{"id":63993,"date":"2021-07-29T02:40:46","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T07:40:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993"},"modified":"2021-07-29T02:40:46","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T07:40:46","slug":"cografi-yer-mekan-isimlerinin-sosyolojik-dili-kulturel-kirimin-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993","title":{"rendered":"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131ma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karadeniz\u2019de Lazca, Ermenice ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcce yerle\u015fim isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bu oranlar daha da y\u00fcksektir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi, bu co\u011frafyadaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel renklere ve k\u00f6klere, geleneksel s\u00fcreklili\u011fe ve toplumsal haf\u0131zaya bir ne\u015fter at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yerle\u015fim yerlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2l\u00e2 iki isimle an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Aslan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fehir, kasaba, k\u00f6y, cadde ve sokak isimleri, genellikle \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ihmal etti\u011fimiz bir aland\u0131r. Oysa bu isimlerde haf\u0131za, kimlik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn derin izleri ve gerilimleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yer isimlerinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc sosyolojik bir dili vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz yer\/mek\u00e2n isimleri, orada mukim k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerle ilgilidir. Bu y\u00fczden mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 anlamak, mukimleri tan\u0131maktan ge\u00e7er. Yer isimleri, mukimleri tan\u0131may\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. \u0130simlerdeki de\u011fi\u015fmeler ve tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemler ise eski mukimlerin gidi\u015fi ve yenilerin geli\u015fi veya eskiler kalsa bile, mek\u00e2n\u0131n yeni bir politik g\u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edildi\u011fine i\u015faret eder. Bu anlamda yer adlar\u0131 haf\u0131za, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimliklerin \u00f6yk\u00fclerini anlamaya da imkan sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bu yana mek\u00e2na kimlik giydirmenin bir arac\u0131 olarak yer adlar\u0131 belirlemek, politik h\u00fckmetme halleriyle do\u011frudan ilgili olmu\u015ftur. T\u0131pk\u0131 ayd\u0131nlanma ile Avrupa\u2019da geleneksel yer isimlerinin, modern isimlerle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gibi. Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan, dini referansl\u0131 yer isimleri silinip her yere cumhuriyete g\u00f6nderme yapan isimler verilmi\u015f; bulvarlar ve meydanlar ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 cumhuriyet ve onun kurucu kadrolar\u0131 ile tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Modernle\u015fme s\u00fcreci yer isimlerinin daha da dar bir ba\u011flamda; milliyet\u00e7ilikle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00f6nce \u2018vatan\u0131 elde etmek\u2019, sonra da ona milli bir kimlik giydirmek bi\u00e7iminde tezah\u00fcr etmi\u015ftir. Vatana kimlik giydirmenin en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi ise yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek olmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k yer isimleri hakim kimli\u011fin ve kurucu akt\u00f6rlerin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yacak; eski mukimlerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrleriyle ili\u015fkili isimler \u00f6nce kay\u0131tlardan silinecek sonra da belleklerden silinmesi i\u00e7in \u2018tedbirler\u2019 al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Nitekim \u015fehirlerin, kasabalar\u0131n ve k\u00f6ylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra meydan ve sokak isimleri modernle\u015fmeyle birlikte yo\u011fun politik m\u00fcdahalelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk modernle\u015fmesinin yer isimleriyle imtihan\u0131<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk modernle\u015fmesinin de milliyet\u00e7i politik saiklerle yer isimlerine m\u00fcdahale stratejisi de ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te ve bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ne var ki bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 kimlik-k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin evi olmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla farkl\u0131 dillerden yer isimlerinin \u00e7oklu\u011fu, alana m\u00fcdahalenin h\u0131z\u0131, seyri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131 bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc politik m\u00fcdahalelerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerdir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Anadolu i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yerle\u015ftirilmesi ile \u2018yeni\u2019 yer isimleri de verilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesela ilk g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar olarak Tatarlar, \u00c7erkesler ve Balkan muhacirlerin yerle\u015fim birimlerine Re\u015fadiye, Hamidiye, Aziziye, Arifiye, \u00dcmraniye, \u0130smetiye, Talatiye, Mahmudiye, Mahmutbey gibi padi\u015fah ve \u015fehzadelere g\u00f6nderme yapan isimler verilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n kadim k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerden gelen isimleri de de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesela Erzincan\u2019\u0131n Gercanis kasabas\u0131na Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in iradesiyle Refahiye ad\u0131 verilmi\u015f; Dersim K\u0131z\u0131lkilise kazas\u0131 Nazimiye\u2019ye, Megri Fethiye\u2019ye, Atronos \u00f6nce Orhanili ve sonra da Bursa\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Yer isimlerini milliyet\u00e7i politika ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6ren daha sert refleksi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ba\u015fkumandan vekili s\u0131fat\u0131yla yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 talimatnamede Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131nda Ermenice, Rumca veya Bulgarca gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan kimliklerin diliyle an\u0131lan vilayet, sancak, kasaba, k\u00f6y, da\u011f, nehir isimlerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eleri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Bu milliyet\u00e7i refleksin tonu giderek artm\u0131\u015f; 1921\u2019de Antep mebusu Yasin Bey \u201cBug\u00fcn namusumuza, mevcudiyetimize, istikbalimize k\u00f6pekler gibi sald\u0131rmak isteyen bir milletin ismini, ben o memleketli olmak s\u0131fat\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131mak istemiyorum. Bu Rum kelimesinin \u015fu saatte at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 rica ediyorum\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Bu sert politik tutum elbette etkisini g\u00f6stermi\u015f; 1922\u2019de Sinop\u2019ta \u00c7anl\u0131 nahiyesinin ad\u0131 Osmanl\u0131, Ayandon nahiyesinin ad\u0131 T\u00fcrkeli, Konya\/Bey\u015fehir kazas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Davgana ad\u0131 Do\u011fanbey, \u0130zmit kazas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Ermi\u015fe nahiyesinin ad\u0131 Budaklar, Lazistan sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Makriyali nahiyesinin ad\u0131 Kemalpa\u015fa, Isparta sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 A\u011fros nahiyesinin ad\u0131 Atabey, Pavlu nahiyesinin ad\u0131 Cebel olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve T\u00fcrk olmayan kimliklere g\u00f6nderme yapan isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 o d\u00f6nem iyice yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f; 1924\u2019te K\u0131rkkilise ismi, K\u0131rklareli\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Hemen devam\u0131nda bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kararnamesi ile Edirne vilayet merkezinde gayri milli mahalle isimleri de yenileriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Buna g\u00f6re Iskarleto\u011flu, Lala\u015fahinpa\u015fa\u2019ya; Aya Ist\u0131at\u0131, Do\u011fan\u2019a; Aya Yorgi, Hasil Bey\u2019e; Aya Yani, \u0130safaki\u2019ye; Aya \u0130tafanos, Midhat Pa\u015fa\u2019ya; Aya Nikola, Hac\u0131bedrettin\u2019e; Papa Ka\u00e7anos, Mimarsinan\u2019a; Panaiya, Dilaverbey\u2019e; Papasp\u011flu, Kadirpa\u015fa\u2019ya; Feristos, Yah\u015fifaki\u2019ye; Mihalko\u00e7, Malko\u00e7bey\u2019e; Karapolit, Yakuppa\u015fa\u2019ya; Madano\u011flu, Talatpa\u015fa\u2019ya ve Napoyat, Devlet-i \u0130slam\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    Yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l bir kararname ile Kozan vilayetine ba\u011fl\u0131 Ha\u00e7in kazas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131, milli m\u00fccadeledeki rol\u00fc nedeniyle Sami Bey\u2019in ad\u0131na ithafen Saimbeyli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda Artvin ilinde b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcce olan yerle\u015fme adlar\u0131 Meclis-i Umumiyye-i Vilayet karar\u0131yla t\u00fcm\u00fcyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Mesela Melo k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 Sar\u0131budak, A\u015fnak ad\u0131 K\u0131nal\u0131\u00e7am, Bucur ad\u0131 Akanta\u015f, Carat ad\u0131 K\u00f6pr\u00fckaya olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme mesaisi o kadar yo\u011fundu ki \u0130stanbul\u2019da 300 dolay\u0131nda sokak ve mahalle ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. 1927 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise \u0130stanbul\u2019daki t\u00fcm yerlerin y\u00fczde 19\u2019u art\u0131k yeni isimleriyle kay\u0131tlarda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6zellikle cadde\/sokak isimlerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik, kimliksel kayg\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n niteli\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu. Mesela G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kilisesi\/Sokak Kaz\u0131m Orbay Caddesi olmu\u015ftu. Ermeni Kilisesi Sokak\/F\u0131r\u0131n Sokak, Hasop Sokak\/Perihan Sokak, Rum Kabristan\u0131\/Yenik\u00f6y Tepe, Kilise\/Nevizade, Bal\u0131kl\u0131 Kilise\/Seyit Nizam, Ermeni Bostan\u0131\/T\u00fcrk Bostan\u0131, Aya Nofri\/Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131, Papaz\/Bahriyeli \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, Han\u00e7erli Kilise\/Ulubatl\u0131 Hasan, Rum Kilisesi\/Hac\u0131 Murat, Kaliyari\/Kara Osman olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan isimler yerine T\u00fcrk devlet adamlar\u0131 veya komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n isimleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    1926\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u00c7ift \u0130simle An\u0131lan Vilayetlerin Tek \u0130simle An\u0131lmas\u0131 yasas\u0131 da asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 politika ile ilgiliydi. Bu yasaya dayanarak Canik, Samsun\u2019a; Saruhan, Manisa\u2019ya; Kocaeli \u0130zmit\u2019e; Mente\u015f Mu\u011fla\u2019ya, Bozok Yozgat\u2019a; \u0130\u00e7el, Silifke\u2019ye, G\u00f6rle, G\u00f6rele\u2019ye; Enderin, And\u0131r\u0131n\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    B\u00fct\u00fcn bu politik \u00e7abalar kendine g\u00f6re bir literat\u00fcre de vesile olmu\u015f; 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda H\u00fcseyin Nihal Ats\u0131z ve Ahmet Naci taraf\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrklere Aid Yer \u0130simleri ad\u0131yla bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatta gazeteler bu \u00e7abalara kendi kulvarlar\u0131ndan dahil olmu\u015ftu. 26 Aral\u0131k 1926 tarihli H\u00e2kimiyet-i Milliye gazetesine g\u00f6nderilen bir mektupta g\u00fcya Ankara Osmaniye mahalle halk\u0131, Osmaniye ad\u0131na \u015fiddetle muhalefet etmi\u015f ve mahallenin ad\u0131n\u0131n \u0130smetpa\u015fa yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015fti. Tabii halk\u0131n bu iste\u011fi de h\u0131zl\u0131ca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Bu uygulama daha sonra da devam etmi\u015f; Kirmast\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 Mustafakemalpa\u015fa, Nif\u2019in