{"id":65386,"date":"2021-10-29T02:12:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T07:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=65386"},"modified":"2021-10-29T03:07:47","modified_gmt":"2021-10-29T08:07:47","slug":"hatay-ne-demek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=65386","title":{"rendered":"Hatay ne demek?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tahir Sezen\u2019in Devlet Ar\u015fivi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan me\u015fhur\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Yer Adlar\u0131\u00a0kitab\u0131nda Antakya maddesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kitap sizi Hatay maddesine y\u00f6nlendirir. Sezen, Hatay isminin Osmanl\u0131ca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttikten sonra Antakya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde Osmanl\u0131 idari taksimat\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fimini s\u0131ralar. Fakat bu maddede \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6nemli bir hata vard\u0131r. Hatay ismi, asl\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 belgelerinde hi\u00e7bir zaman ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde yer alm\u0131\u015f bir isim de\u011fildir, zira Hatay, b\u00f6lgenin 1939\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde siyasi saiklerle yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6lgeye yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir isimdir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1939\u2019dan \u00f6nce ise, bug\u00fcn b\u00f6lgenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki \u015fehri olan \u0130skenderun ve Antakya, Osmanl\u0131 idaresi alt\u0131ndayken hi\u00e7bir zaman tek bir isimle an\u0131lmad\u0131lar. M\u00d6 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in ad\u0131yla kuruldu\u011fu rivayet edilen \u0130skenderun, Osmanl\u0131 taksimat\u0131nda, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Adana vilayetinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Halep eyaleti\/vilayetine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kazayd\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6nemli komutanlar\u0131ndan Selevkos Nikator\u2019un babas\u0131 Antioch\u2019u onurland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u015fehre ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Antakya ise Halep eyalet\/vilayetinde kaza veya sancak olarak yer ald\u0131. Ancak, 1920\u2019de b\u00f6lgede kurulan Frans\u0131z Mandas\u0131 Suriyesi idaresinde olan iki \u015fehir, mandan\u0131n idari taksimat\u0131nda\u00a0Sandjak d\u2019Alexandretta<\/em>\u00a0(\u0130skenderun Sanca\u011f\u0131) veya\u00a0Liwaa el \u0130skenderuna<\/em>\u00a0(\u0130skenderun \u015eehri) olarak yer ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Peki, o zaman Hatay ne demek? Bu isim tam olarak ne zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve ne anlama geliyor? Daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fim gibi bu sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131na dahil oldu\u011fu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ilgili. Bilindi\u011fi gibi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, esas olarak Eyl\u00fcl 1936\u2019da Fransa ile Suriye aras\u0131nda imzalanan (ve Fransa Parlamentosu taraf\u0131ndan resmen hi\u00e7bir zaman onaylanmayan) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k anla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte Sancak\u2019\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn belirsizli\u011finden do\u011fan tart\u0131\u015fmalarla ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Sancak\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Suriye\u2019nin par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in h\u0131zla giri\u015fti\u011fi diplomatik ve siyasi atak, d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 gere\u011fi demografik iddialar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi elzem k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zira d\u00f6nemin uluslararas\u0131 toplumunun en etkin yap\u0131s\u0131 Milletler Cemiyeti, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde bir b\u00f6lgenin nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini o b\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusunun r\u0131zas\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fakat Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nin savunageldi\u011fi kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131, bu yap\u0131y\u0131 meydana getirenlerin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden ziyadesiyle nasibini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, o b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u015fartt\u0131 fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslararas\u0131 anlamda yarat\u0131lan mandalar sistemi, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki herkesin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeyde \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finin i\u015faretiydi. Buna g\u00f6re, manda alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lgeler, kendi kendilerini y\u00f6netecek olgunlukta ve kapasitede de\u011fillerdi; onlar dan\u0131\u015fmaya muhta\u00e7lard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu b\u00f6lgelerde manda g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak bulunan devletlere, bu b\u00f6lgeleri \u00f6zy\u00f6netim i\u00e7in yeterli olgunlu\u011fa ve kapasiteye kavu\u015fturma g\u00f6revi verilmi\u015fti. Suriye