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Burak Abatay & G\u00fcnce Akpamuk<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayan Yahudi t\u00fcccar Leon Bahar 1942\u2019de \u0130stanbul Valili\u011fi\u2019ne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta, \u201cPara ve servetten evvel vatan\u0131n selametini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015f bir ferdim\u201d diyordu Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019ne muhalefetini anlatacak zarif bir mektuba ba\u015flarken.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Bahar, o y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 binlerce gayrim\u00fcslimden biriydi.<\/p>\n \u201cV\u00fccudumdaki kan, verginin k\u0131ymetine tekab\u00fcl ederse feda olsun. Yeter ki bug\u00fcne kadar lekesiz ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fken arkama vatan vergisinden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f hain damgas\u0131 vurulmas\u0131n\u201d diyordu mektubunda.<\/p>\n Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeye kendisini \u2018yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verginin yeniden hesaplanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu yetkililerden.<\/p>\n Son d\u00f6nem Kul\u00fcp dizisiyle yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelen Varl\u0131k Vergisi, 11 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de kanunla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Peki, s\u00f6z konusu vergi ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcst\u00fcnde neyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu?<\/p>\n Kanunla, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kazan\u00e7 ve servete sahip olan ki\u015filerden bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere vergi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fbakan \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Saraco\u011flu, TBMM\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada verginin amac\u0131n\u0131n \u201cpiyasadaki para arz\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak, fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek ve T\u00fcrk paras\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ymetlendirmek\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtiyordu.<\/p>\n Vergi miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ve toplanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla her ilde kurulan vergi tespit komisyonlar\u0131nda \u015fehrin en yetkili m\u00fclkiye ve mal memurlar\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Kanunda vergi oran\u0131 ile ilgili do\u011frudan bir ifade yer almazken, vergi miktar\u0131 ile ilgili tespit ve takdir hakk\u0131 da bu komisyonlara b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu. Vergilerin tahsili i\u00e7in verilen s\u00fcre ise 15 g\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n D\u00f6nemin \u0130stanbul Defterdar\u0131 olan Faik \u00d6kte, Varl\u0131k Vergisi uygulamas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmesinden y\u0131llar sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi Facias\u0131\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok gayrim\u00fcslimden servetlerinin ve gelirlerinin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir vergi talep edildi\u011fini yazacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda gayrim\u00fcslimlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n vergiyi \u00f6deyemedi\u011fini kaleme alan \u00d6kte, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ise mal\u0131 m\u00fclk\u00fc olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, vergi tutar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek i\u00e7in yeterince nakit paras\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131yordu. Bu ki\u015filer gayrimenkullerini sat\u0131\u015fa koyduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve bu y\u00fczden de devletten ek s\u00fcre talep ediyordu.<\/p>\n Ancak bu s\u00fcre verilmedi\u011fi gibi, kanunda m\u00fckerrer olmad\u0131k\u00e7a vergilerle ilgili itirazlar\u0131n da yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyordu. M\u00fckerrer vergi itirazlar\u0131nda ise miktarca \u00e7ok olan al\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Leon Bahar\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131, gazeteci ve yazar Nurten Yal\u00e7\u0131n Er\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u015eair, Edip, D\u00fcr\u00fcst T\u00fcccar Leon Bahar\u2019\u0131 Takdimimdir\u201d isimli biyografik romanla kamuoyuna yans\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n Kitapta Er\u00fcs, Leon Bahar\u2019\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131na da seslendi\u011fi, kar\u0131s\u0131 Jenny\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplara ve \u00e7e\u015fitli devlet g\u00f6revlilerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi dilek\u00e7elere yer veriyor.