde pek bilgi alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 itiraf etmeliyiz. Bilgisi olanlar da yaln\u0131zca belirli ailelerden b\u00f6yle bir vergi al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliyorlar. Asl\u0131nda bu yaz\u0131, b\u00f6lgede bu vergiye dair haf\u0131zay\u0131 g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk k\u0131sm\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilir. B\u00f6ylece, bu yaz\u0131da ismi ge\u00e7enlerin ailelerine veya bu konuda bilgileri olanlara bize ula\u015fabilmeleri i\u00e7in bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f olal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>Nihayetinde, bu konudaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Antakya ve \u00e7evresinde Varl\u0131k Vergisi uygulamalar\u0131yla ilgili \u015eahin Yedek\u2019in makalesine ile Yakup Kal\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcksek lisans tezine rastlad\u0131k. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, bu verginin Mersin\u2019de nas\u0131l uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair ise Erdem \u00c7anak imzal\u0131 bir makale ile \u015eekip Alpsoy\u2019un y\u00fcksek lisans tezi mevcut. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Antakya\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0Yenig\u00fcn\u00a0gazetesi ile Mersin\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0Yeni Mersin\u00a0gazetelerine, ar\u015fiv belgelerine ve b\u00f6lgede yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yaslan\u0131yor ve farkl\u0131 saiklerle \u2013 Alpsoy\u2019unki hari\u00e7 \u2013 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsalar bile verginin Antakya ve \u00e7evresi ile Mersin\u2019deki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve haks\u0131z uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki vergi uygulamalar\u0131na ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bahsedilen vergi miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131n fiyat\u0131na endekslemenin, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferini bulmaya de\u011fil ama bu maddi y\u00fck\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz. 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1 Re\u015fat alt\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 33 lirayken, \u015fu anki de\u011ferinin neredeyse 3 bin 700 lira oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vergi tahakkuk bedellerinin her birini 110\u2019la \u00e7arparak devletin bir ay i\u00e7inde \u00f6denmesini istedi\u011fi bedellerin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir nebze fikir sahibi olabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Antakya<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yedek ve Kal\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Hatay\u2019da Varl\u0131k Vergisi alt\u0131 b\u00f6lgede tahakkuk ediliyor: Antakya (Samanda\u011f\u2019\u0131 ve Harbiye\u2019yi de kaps\u0131yor), Hassa, Yaylada\u011f\u0131, \u0130skenderun, K\u0131r\u0131khan ve Reyhaniye (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla Reyhanl\u0131). 20 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de, bu b\u00f6lgelerde Varl\u0131k Vergisi m\u00fckelleflerini ve miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan vergi komisyonlar\u0131, 6 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tamaml\u0131yor ve nihayetinde Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan al\u0131nan onay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 15 Aral\u0131k 1942\u2019de vergi daireleri ve \u015fehrin belirli yerlerine as\u0131larak ilan ediliyor. Bu listelere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en fazla n\u00fcfusa sahip 38. ili olmas\u0131na (1940 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re) ra\u011fmen, Hatay \u00fc\u00e7 milyon liradan fazla vergi borcuyla en \u00e7ok vergi tahakkuk edilen 7. vilayet oluyor. 1944 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde bu bedelin y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n tahsil edildi\u011fi ve bu b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrkiye genelinde y\u00fczde 75\u2019i bulan tahsilat ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine ula\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerdeki Varl\u0131k Vergisi listelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi bu listelerde de ilk g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan, tabii ki gayrim\u00fcslim m\u00fckelleflerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve onlardan tahsil edilmesi ama\u00e7lanan vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131. Fakat yine de Antakya\u2019n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusunun (S\u00fcnni ve Alevi) da vergiden y\u00fcksek oranda pay\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. Antakya\u2019da toplam 229 ki\u015fiye 842 bin 750 lira vergi tahakkuk edilirken, bu miktar\u0131n 300 bin liras\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na Yahudi Binhas \u015eayal Kebbudi\u2019ye (Kebudi) kesilir. Listeye g\u00f6re, Binhas \u015eayal\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kebudi ailesinden be\u015f farkl\u0131 isme (Azar Kebudi ve karde\u015fi, Abdo Kebudi, \u0130shak ve \u015ealum Kebbudi) daha belirli miktarlarda vergi tahakkuk edilir. Bu bor\u00e7lar, Kebudi ailesinin Antakya\u2019daki toplam verginin \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bu