ba\u011flam\u0131nda bu g\u00f6rev Fransa\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131, zira Suriye, topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00f6lgenin yerlileri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmek i\u00e7in fazla \u00e7e\u015fitliydi ve Suriye\u2019de \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan katliamlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan toplumlar\u0131n can g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayabilecek olgunlukta g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve global anlamda adaletsiz ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131 kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131n dinamiklerinin nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini T\u00fcrkiye, 1920\u2019lerde Musul\u2019daki Britanya idaresi Milletler Cemiyeti karar\u0131yla tasdik edildi\u011finde tecr\u00fcbe etmi\u015fti. 1936\u2019da Sancak\u2019\u0131n kaderi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda da T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131, Arap milliyet\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha organize ve atik davranarak pozisyon alm\u0131\u015f ve siyaset \u00fcretmi\u015fti. B\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu elinde bulundurdu\u011funun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00f6lgenin tarihsel olarak T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funu ispatlamak da bu siyasetin esas \u00f6nceli\u011fiydi. Bu ba\u011flamda, d\u00f6nemin hakim \u0131rksal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden etkilenmenin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek bu fikriyat\u0131 bir ad\u0131m ileriye ta\u015f\u0131yan ve T\u00fcrklerin de hakim \u201cbeyaz medeniyet\u201din par\u00e7as\u0131 ve hatta kurucusu oldu\u011funu bilimsel olarak kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi ve G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi\u2019ne katk\u0131 sunan tarih\u00e7iler, dilbilimciler ve sosyal bilimciler, bu uluslararas\u0131 meselenin de yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015ftular.<\/p>\n

Bu isimlerden biri de o d\u00f6nem TBMM\u2019de Siirt mebusu olarak bulunan \u0130smail M\u00fc\u015ftak Mayakon\u2019du. Mayakon\u2019un 10 Ekim 1936\u2019da\u00a0Cumhuriyet<\/em> gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan \u201cTarihten Bir Yaprak\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131, o d\u00f6nem Sancak olarak an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin bir anlamda kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirecekti. Mayakon, bu yaz\u0131da s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgenin tarihsel olarak ezelden beri T\u00fcrk (Hata\/Eti\/Hitit) oldu\u011fu tezini temellendirirken, b\u00f6lgeye bu tez i\u00e7in bir de isim \u00f6neriyordu: Hatay. Mayakon\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201cAntakya, \u0130skenderun ve havalisinde\u201d ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler, b\u00f6lgenin \u201cen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u0131rk as\u0131rl\u0131k sahip ve sakini\u201dydiler. Bu teze g\u00f6re, Orta Asya\u2019dan kalkarak \u00f6nce \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeyine yerle\u015fen T\u00fcrkler, tarihsel olarak kendi isimleri olan Hata, Ata ve Eti kelimelerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak o b\u00f6lgeye Hatay demi\u015flerdi. Daha sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerine yay\u0131lan T\u00fcrklerden Hatay b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayanlar, gelip Antakya, \u0130skenderun ve havalisine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdi ve burada kurulan medeniyetin mimar\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, o d\u00f6nemde o b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan \u201cT\u00fcrkler bu Hatay T\u00fcrklerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yd\u0131\u201d. Bu y\u00fczden, Mayakon\u2019a g\u00f6re, o b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayanlar Hatalar ve o b\u00f6lge de Hatay diye an\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Fakat Mayakon\u2019un bu \u00f6nerisi do\u011frudan kabul g\u00f6rmedi. Zira Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 1 Kas\u0131m 1936\u2019da TBMM\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, b\u00f6lgenin hakiki sahibinin \u201c\u00f6z T\u00fcrkler\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken, b\u00f6lgeyi \u201c\u0130skender[u]n\u2013Antakya ve havalisi\u201d diye anm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu demek oluyor ki, Hatay ismi 1936 Kas\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 itibariyle hen\u00fcz devletin zirvesince kabul edilmemi\u015f ve resmi kullan\u0131ma sokulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat b\u00f6lgedeki siyasi m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden ve 1938\u2019de kurulacak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Hatay Devleti\u2019nin ilk ve tek Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Tayfur S\u00f6kmen, an\u0131lar\u0131nda bir g\u00fcn \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc\u2019ne \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cAntakya-\u0130skenderun ve havalisinin ismi bundan b\u00f6yle Hatay\u2019d\u0131r\u201d talimat\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Bu olay, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde vuku bulmu\u015ftur, zira tarih\u00e7i Sarah