<\/p>\n Er\u00fcs kitab\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin politikas\u0131na da \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutarak, Ba\u015fbakan Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019nun vergi hakk\u0131ndaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yer veren gazete haberlerini de \u015fu sat\u0131rlarla aktar\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201cBu memleket taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6sterilen misafirperverlikten faydalanarak zengin olduklar\u0131 halde, ona kar\u015f\u0131 bu nazik anda vazifelerini yapmaktan ka\u00e7acak kimseler hakk\u0131nda bu kanun, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiddetiyle uygulanacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n Nitekim \u00f6yle de oluyor ve Leon Bahar gibi vergisini \u00f6deyemeyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da gayrim\u00fcslim Erzurum\u2019un A\u015fkale ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019in Sivrihisar il\u00e7elerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderiliyordu.<\/p>\n Trenlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen gayrim\u00fcslimler A\u015fkale\u2019de sert k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kar k\u00fcremek, yol s\u00fcp\u00fcrmek; Sivrihisar\u2019da ise yol in\u015faatlar\u0131nda ta\u015f k\u0131rmak gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u015fitli kaynaklara g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na binden fazla ki\u015fi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye konu\u015fan \u201cA\u015fkale Yolcular\u0131 \u2013 Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kamplar\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 R\u0131dvan Akar, bir kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re 21, ba\u015fka bir kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re ise 25 ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye veya ko\u015fullara dayanamay\u0131p hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Er\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn kitab\u0131nda yer alan dilek\u00e7elerden birisinde Leon Bahar, \u201cSay\u0131n Bakan, her saniyesi vatan i\u00e7in harcanmas\u0131 gereken de\u011ferli vaktinizden \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n bilincindeyim\u201d diye seslendi\u011fi bir bakana \u00e7aresizce, \u201c\u0130yice kuvvetsiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu \u00fccra k\u00f6yde bir yandan da i\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131lan yaralarla ba\u015f etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na ve ailesine duydu\u011fu hasreti dilek\u00e7esinde \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor Leon Bahar:<\/p>\n \u201cBenden medet uman, \u2018baba\u2019 diye a\u011flayan yavrular\u0131m\u0131n yakar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 duyar gibiyim.\u201d<\/p>\n \u015eimdi \u0130srail\u2019de ya\u015fayan Leon Bahar\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Suzan Keer ise babas\u0131n\u0131n kampta rahats\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kamp d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan k\u0131sa say\u0131labilecek bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini dile getiriyor. Keer, bu sebeple babas\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla da \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsediyor.<\/p>\n Sermayenin gayrim\u00fcslimlerin elinden al\u0131narak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklere verildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n bir kan\u0131 da o y\u0131llardan beri kamuoyunun g\u00fcndeminde.<\/p>\n Nitekim 10 Kas\u0131m 1943 g\u00fcn\u00fc CHP grup toplant\u0131s\u0131nda konu\u015fan Ba\u015fbakan Saraco\u011flu da, bu kan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine \u201cpiyasaya hakim olan gayri T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131, vergi sayesinde bertaraf ederek T\u00fcrk piyasas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve T\u00fcrklerin eline verecekleri\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki s\u00f6zleriyle olanak tan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Akar, da toplanan vergilerin y\u00fczde 72\u2019sinin gayrim\u00fcslimlerden tahsil edildi\u011fini ifade ederek \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi uygulamalar\u0131yla birlikte sermaye g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde, ticaret burjuvazisi i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan gayrim\u00fcslimlerden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara ge\u00e7ti, sermaye el de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.\u201d<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 R\u0131fat Bali ise bu tespite \u201ck\u0131smen\u201d kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131yor ve \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015fuyor:<\/p>\n \u201cBir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman sanayici Varl\u0131k Vergisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yok pahas\u0131na sat\u0131lan gayrimenkulleri sat\u0131n alarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak 1950\u2019den itibaren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015f olan gayrim\u00fcslimler yeni liberal ekonomi rejiminin alt\u0131nda kaybettikleri servetleri yeniden olu\u015fturabildiler.\u201d<\/p>\n Ankara\u2019ya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektubunda Leon Bahar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 bin lira ederindeki mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u201cyok pahas\u0131na 11 bin liraya sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daha do\u011frusu el konuldu\u011fundan\u201d bahsediyordu.