oran\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in, Binhas \u015eayal\u2019dan sonra en \u00e7ok vergi tahakkuk edilen Rasim Adal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n vergi borcunun 35 bin lira oldu\u011funu not etmek gerekir. Zaten Binhas \u015eayal Kebbudi, bu bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6demedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle nihayetinde kendini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131nda bulacakt\u0131r. \u00d6kte\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Kebbudi, borcunu \u00f6demek i\u00e7in, sahip oldu\u011fu depolar\u0131 i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlere satmak i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015f ve bu paray\u0131 denkle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul Defterdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u015fvurarak bir ay s\u00fcre talep etmi\u015ftir. Fakat Antakya Defterdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kebbudi\u2019nin sekizden fazla \u00e7ocu\u011funu Antakya\u2019da b\u0131rakmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen e\u015fiyle \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmesini ka\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak kabul etmi\u015f ve istedi\u011fi s\u00fcreyi ona vermemi\u015ftir. Depolar\u0131 satmak istedi\u011fi \u015firketlerin, Kebbudi\u2019nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zor durumun fark\u0131na varmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fclkleri daha ucuza almak i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri uzatmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Binhas \u015eayal \u0130stanbul\u2019daki kampa al\u0131n\u0131p A\u015fkale\u2019ye sevk edilir. 5 \u015eubat 1943 tarihli\u00a0<em>Yenig\u00fcn<\/em>\u00a0gazetesi haberine g\u00f6re, Binhas \u015eayal yaln\u0131z de\u011fildir, onunla birlikte babas\u0131 da A\u015fkale\u2019ye sevk edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Listenin ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7eken bir di\u011fer isim ise bug\u00fcn Sayek (siyaset\u00e7i Selin Sayek B\u00f6ke\u2019nin mensubu) olarak an\u0131lan Arap-\/Rum-Ortodoks Say\u0131\u011f ailesinden \u0130lyas Sayi\u011f\u2019dir. Sayi\u011f\u2019e burada ve \u0130skenderun\u2019da ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 5 bin lira vergi tahakkuk edilirken, Antakya\u2019da en y\u00fcksek miktarda vergi kesilen Arap-\/Rum-Ortodoks, \u015fehrin \u00fcnl\u00fc doktorlar\u0131ndan Alber Beyluni olur. Beyluni, 1938\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Hatay Devleti\u2019nin ilan\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kurdu\u011fu \u0130ttihat-\u0131 Anas\u0131r Cemiyeti vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, d\u0131\u015f siyasete kar\u0131\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki unsurlar\u0131n birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015f bir isim. B\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Beyluni, 1939\u2019da Hatay\u2019\u0131n iltihak\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Halep\u2019e gider, fakat T\u00fcrkiye muhaliflerine \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi aff\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Antakya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6ner. Kal\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Semiramis Kuseyri\u2019den aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Beyluni Varl\u0131k Vergisi kapsam\u0131nda kendisine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 17 bin liral\u0131k borcu \u00f6deyemez ve A\u015fkale\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilir. \u015eunu belirtelim, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz farkl\u0131 yerel kaynaklar bu iddian\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu teyit edemediler.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu vergi oldu\u011funda mesele sadece siyasi tutum olmayacakt\u0131r. Zira Beyluni\u2019den farkl\u0131 olarak Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunan ve Hatay Devleti Meclisi\u2019nde g\u00f6rev alan Arap-\/Rum-Ortodoks Basil Huri de 5 bin liral\u0131k vergi tahakkukuyla listede \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131r. \u015eehrin baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman se\u00e7kinlerinin Huri\u2019yle ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015fmas\u0131 da ilgin\u00e7 bir husus. \u00d6rne\u011fin, vergiden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Hatay Devleti Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Abd\u00fclgani T\u00fcrkmen\u2019e ve e\u015fine 5 bin 500 liral\u0131k bir vergi borcu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu bor\u00e7tan daha fazla \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olan nokta ise T\u00fcrkmen\u2019in o s\u0131rada halen Hatay milletvekili olarak Meclis\u2019te olmas\u0131. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir ki T\u00fcrkmen, vergi kanunun oyland\u0131\u011f\u0131 11 Kas\u0131m 1942 tarihli Genel Kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131na hasta oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine de b\u00f6yle bir verginin ona tahakkuk edilmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olsa da nihayetinde T\u00fcrkmen\u2019in bu borcu \u00f6deyip \u00f6demedi\u011fini bilmiyoruz. Listede T\u00fcrkmen gibi T\u00fcrkiye yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumuyla bilinen Arap Alevi Alaeddin Cilli de yer almaktad\u0131r. Samanda\u011f\u2019\u0131n etkili ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahibi Cilli a\u015firetinin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Alaeddin Cilli\u2019ye de 3 bin lira vergi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Yine Arap Alevilerden Abdulla Gali 8 bin liral\u0131k ve Selim ve Re\u015fit Cezayirli de 25 bin liral\u0131k vergi borcuyla listede \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0130skenderun<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130skenderun b\u00f6lgesindeki listeye g\u00f6re ise toplamda 167 ki\u015fiye 1 milyon 20 bin 200 lira vergi tahakkuk edilir. Antakya\u2019dan farkl\u0131 olarak \u0130skenderun gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusun daha yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fehirdir. Zaten Yedek\u2019in makalesine g\u00f6re, buradaki vergi m\u00fckelleflerinin en az 53\u2019\u00fc gayrim\u00fcslimdir. Listede ilk s\u0131rada 207 bin 500 lirayla vergi borcuyla Levanten Josef Katoni (Joseph Catoni) bulunmaktad\u0131r. Katoniler, 1840\u2019larda \u0130skenderun\u2019a yerle\u015fen \u0130talya k\u00f6kenli bir aile. \u00d6zellikle 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130skenderun Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde etkili Akdeniz ticaretinde bu ailenin \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu biliniyor. Bug\u00fcn \u0130skenderun sahilinde metruk halde bulunan yal\u0131n\u0131n sahibi olan Katoni ailesinin son ferdi Augustine\u2019in 1969\u2019da vefat etmesiyle bu \u015fehirdeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015f olsa da, aile hala T\u00fcrkiye ve b\u00f6lgede gemi ticareti yapmaktad\u0131r. Ailenin bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli liman \u015fehri olan Mersin\u2019de de mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu yine vergi listelerinden \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Zira burada \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00fcksek bedelli bor\u00e7 yetmemi\u015f olacak ki, Jozef Katoni\u2019ye Mersin\u2019de de 75 bin liral\u0131k vergi kesilmi\u015f. \u0130skenderun listesinin ikinci s\u0131ras\u0131nda ise 41 bin 600 lirayla Hatay Ya\u011flar\u0131 \u015eirketi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eirketin sahibi Yunanistan vatanda\u015f\u0131 Rum Ortodoks Strati Glyptis\u2019tir. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Antakya\u2019daki fahri konsolosu olan Glyptis, Varl\u0131k Vergisi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc bir \u015fekilde atlatsa da, 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yunanistan tebaas\u0131ndan Rumlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca Yunanistan\u2019a gitmek zorunda kalacak ve bu \u015firketin hisselerini Cor\u00e7 Zarif\u2019e satacakt\u0131r. Listede \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131ray\u0131 ise 40 bin 500 liral\u0131k vergi bedeliyle kat\u0131l\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde Suriye yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutum alan Arap Alevi Abd\u00fclgani Cezayirli al\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 aileden Mehmet Cezayirli\u2019ye de 5 bin 500 lira vergi tahakkuk edilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-05fb1d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"05fb1d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dda3d99\" data-id=\"dda3d99\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20f3620 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image animated zoomIn\" data-id=\"20f3620\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large litespeed-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Augustine-Catoni.jpeg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Augustine-Catoni.jpeg 461w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Augustine-Catoni-251x300.jpeg 251w\" alt=\"\" width=\"461\" height=\"550\" data-lazyloaded=\"1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Augustine-Catoni.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Augustine-Catoni.jpeg 461w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Augustine-Catoni-251x300.jpeg 251w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" data-was-processed=\"true\" \/><figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><em>Augustine Catoni (soldan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc) &#8211; Kaynak: Levantine Heritage-Eda Ka\u00e7ar \u00d6zmutaf Ar\u015fivi.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-991a400 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"991a400\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>\u0130skenderun listesinde dikkat \u00e7eken bir unsur olarak Arap-\/Rum-Ortodokslara tahakkuk edilen y\u00fcksek vergi bedellerinden bahsedebiliriz. Aile-isim bilgilerine g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 ki\u015finin Arap-\/Rum-Ortodoks oldu\u011funu tahmin ediyoruz. Bu ba\u011flamda, listede en \u00e7ok ismi ge\u00e7en aile Sayi\u011fler (Sayek). Varl\u0131k Vergisi kapsam\u0131nda, Sayek ailesinden sekiz ki\u015fiye (Kayseme Sayi\u011f, Edvar Sayi\u011f, Corc Sayi\u011f, Kozma Sayi\u011f, Cemile Sayi\u011f, \u0130lyas Sayi\u011f, Zondi Sayi\u011f ve Zandi Sayi\u011f) toplam 96 bin lira vergi tahakkuk edilir. Kal\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tezinde