Shields\u2019\u0131n\u00a0Fezzes in the River<\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131nda aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, d\u00f6nemin ABD T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi John Macmurray\u2019in, \u201cMayakon\u2019un yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gazetelerin b\u00f6lgeyi Hatay diye anmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtti\u011fi telgraf 1 Aral\u0131k 1936 tarihlidir. Kas\u0131m 1936\u2019dan sonra, bu isim T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkiye yanl\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. Bu o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti ki, d\u00f6nemin L\u00fcbnan ve Suriye mandalar\u0131ndan sorumlu Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Kont Damien de Martel bile bu ismin bu kadar \u00e7abuk benimsenmesine \u015fa\u015f\u0131racakt\u0131. Martel, Fransa D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 telgrafta, \u201cb\u00f6lgede Hitit isminin \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r hi\u00e7 bahsinin ge\u00e7medi\u011fini\u201d fakat buna ra\u011fmen Hatay ad\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla kabul g\u00f6rmesinin \u201cT\u00fcrk taraf\u0131n\u0131n propaganda ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n disiplininden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1939\u2019da b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Hatay isminin kullan\u0131m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz hale geldi. Bu d\u00f6nemi, Hatay vilayeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan yer isimlerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmesi izledi. 1940\u2019larda, S\u00fcveydiye veya Cebel-i Simmen (b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Aziz Simon\u2019a atfen Arap\u00e7ada Simon Da\u011f\u0131) denilen yer Samanda\u011f\u2019a, Kuseyr diye an\u0131lan b\u00f6lge Alt\u0131n\u00f6z\u00fc\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 1960\u2019ta, Arap\u00e7a ismi Arsuz olan kasabaya, buraya atanan bir yetkilinin b\u00f6lgede bolca bulunan okalipt\u00fcs a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 burada hi\u00e7 bulunmayan \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131 sanmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Ulu\u00e7\u0131nar ismi verildi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Elbette ki bu isimlerin, \u00f6zellikle de Hatay\u2019\u0131n, bug\u00fcn b\u00f6lgenin isimlendirilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran pratik bir getirisi var. Fakat bunun \u00f6tesinde, \u00e7o\u011fu isimlendirme siyaseti \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi, b\u00f6lgenin tarihi miras\u0131n\u0131n ve ondan devral\u0131nan isimlerin de yok olmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Belki de bu y\u00fczden Ortodokslar da dahil olmak \u00fczere Antakya ve \u00e7evresinde do\u011fanlar veya oralarla ba\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kendisine Hatayl\u0131 demekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nehna<\/em>\u2019da, b\u00f6lge \u00f6zelinde bu isimlendirme politikas\u0131n\u0131n hangi tarihsel tasavvurlarla temellendirildi\u011fini, 1930\u2019larda ve 40\u2019larda Hatay isminin nas\u0131l bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle kullan\u0131ma sokuldu\u011funu, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nde gelen tarih\u00e7ilerinin ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu sayfalarda tart\u0131\u015fmaya devam edece\u011fim.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/nehna.org\/hatay-ne-demek\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tahir Sezen\u2019in Devlet Ar\u015fivi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan me\u015fhur\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Yer Adlar\u0131\u00a0kitab\u0131nda Antakya maddesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kitap sizi Hatay maddesine y\u00f6nlendirir. Sezen, Hatay isminin Osmanl\u0131ca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttikten sonra Antakya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde Osmanl\u0131 idari taksimat\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fimini s\u0131ralar. Fakat bu maddede \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6nemli bir hata vard\u0131r. Hatay ismi, asl\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 belgelerinde hi\u00e7bir zaman ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde yer alm\u0131\u015f bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":65387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nHatay ne demek? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=65386\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hatay ne demek? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tahir Sezen\u2019in Devlet Ar\u015fivi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan me\u015fhur\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Yer Adlar\u0131\u00a0kitab\u0131nda Antakya maddesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kitap sizi Hatay maddesine y\u00f6nlendirir. Sezen, Hatay isminin Osmanl\u0131ca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttikten sonra Antakya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde Osmanl\u0131 idari taksimat\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fimini s\u0131ralar. Fakat bu maddede \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6nemli bir hata vard\u0131r. 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