<\/p>\n Peki ger\u00e7ekten de vergiyi \u00f6deyemeyen gayrim\u00fcslimlerin mal, m\u00fclk ve e\u015fyalar\u0131na el konuldu mu?<\/p>\n \u00d6kte, kitab\u0131nda vergi m\u00fckelleflerinin M, G, E ve D diye d\u00f6rde ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re, cetveldeki ifadelerden M, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u201d; G, \u201cgayrim\u00fcslim\u201d; E, \u201cecnebi\u201d (T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmayan ki\u015filer) ve D de \u201cd\u00f6nme\u201d (din de\u011fi\u015ftirenler) anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n \u00d6kte, \u00e7ok ortakl\u0131 \u015firketlere y\u00f6nelik vergilendirmelerde, vergilere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ecnebilerin ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hisselerine dokunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve vergiler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gayrim\u00fcslimlerin ise mallar\u0131n\u0131n, ev e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n ve gayrimenkullerinin sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor:<\/p>\n \u201c\u015eirkete tarh edilen (vergilendirilen) bir vergi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015feriklerden (ortak) E veya M olan\u0131na dokunulmamas\u0131, \u015firketin yaln\u0131z G\u2019nin sermayesine g\u00f6re olan k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fczerinden m\u00fctalebede bulunulmas\u0131 (talep edilmesi), G \u015ferikin (orta\u011f\u0131n) ev e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131l\u0131p kendisinin A\u015fkale\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmesi, bu vergi tatbikat\u0131n\u0131n en hazin taraf\u0131d\u0131r. Yine kay\u0131t etmek laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, ecnebiler bu \u015fekilde idare edilen vergiyi de tamamen \u00f6dememi\u015flerdir.\u201d<\/p>\n Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin tahsilat\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr \u201ckeyfi uygulamalar\u201d ise vergiyle alakal\u0131 ba\u015fka bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya konu.<\/p>\n Konu hakk\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bilinen Prof. Dr. Ayhan Aktar, bu \u201ckeyfiyetle\u201d ilgili A\u015fkale\u2019ye birinci kafilede g\u00f6nderilen, gen\u00e7 bir kereste t\u00fcccar\u0131 olan Parseh Gevrekyan\u2019\u0131n hikayesini anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Bu gen\u00e7 adam sinema y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Cahide Sonku\u2019nun da sevgilisi. Sonku\u2019nun da b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015fk\u0131ndan s\u0131k s\u0131k bahsetti\u011fini belirten Aktar, \u201cGevrekyan\u2019dan 150 bin lira gibi acayip bir vergi isteniyor. O zaman Gevrekyan buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u2018Kerestenin kamyonu yirmibe\u015f lira. Ka\u00e7 kamyon kereste satmal\u0131y\u0131m ki bu vergiyi \u00f6deyeyim?\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n Aktar\u2019a g\u00f6re bu maliye b\u00fcrokrasisisin erkeksi bir \u00f6\u00e7 alma hikayesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil:<\/p>\n \u201cBir nevi, amiyane tabirle \u2018Var m\u0131 bizim mahallenin k\u0131z\u0131na sulanmak?\u2019 diyorlar.\u201d<\/p>\n O g\u00fcn\u00fcn gazete ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan Akar ise, \u201cYahudi bir t\u00fcccar\u0131n i\u015fhan\u0131 sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu bas\u0131na \u201cEn sonunda \u2018x\u2019 i\u015fhan\u0131 da millile\u015ftirildi\u201d gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klarla yans\u0131d\u0131\u201d diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n Akar, kanunun ilan edildi\u011fi \u00fczere herhangi bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ancak durumun fiiliyatta daha farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtiyor:<\/p>\n \u201cYasan\u0131n Meclis\u2019ten \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla beraber bu bir kapital ve varl\u0131k vergisiydi. Bu vergi tipi sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fil; Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de de uyguland\u0131. \u0130lham\u0131n\u0131 buradan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayan bu yasa, ancak fiili olarak gayrim\u00fcslimlere kar\u015f\u0131 uyguland\u0131. Vergi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitlik gibi unsurlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Fiiliyattan hari\u00e7 yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunun anti-demokratik yan\u0131 ise itiraz hakk\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi.\u201d<\/p>\n Ayhan Aktar, bir daha ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve A\u015fkale\u2019yi hat\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor.<\/p>\n Aktar\u2019a g\u00f6re kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu meseleleri konu\u015fmak \u015fimdiye g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha kolayd\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cO y\u0131lda T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir yerdeydi. \u015eimdiki gibi rekabet\u00e7i, otoriter bir rejim i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fildi. T\u00fcrkiye her \u015feyin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerdi. Evlilik \u00f6ncesi ili\u015fkiler g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi gibi az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili meseleler de g\u00fcndeme geliyordu. Belki az\u0131nl\u0131k meseleleri Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde ne olup bitti\u011fi de g\u00fcndeme geldi.