Teyfik ve Can Sayek\u2019ten aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 detaylar var. Babalar\u0131 Edvar Sayi\u011f\u2019in o d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na dair anlatt\u0131klar\u0131, verginin arkas\u0131ndaki siyasi motivasyonu ve uygulaman\u0131n keyfili\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Bu anlat\u0131lara g\u00f6re Sayi\u011f, vergi d\u00f6neminde bir g\u00fcn trende seyahat ederken Ankara\u2019dan birine tesad\u00fcf eder ve kendisine tarh edilen 20 bin liral\u0131k verginin servetinin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011fundan dert yanar. Bunun \u00fczerine, Ankara\u2019dan gelen ki\u015fi, Sayi\u011f\u2019e ismini sorar ve \u201cEnver\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Bu ismi duyan Ankaral\u0131 beyefendi, Sayi\u011f\u2019e \u201cbu i\u015fte bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k oldu\u011funu\u201d ve \u201cbu isimde birine \u00e7ok fazla [vergi] tahakkuk etmemeleri gerekti\u011fini\u201d s\u00f6yler. Fakat t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki vergi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurunca bu i\u015fte bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yoktur ve Sayi\u011f de bu y\u00fcksek vergi borcunu bir \u015fekilde \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 m\u00fclklerini elden \u00e7\u0131karan Sayi\u011f, borcun geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek i\u00e7in Ziraat Bankas\u0131\u2019ndan y\u00fcksek faizle kredi talebinde bulunur. Teyfik ve Can Sayek\u2019in aktard\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, kredinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gecikince, bir sabah Edvar Sayi\u011f, polis e\u015fli\u011finde Kaymakaml\u0131k\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Vergisini \u00f6deyemeyen di\u011fer \u0130skenderunlu gayrim\u00fcslimler de orada toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradakilerin A\u015fkale\u2019deki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenirler. Bir \u015fekilde kaymakamla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalayan Sayi\u011f, onu kredi ba\u015fvurular\u0131 onaylanana kadar s\u00fcre vermeye ikna eder ve A\u015fkale\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmelerine engel olur. Sayeklerin bu anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<em>Yenig\u00fcn\u00a0<\/em>gazetesinde 28 Ocak 1943\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kan bir haber do\u011frular. Bu habere g\u00f6re, Hatay\u2019da vergisini \u00f6demeyen m\u00fckellefler 27 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, birka\u00e7\u0131 burada borcunu \u00f6der ve geriye kalan 20 civar\u0131nda ki\u015fi bir s\u00fcre daha g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutulur. Edvar Sayi\u011f\u2019le birlikte o g\u00fcn g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan bir di\u011fer Arap-\/Rum-Ortodoks da \u0130lyas Ezrak\u2019t\u0131r. Ezrak, \u015fahs\u0131na kesilen 20 bin lira ve Nasri Gazel\u2019in vekili olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 10 bin lira vergiyle \u0130skenderun listesinde \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda al\u0131r. Basil Huri gibi Hatay Devleti mebuslu\u011fu yapm\u0131\u015f bir ba\u015fka Arap-\/Rum-Ortodoks Marsel Balit\u2019in de pay\u0131na bu vergiden 20 bin lira d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>K\u0131r\u0131khan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1915 \u00f6ncesinde b\u00f6lgedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck Ermeni n\u00fcfusuna sahip olan K\u0131r\u0131khan\u2019da tahakkuk edilen vergi miktar\u0131 toplamda 53 ki\u015fiye 750 bin lira olurken, en \u00e7ok vergi tahakkuk edilen ki\u015fi 400 bin lirayla Mustafa \u00c7anak\u00e7\u0131 olur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00c7anak\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n neden yaln\u0131zca K\u0131r\u0131khan\u2019da de\u011fil t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede en \u00e7ok vergi y\u00fcklenen isim oldu\u011funa dair net bir bilgimiz yok. Fakat vergi komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131karlar ve husumete g\u00f6re karar verdi\u011fi bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131nca, \u00c7anak\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da b\u00f6yle bir tutuma kurban gitti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. \u00c7anak\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n borcunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nca kalan 350 bin liran\u0131n en az 200 bini gayrim\u00fcslimlere (\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 Ermenilere) tahakkuk edilir. 