ad\u0131 Kemalpa\u015fa, Pera veya Cadde-i Keb\u00eer \u0130stikl\u00e2l Caddesi, Tatavla ise Kurtulu\u015f Mahallesi isimlerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Fatih Mehmet Ma\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019nun ba\u015fkan olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Tunceli Belediyesi tabelas\u0131 yerine Dersim Belediyesi tabelas\u0131 as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    1930\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 son d\u00f6neminde verilmi\u015f baz\u0131 isimler bile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Mesela 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aziziye (Afyon\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131) Emirgan olarak, 1933\u2019te Alaiye (Antakya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131) Alanya olarak, 1934\u2019te Sulaniye (Konya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131) Karap\u0131nar olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. 1935\u2019te Dersim, Tunceli olarak, 1936\u2019da Bayaz\u0131d, A\u011fr\u0131 olarak ve Gevar (Hakkari\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131) Y\u00fcksekova olarak, Rum (\u00c7orum\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131) Yeni \u00c7aml\u0131ca olarak ve Dimitri (Kayseri\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131) Turan olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Art\u0131k her yerde di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerden isimler s\u00fcratle yerlerini T\u00fcrk\u00e7e isimlere b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ku\u015fkusuz iktidar g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yok sayarak.<\/p>\n

    6-21 Haziran 1941 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lan Birinci Co\u011frafya Kongresi yer isimleriyle ilgili \u00f6nemli i\u015flevler y\u00fcklenmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne Anadolu denilmesine ili\u015fkin karar bu kongrede al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f; hemen t\u00fcm yer isimlerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak yeniden belirlemek i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nitekim 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi daha sistematize edilmi\u015f bir devlet politikas\u0131 olarak kurulmu\u015f; 10 Haziran 1949 g\u00fcn\u00fc 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130l \u0130daresi Kanunu ile isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme yetkisi \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    \u2018Ad De\u011fi\u015ftirme \u0130htisas Kurulu\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1957\u2019de Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi, Milli Savunma, Milli E\u011fitim ve Bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131, Tapu Kadastro ve Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ile T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu uzmanlar\u0131ndan bir Ad De\u011fi\u015ftirme \u0130htisas Kurulu kurulmu\u015ftu. Kurul, bu tarihten itibaren haftada iki-\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn mesai saatleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda toplanmak suretiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle kurul \u00fcyelerine yap\u0131lan \u00f6demelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 1.12.1970 tarihinden itibaren durmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

    Zamanla dosyalar\u0131n birikmesi \u00fczerine ayn\u0131 kurum uzmanlar\u0131ndan Ad De\u011fi\u015ftirme \u0130htisas Kurulu aktive edilmi\u015f, 1973-1978 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te 1978 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fclkede 887 bucak ve 35917 k\u0131rsal yerle\u015fmenin y\u00fczde 36\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. K\u00f6y isimleri \u00fczerine de bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6zel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; 35 bin k\u00f6y ad\u0131 incelenmi\u015f ve bunlardan 14 bin 819 k\u00f6y ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Ad De\u011fi\u015ftirme Uzmanlar Kurulu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki 1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan \u201ctarihi de\u011feri olan yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u201d de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre durdurulmu\u015ftur. 1983\u2019te Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k\u00e7a bir y\u00f6netmelik \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak kurulun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yeniden izin verilmi\u015ftir. Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 ile kabul edilen Ad De\u011fi\u015ftirme Uzmanlar Kurulu Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130lke ve Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik gere\u011fi kurul, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130ller \u0130daresi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn veya g\u00f6revlendirece\u011fi yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir, Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tapu ve Kadastro Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn birer, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi ile Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu\u2019nun (T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu) iki\u015fer temsilcisinden olu\u015facak \u015fekilde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Vatan\u0131n her yerinde T\u00fcrk olmayan k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin izlerini silmek i\u00e7in ilgili her kademede s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n herhalde en \u00fcst noktas\u0131 1984\u2019te yap\u0131lan Yer Adlar\u0131 Sempozyumu olmu\u015ftur. 13-14 Eyl\u00fcl 1984\u2019te Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lan sempozyumda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlileri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bu politikan\u0131n \u00fcreticileri bildiriler sunmu\u015f ya da konu\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Arada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler olsa da akademisyenler ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme politika ve uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n daha geni\u015f \u2018ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131\u2019 i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler sunmu\u015flard\u0131. Zira o zamana kadar 1\/3 oran\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilen yer adlar\u0131 hen\u00fcz yeterli bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ku\u015fkusuz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131ma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcdahalenin sonucunda Karadeniz\u2019de genellikle Lazca, Ermenice ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcce yerle\u015fim isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Rize\u2019de bu oran y\u00fczde 79, Artvin\u2019de y\u00fczde 88 Trabzon\u2019da y\u00fczde 78, Bayburt\u2019ta y\u00fczde 80 ve Erzincan\u2019da y\u00fczde 66, oran\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde bu oranlar daha da y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u0131rnak\u2019ta y\u00fczde 92, Hakkari\u2019de y\u00fczde 86, Batman ve Bitlis\u2019te y\u00fczde 84, Mardin ve Erzurum\u2019da y\u00fczde 90 \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mardin\u2019de 647, Erzurum\u2019da 653 k\u00f6y\u00fcn ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin tamam\u0131nda benzer bir durum s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

    Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi, bu co\u011frafyadaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel renklere ve k\u00f6klere, geleneksel s\u00fcreklili\u011fe ve toplumsal haf\u0131zaya bir ne\u015fter at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Referans\u0131n\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilikten alan bu keskin ne\u015ftere ra\u011fmen yine de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerle\u015fim yerlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc; biri resmi di\u011feri de geleneksel olarak iki isimle an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcndelik dilde bu durum eski ve yeni isimler diye ifade edilir. Hemen her yerin bir eski bir de yeni ismi vard\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcndelik hayatta genellikle resmi isimler de\u011fil, geleneksel isimler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu da baz\u0131 bak\u0131mlardan kadim k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin asl\u0131nda modern iktidarlardan daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu nedenle insani olan, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geleneklere at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu ne\u015fterin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla kapsaml\u0131 bir y\u00fczle\u015fmeyi yapabilmektir.<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/cografi-yer-mekan-isimlerinin-sosyolojik-dili-kulturel-kirimin-etkisi-353160?__cf_chl_managed_tk__=pmd_e0b40d010589c64cd44cb4e83e061ce65e60ddbd-1627544282-0-gqNtZGzNA02jcnBszQpi\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ku\u015fkusuz yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131ma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karadeniz\u2019de Lazca, Ermenice ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcce yerle\u015fim isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bu oranlar daha da y\u00fcksektir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi, bu co\u011frafyadaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel renklere ve k\u00f6klere, geleneksel s\u00fcreklili\u011fe ve toplumsal haf\u0131zaya bir ne\u015fter at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yerle\u015fim yerlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":63994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nCo\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ku\u015fkusuz yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131ma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karadeniz\u2019de Lazca, Ermenice ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcce yerle\u015fim isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bu oranlar daha da y\u00fcksektir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi, bu co\u011frafyadaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel renklere ve k\u00f6klere, geleneksel s\u00fcreklili\u011fe ve toplumsal haf\u0131zaya bir ne\u015fter at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yerle\u015fim yerlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-29T07:40:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993\",\"name\":\"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-29T07:40:46+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":400},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Ku\u015fkusuz yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131ma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karadeniz\u2019de Lazca, Ermenice ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcce yerle\u015fim isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bu oranlar daha da y\u00fcksektir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi, bu co\u011frafyadaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel renklere ve k\u00f6klere, geleneksel s\u00fcreklili\u011fe ve toplumsal haf\u0131zaya bir ne\u015fter at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yerle\u015fim yerlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2021-07-29T07:40:46+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993","name":"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg","datePublished":"2021-07-29T07:40:46+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Co\u011frafi-yer-isimleri.jpg","width":720,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63993#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Co\u011frafi yer\/mek\u00e2n isimlerinin sosyolojik dili: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkisi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63993"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63995,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63993\/revisions\/63995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/63994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}