\u201d<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gayrim\u00fcslimlerin bu meseleleri her zaman y\u00fcreklerinde hissetti\u011fini vurgulayan Aktar, ancak halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun bu durumdan haberdar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Ancak bug\u00fcnleri ise \u201c\u2018Aman tek partil\u0131 y\u0131llar, Atat\u00fcrk ve \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc d\u00f6nemi ile ilgili k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylenmesin\u2019 d\u00f6nemi\u201d olarak niteleyen Aktar, s\u00f6zlerine \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor:<\/p>\n \u201cSa\u011fdan ve soldan da ayn\u0131 uyar\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131yoruz. Belki film, sanat d\u00fczeyinde bu konular g\u00fcndeme geliyor. Ama maalesef akademik \u00e7er\u00e7evede g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.\u201d<\/p>\n Er\u00fcs ise bize Leon Bahar\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki Ermeni t\u00fcccar Himayak ile olan dostlu\u011fundan bahsediyor.<\/p>\n Leon Bahar\u2019\u0131n Ulus\u2019taki mezar\u0131ndaki kitabeyi Himayak\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden Er\u00fcs, \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor:<\/p>\n \u201c\u015eair, Edip, D\u00fcr\u00fcst, T\u00fcccar o \u015fiirin bir m\u0131sras\u0131. Yani s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki dostu, Leon\u2019u bir \u00f6m\u00fcr olmak istedi\u011fi her \u015feyiyle s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde tan\u0131yor ve mezar ta\u015f\u0131na bu s\u00f6zleri kaz\u0131yor. T\u0131pk\u0131 Leon\u2019un \u015fairli\u011finin teslimi gibi bu yap\u0131lan haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da haks\u0131zl\u0131k oldu\u011funu tarih bir g\u00fcn teslim edecek. Anlatacak yollar \u00e7o\u011falacak, t\u0131pk\u0131 Kul\u00fcp gibi.<\/p>\n \u201cAyn\u0131 \u015fiirin son sat\u0131r\u0131nda mezara gelenlerden bir Fatiha da istiyor Himayak. Bir Ermeni, bir Yahudi i\u00e7in bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman duas\u0131 istiyor. Bu topraklarda bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fama arzusuna kan\u0131t ar\u0131yorsan\u0131z Ulus\u2019ta Leon\u2019un mezar ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 okuyabilirsiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n Keer\u2019in sesi babas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015furken hala titriyor. \u00dcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc ve ac\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcn gibi hissediliyor.<\/p>\n \u201cSize bir tek \u015fey s\u00f6yleyece\u011fim\u201d diyor ve \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor Keer:<\/p>\n \u201cBir insan bir memlekette ya\u015f\u0131yorsa, o lisan\u0131 konu\u015fuyorsa, kendini o millete adapte olmu\u015f \u015fekilde hissediyorsa o \u00f6nemlidir. Ben kendimi nas\u0131l T\u00fcrk hissediyorsam, T\u00fcrkiye de beni ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kendisine ait hissetmeli. \u0130srail\u2019e yerle\u015fmemim sebebi de bu. Kocam Amerikal\u0131 idi. Amerika\u2019ya da yerle\u015febilirdim kolayl\u0131kla. Ama bir \u00fclkede ikincil bir vatanda\u015f olmak istemiyordum. Ben istedi\u011fimi konu\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131m. Burada konu\u015fabiliyorum. Ama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neden konu\u015famayay\u0131m?\u201d<\/p>\n![\"Gazete](\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/A50B\/production\/_121515224_a4820fda-3841-46bc-9212-381332c0e4bb.jpg?ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\nNe ama\u00e7land\u0131?<\/h2>\n
![\"Tamar](\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/124BD\/production\/_121514947_0010.jpg?ssl=1\")
Babas\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcmek<\/h2>\n
![\"Kitap\"](\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/11A3B\/production\/_121515227_ayhanaktarkapak.jpg?ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\nSermaye el mi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi?<\/h2>\n
![\"Leon](\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/3A5D\/production\/_121514941_foto1.jpg?ssl=1\")
\u2018Yok pahas\u0131na\u2019<\/h2>\n
![\"Dilek\u00e7e\"](\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/887D\/production\/_121514943_0001.jpg?ssl=1\")
<\/em>Keyfi uygulamalar<\/h2>\n
\n
![\"Bahar](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/16473\/production\/_121515219_2cba866d-4ed7-4db3-8786-0af4b55fdf83.jpg?ssl=1\")
<\/em>\u2018\u0130tiraz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi\u2019<\/h2>\n
\u2018\u015eimdi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yeni bir d\u00f6neme girdik\u2019<\/h2>\n
![\"Karikat\u00fcr](\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/D69D\/production\/_121514945_28.1.'43karikatr.jpg\")
\u2018Anlatacak yollar \u00e7o\u011falacak \u2018<\/h2>\n
![\"Leon](\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/2FDB\/production\/_121515221_643527aa-45e5-4ccb-9606-61a071543380.jpg?ssl=1\")