50 binle Arnest Altunyan, 25 binle Viktor Esved (kendisine \u0130skenderun\u2019da da 25 bin lira vergi tahakkuk edilir), 20 binle Bedros Ke\u015fi\u015fyan, 15 binle Kevork Boduryan ve Versami \u015eirin, 11 binle Kirkor G\u00f6k\u00e7eo\u011flu ve 10 binle Artin Bo\u011faciyan listede ilk s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu isimlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni bir m\u00fckellef dikkate \u015fayand\u0131r: Ha\u00e7adur Karabacakyan (Karabacako\u011flu). B\u00f6lgede Ha\u00e7adur A\u011fa olarak bilinen Karabacakyan, Antakya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrkiye yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumuyla \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar ve Hatay Devleti Meclisi\u2019nde K\u0131r\u0131khan temsilcisi olarak yer al\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Ankara\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden Hatay Devleti heyetinde yer alan Karabacakyan, burada gazetelere \u201cErmenilerle T\u00fcrkleri ay\u0131ran\u0131n din oldu\u011funu\u201d ve \u201ckendilerini de T\u00fcrk kabul ettiklerini\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klar. Fakat bu tutumu dahi Karabacakyan\u2019\u0131 bir zamanlar bor\u00e7 verdi\u011fi komisyon \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek vergiden kurtaramayacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk listede ye\u011feni Zadig\u2019le birlikte toplamda 30 bin lira vergi kesilen Ha\u00e7adur A\u011fa\u2019ya bu bedeli \u00f6dedikten sonra, d\u00fczeltilerle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ikinci listede bu kez 60 bin lira vergi y\u00fcklenir. Serdar Korucu\u2019nun aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Ha\u00e7adur A\u011fa \u00e7iftlik, han ve d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n\u0131 vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen komisyon \u00fcyelerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatlarla sat\u0131p borcunu kapat\u0131r ve yoksul bir \u015fekilde Halep\u2019teki doktor o\u011flunun yan\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Reyhanl\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kal\u0131\u00e7l\u0131 ve Yedek\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yer alan son liste Reyhanl\u0131\u2019ya ait. Bu b\u00f6lgede vergi tarh edilen tamam\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman 76 m\u00fckellef bulunmaktad\u0131r ve tahakkuk edilen toplam bedel ise 333 bin 590 lirad\u0131r (yani neredeyse Antakya\u2019daki Kebudi ailesine y\u00fcklenen vergi kadar!). \u00a0Toplam miktar, Reyhanl\u0131\u2019da m\u00fckelleflerin ekonomik durumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ne kadar hayret vericiyse, siyasi konumlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda bir o kadar da makul. Reyhanl\u0131, en verimli arazilerin oldu\u011fu Amik Ovas\u0131\u2019nda bulunan bir tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi. Bu ovaya 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan itibaren hakim olan ise \u201cAmik A\u011falar\u0131\u201d olarak bilinen Reyhanl\u0131 a\u015fireti. Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca b\u00f6lgenin ekonomisine ve siyasetine hakim olan M\u00fcrselzade (Mursalo\u011flu) ve T\u00fcrkmen aileleri de bu a\u015firete mensup. Bu ailelerden Tayfur S\u00f6kmen ile Abdullah ve Abdurrahman M\u00fcrselo\u011flu, ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lgenin I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1939\u2019a kadar s\u00fcren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ba\u011flanma m\u00fccadelesinin en \u00f6nde gelen isimleri. Hatay Devleti\u2019nin ilk ve tek Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Tayfur S\u00f6kmen, 1939\u2019dan sonra da Antalya milletvekili olarak TBMM\u2019de g\u00f6rev al\u0131rken, Abdullah M\u00fcrselo\u011flu da 1942 itibariyle Hatay milletvekili olarak Meclis\u2019te yer al\u0131r. Vergi kanununun oylamas\u0131na kat\u0131lmayan bu iki isimden S\u00f6kmen\u2019e yaln\u0131zca 1.500 lira vergi tarh edilirken, M\u00fcrselo\u011flu\u2019na tahakkuk edilen vergi onun \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131, yani 4 bin 500 lira. Verginin bu iki isme neden farkl\u0131 miktarlarda kesildi\u011fini maalesef ki bilmiyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Yine de bu iki ismin iktisadi varl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde vergilerin servetleri oran\u0131nda tahakkuk edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7. Nitekim toplamda 11 mensubuna 36 bin 500 lira vergi tarh edilen M\u00fcrselzadelerden Ne\u015fet Mursalo\u011flu da bizimle ayn\u0131 fikirde. Kal\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendisiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, Mursalo\u011flu, ailesinin durumunu hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplam vergi bedelinin az oldu\u011funu belirtir. Ancak, d\u00f6nemin iktidar partisi CHP\u2019nin esas g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bu vergiden yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra da\u011f\u0131lacak \u201ce\u015fraf-b\u00fcrokrat-a\u011fa koalisyonu\u201dndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u201cAmik A\u011falar\u0131\u201dna kesilen vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutulmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. Zira K\u0131r\u0131khan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Adana\u2019da, d\u00f6nemin Seyhan (Adana) Milletvekili Hilmi Uran, komisyonun \u015fehirdeki toprak a\u011falar\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlara \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan vergi bedellerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye \u00e7abalam\u0131\u015f ve \u201cHilmi Uran listesi\u201dnin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nihayetinde, R\u0131fat Bali\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Adana\u2019daki m\u00fckelleflerin y\u00fczde 5\u2019ini olu\u015fturan 47 Yahudi\u2019ye toplam vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 25\u2019inin tahakkuk edildi\u011fi bir tablo ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mersin<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c57daa5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c57daa5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2bd706\" data-id=\"d2bd706\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cea4ec6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image animated zoomIn\" data-id=\"cea4ec6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large litespeed-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2.jpg 747w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2-75x75.jpg 75w\" alt=\"\" width=\"747\" height=\"738\" data-lazyloaded=\"1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2.jpg 747w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nehna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/63336ba0-1aea-457b-801a-f6d5baba65c2-75x75.jpg 75w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px\" data-was-processed=\"true\" \/><figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><em>8 Aral\u0131k 1942 tarihli Yeni Mersin gazetesi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f56c31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f56c31\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cfe5b1e\" data-id=\"cfe5b1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-395f3ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"395f3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>Alpsoy ile \u00c7anak\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin yaln\u0131zca \u0130\u00e7el vilayetinin merkez il\u00e7esi Mersin\u2019de nas\u0131l uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair detayl\u0131 bilgiler mevcut. Burada vergi m\u00fckelleflerini ve tahakkuk bedellerini belirlemek \u00fczere toplanan alt\u0131 ki\u015filik komisyon 16 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de g\u00f6rev ba\u015flar ve 7 Aral\u0131k 1942\u2019de ilk listeler \u015fehrin belirli yerlerine as\u0131larak duyurulur. Bu listelerin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 6 milyon liray\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n vergi bedeli, 1940 itibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fcfusu en b\u00fcy\u00fck 31. vilayeti olan \u0130\u00e7el\u2019i en y\u00fcksek vergi tahakkuk edilen 6. \u015fehri yapar. Alpsoy\u2019un tespitine g\u00f6re, bu bedelin y\u00fczde 75\u2019i \u015fehir n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 1\u2019ini bile olu\u015fturmayan gayrim\u00fcslimlerin s\u0131rt\u0131na bindirilirken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fckellefler y\u00fczde 24\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Alpsoy\u2019un verdi\u011fi bu y\u00fczdelere yerel kaynaklara dayanarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc buraya not edelim. Son olarak, Mersin\u2019de toplam miktar\u0131n y\u00fczde 1\u2019i ise \u201cecnebiler ve d\u00f6nmeler\u201d kategorisinde say\u0131lan isimlere tahakkuk edilir. Kanun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fcm vilayette tahakkuk edilen verginin y\u00fczde 85\u2019i tahsil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Antakya ve \u00e7evresiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Mersin\u2019de ki\u015filere kesilen vergi bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek. Buradaki listenin ba\u015f\u0131nda sermayelerinin 40 kat\u0131 fazla olan 600 bin liral\u0131k vergi borcuyla Yahudi \u015ea\u015fo karde\u015fler ve \u015ea\u015fol Kohen bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu isimlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Alpsoy\u2019un Mersin Ticaret Odas\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan tespit etti\u011fine g\u00f6re, Mersin\u2019de bulunan elli Yahudi m\u00fckellefe toplamda 350 binden fazla vergi y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Toplamda ise Yahudi m\u00fckelleflere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan vergi borcu, bu m\u00fckelleflerin sahip oldu\u011fu sermayenin tam d\u00f6rt kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Listenin ilk s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer alan bir di\u011fer m\u00fckellef, yine 600 bin liral\u0131k vergiyle Naz\u0131m Gandur karde\u015fler. Ayn\u0131 aileden Mustafa ve Salah Gandur da 110 bin liral\u0131k vergi borcuyla listede \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda. Alpsoy, yine Ticaret Odas\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131na bakarak, \u0130skenderun listesinde de 25 bin lira borcu bulunan Naz\u0131m Gandur\u2019un Suriye\u2019den gelen S\u00fcryani bir aileye mensup oldu\u011funu belirtir. Alpsoy\u2019a g\u00f6re, 200 bin vergi borcu tahakkuk edilen Naz\u0131m Miskavi de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Suriye\u2019den Mersin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f bir S\u00fcryanidir. Fakat yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazarken bilgisine ba\u015fvurdu\u011fumuz yerel kaynaklar Gandurlar ve Miskavilerin Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman aileler oldu\u011funu aktard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Listede en \u00e7ok vergi tarh edilenler aras\u0131nda 370 bin liral\u0131k bedelle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada bulunan Mehmet ve \u015eefik Hariri\u2019nin de L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulunca, Varl\u0131k Vergisi bahsinde pek dikkat \u00e7ekmeyen bir durum \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. O da, Mersin\u2019de \u015fehrin liman ticaretinde 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana \u00f6nemli yer tutan Suriyeli ve L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 ailelerin ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek vergiye tabi tutulmalar\u0131. Bu ailelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yine Suriye\u2019den gelen Mehmet Akil\u2019e de Zeki Bilmen\u2019le ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 150 bin ve ba\u015fka bir ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 100 bin vergi kesilmesi, bu konudaki ku\u015fkular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kuvvetlendiriyor. Nitekim listede \u201cecnebi\u201d kategorisinde bulunan Suriyeli Abd\u00fclvehap Necati ve L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 Yakup \u0130zzettin\u2019e de sermayelerinin iki kat\u0131 oran\u0131nda 10 bin liral\u0131k vergi kesildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ayn\u0131 kategori alt\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131 devletleri vatanda\u015flar\u0131na ise ya sermayelerine oranla \u00e7ok c\u00fczi miktarlar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da hi\u00e7 vergi kesilmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan, \u015fehirdeki yerli H\u0131ristiyanlar ise adaletsiz vergi uygulamas\u0131ndan nasibini al\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan Mersin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Maruni bir aileden gelen sigortac\u0131 M\u00fclhem Selfun\u2019a sermayesinin alt\u0131 kat\u0131 oran\u0131nda 30 binlik vergi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 Jehan Barbur\u2019un ailesinden Arap-\/Rum-Ortodoks Fuat Barbur da 58 bin liral\u0131k vergi tahakkukuyla listenin \u00fcst s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan \u015fehrin T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlar\u0131na kesilen vergiler ise uygulaman\u0131n nas\u0131l tamamen keyfi kararlara ve ki\u015fisel ve siyasi ili\u015fkilere ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funa \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar. Mersin\u2019de de vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekle g\u00f6revli komisyonun \u00fcyeleri kendilerine sermaye bedelleri oran\u0131nda c\u00fczi say\u0131labilecek bor\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Komisyon \u00fcyelerinden Fuat Morel, 5 bin liral\u0131k sermayeye sahip iken bin lira vergi \u00f6der. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, 20 bin liral\u0131k sermaye sahibi Hamdi Ongun, komisyonda kendisine bin liral\u0131k vergi tarh ettirir.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Antakya ve \u00e7evresi ile Mersin\u2019deki vergi uygulamalar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki genel uygulamay\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla tekrar eden bir tablo g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Siyasi yak\u0131nl\u0131k, ki\u015fisel husumetler ve keyfiyet bu b\u00f6lgelerde de komisyonlar\u0131n kararlar\u0131n\u0131n esas belirleyeni olmu\u015ftur. Gayrim\u00fcslimlere sermayelerinden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oranda kesilen vergiler, burada M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara varl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha c\u00fczi oranda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Zira bu b\u00f6lgeler, 1940\u2019larda \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahip T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ender yerlerdir. Arap-\/Rum-Ortodokslar, Ermeniler, S\u00fcryaniler, Protestanlar, Latin Katolikler, Maruniler, Arap Aleviler, Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019da g\u00f6\u00e7en M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve Yahudiler 1940\u2019lara kadar kendilerini burada bir \u015fekilde var edebilmi\u015f, fakat bu tarihle birlikte ya\u015fanan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kay\u0131p h\u0131zlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vergi, b\u00f6lgeden ve \u00fclkeden g\u00f6\u00e7leri h\u0131zland\u0131ran bir fakt\u00f6r olur. Arap Aleviler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u015fu anda b\u00f6lgede sadece varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131smen hissedilen Arap-\/Rum-Ortodokslar kalm\u0131\u015f, Yahudi n\u00fcfusu ise maalesef ki onlu say\u0131larla ifade edilecek kadar azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Keza Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 ise birka\u00e7 y\u00fczden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7mezken, S\u00fcryaniler ise \u0130skenderun\u2019a Ad\u0131yaman ve Mardin\u2019den gelen birka\u00e7 aileyi saymazsak hi\u00e7 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durum bug\u00fcn bizi b\u00f6lgede kimli\u011finden yoksun \u015fehirlerle ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Antakya\u2019da Affan ve Zenginler mahallesini gezerken turistler yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fine hayran kal\u0131rlar; fakat o muhte\u015fem avlulu evleri yapan kimlerdi? Kimler otururdu? \u015eehrin g\u00fczelli\u011fini yaratanlardan kimler varlar? Bu sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 verebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle \u0130skenderun \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda sadece iki y\u00fcz metre yar\u0131\u00e7apl\u0131 bir daire \u00e7izersiniz. \u0130\u00e7ine bir sinagog ve alt\u0131 kilisenin s\u0131\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu dairede, maalesef ki, sadece turistler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok g\u00fczel yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar olmaktan \u00f6teye gitmeyen binalar kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Bu binalar\u0131n sahiplerinin \u00e7o\u011fu gittiler, gitmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar. Buna sebep olan politikan\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131 Varl\u0131k Vergisi. Hedef \u00fclkeyi ve sermayeyi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmekti. Ama\u00e7 has\u0131l oldu.<\/p>\n<p>* Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yaparken yard\u0131mlar\u0131na ve bilgilerine ba\u015fvurdu\u011fumuz Ayhan Aktar, \u0130brahim Beylunio\u011flu, Mahir Bi\u00e7er, \u015eule Can, Tamar Nalc\u0131 ve Yasmina \u015eelfun Lokmano\u011flu\u2019na \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yararlan\u0131lan kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ayhan Aktar,<\/strong> (der.)\u00a0Yorgo Hac\u0131dimitriadis\u2019in A\u015fkale-Erzurum G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (1943), \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2011.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0\u2014, Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve \u2018T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme\u2019 Politikalar\u0131, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Erdem \u00c7anak,<\/strong> \u2018Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve Mersin Uygulamas\u0131\u2019,\u00a0CB\u00dc Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi\u00a014, 1 (2016): 363-82.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Faik \u00d6kte,\u00a0<\/strong>Varl\u0131k Vergisi Facias\u0131, Nebio\u011flu Yay\u0131nevi, 1951.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>R\u0131dvan Akar,\u00a0<\/strong>A\u015fkale Yolcular\u0131: Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kamplar\u0131, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1996.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>R\u0131fat Bali,<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Yahudi Toplumlar\u0131ndan Geriye Kalanlar, Libra Kitap, 2016.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Serdar Korucu,\u00a0<\/strong>Sancak D\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc:\u00a0\u0130skenderun Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan Hatay\u2019a \u201cErmeni Meselesi\u201d, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u015eahin Yedek,<\/strong> \u2018Hatay\u2019da Varl\u0131k Vergisi Uygulamalar\u0131 (1942-1943)\u2019,\u00a0Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Dergisi\u00a036, 101 (2020): 163-202.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u015eekip Alpsoy,<\/strong> \u2018Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve \u0130\u00e7el\u2019deki Etkileri\u2019, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin \u00dcniversitesi, 2001.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Yakup Kal\u0131\u00e7l\u0131,<\/strong> \u2018Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve Uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131: Hatay \u00d6rne\u011fi\u2019, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Hatay Mustafa Kemal \u00dcniversitesi, 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Foto: Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Ar\u015fivinden<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>https:\/\/nehna.org\/coraklasan-topraklar-antakya-iskenderun-ve-mersinde-varlik-vergisi\/\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu &#8211; Mi\u015fel Uyar \u201cBiz T\u00fcrk\u00fcz, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fcz ve daima T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc kalaca\u011f\u0131z. Bizim i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u00a0bir kan meselesi oldu\u011fu kadar ve laakal o kadar [bir o kadar] bir vicdan ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr meselesidir. (\u2026) Biz ne saray\u0131n, ne sermayenin, ne de s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n saltanat\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz. \u0130stedi\u011fimiz sadece T\u00fcrk milletinin hakimiyetidir.\u201d Bu c\u00fcmleleri, d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu 5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":65988,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00c7orakla\u015fan Topraklar: Antakya, \u0130skenderun ve Mersin\u2019de Varl\u0131k Vergisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=65987\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c7orakla\u015fan Topraklar: Antakya, \u0130skenderun ve Mersin\u2019de Varl\u0131k Vergisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu &#8211; Mi\u015fel Uyar \u201cBiz T\u00fcrk\u00fcz, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fcz ve daima T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc kalaca\u011f\u0131z. Bizim i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u00a0bir kan meselesi oldu\u011fu kadar ve laakal o kadar [bir o kadar] bir vicdan ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr meselesidir. 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