{"id":63957,"date":"2021-07-26T05:10:52","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T10:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957"},"modified":"2021-07-26T05:10:52","modified_gmt":"2021-07-26T10:10:52","slug":"bir-osmanli-mucidi-sarkis-balyan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957","title":{"rendered":"Bir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n modernle\u015fmesinin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Korhan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Balyanlar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fme d\u00f6nemine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran saray mimarlar\u0131\u2026 Mimarl\u0131k tarih\u00e7isi B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n me\u015fakkatli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap okurlara, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fme s\u00fcreci hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler veriyor.<\/p>\n

Balyan ar\u015fivinin sahibi, ailenin son fig\u00fcrlerinden biri, uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015f bulunan Sarkis Balyan. Bir as\u0131r \u0130talya\u2019da bulunan, sonra Erivan\u2019daki mimarl\u0131k m\u00fczesine ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan ar\u015fivde ilk defa g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan belgeler yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Rotatif buhar makinesi, enine ve boyuna kesit. A.g.e. sayfa 84.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019 kitab\u0131nda yer alan ilgin\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden biri \u201cM\u00fchendis-Mekanisyen ve Mucit Olarak Sarkis Balyan\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Resimde yer alan ve Fransa\u2019da patent haklar\u0131 tescil edilen rotatif buhar makinesi, Sarkis Balyan taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015f. Bu bulu\u015fu 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda yapan \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Mucidi\u201d Sarkis Bey, bir ba\u015fka uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 da bir y\u0131l sonra Londra Uluslararas\u0131 Sergisi\u2019nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir lokomotif ile g\u00f6steriyor ve \u201cMecidiye Ni\u015fan\u0131\u201d ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendiriliyor. Bu makineyi kendi geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir tekneye tak\u0131yor ve Seine Nehri\u2019nde Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019i gezdiriyor. Bas\u0131nda \u00f6vg\u00fclerle yer alan, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n merkezindeki bu g\u00f6sterinin sonras\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle: Seine Nehri\u2019nde dola\u015fan, Quaie d\u2019Orsay\u2019a demirleyen buharl\u0131 tekne, Paris\u2019ten uzun bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131yor. Tekne daha sonra saltanat gezilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sarkis Bey\u2019in bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli tasar\u0131m\u0131 da d\u00f6nemin en ileri g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 teknolojisi, buhar makineleri i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve patentini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 emniyetli, y\u00fcksek verimli buhar kazan\u0131. Sarkis Balyan\u2019\u0131n yine patentini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir de y\u00fczer iskele bulunuyor.\u00a0Bu bulu\u015flar, patentleri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, kopya veya esinlenme olamaz. Sarkis Bey\u2019in bildi\u011fimiz mimarl\u0131k unvan\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc e\u011fitim ve kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeler ile ileri d\u00fczeyde bir m\u00fchendislik ve proje y\u00f6netimi yetene\u011fine sahip oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Balyanlar \u2013\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi, B\u00fcke Uras, 352 syf.,\u00a0Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2021.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

OSMANLI MUC\u0130D\u0130 SARK\u0130S BEY\u2019\u0130N ROTAT\u0130F BUHAR MAK\u0130NES\u0130<\/h2>\n

Sarkis Balyan\u2019\u0131n bulu\u015flar\u0131, d\u00fcnya fuarlar\u0131 gibi enternasyonal rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ilgi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve uygulanarak ba\u015far\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca Sarkis Bey\u2019in Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in talimat\u0131yla 600 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcnde bir demir gemi tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu geminin \u0130stanbul-Odesa aras\u0131nda posta seferleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi de yer al\u0131yor. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sipari\u015flerin verildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6neme rastgelen bu uygulaman\u0131n amac\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ileri teknolojilere sahip gemilerin yap\u0131labildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek\u2026 Sarkis Bey\u2019in as\u0131l deneyimi ise b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fantiyelerde geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yenilik\u00e7i y\u00f6ntemler. Saray, cami gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck kamu yap\u0131lar\u0131nda binlerce ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. (\u00d6rne\u011fin Aziziye Camii, \u00c7\u0131ra\u011fan Saray\u0131\u2026 ) Fransa\u2019dakilerden \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faatlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebildi\u011fi bilgisi, kitaptaki gazete haberlerinde yer al\u0131yor. Bunlar Sarkis Bey\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kamu yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7indeki sanayi imalat\u0131 a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Neredeyse kazan\u0131 hari\u00e7 \u201cta\u015f\u0131nabilir\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, bildi\u011fimiz bir buhar makinesinin yaln\u0131zca silindir k\u0131sm\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir makine! Sarkis Bey bu bulu\u015flarla, Frans\u0131z Bilimler Akademisi\u2019ne kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Sarkis Bey\u2019in motor \u00e7izimine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle otomotiv end\u00fcstrisi gibi alanlarda kullan\u0131lan y\u00fcksek devirli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc matkaplardaki bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava motorlar\u0131 ile benzerli\u011fi fark ediliyor. Sarkis Bey\u2019in \u00e7izimlerinden, bulu\u015funun d\u00f6neminin klasik buhar makinesinin pistonunun, kollar\u0131n\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7evirdi\u011fi krank milinin ataleti kar\u015f\u0131layacak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klara ihtiya\u00e7 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcreklilik ta\u015f\u0131yan bir hareket sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kullan\u0131lan buhar\u0131n silindirin i\u00e7ine al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir supap sistemine ihtiya\u00e7 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131, piston kollar\u0131n\u0131n ve krank\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc noktalar\u0131n\u0131n (\u00fcst ve alt) olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani enerji etkin bir hareket d\u00fczeni oldu\u011fu\u2026 \u00dcretim y\u00f6ntemi de \u00e7izimlerden belli oluyor: Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131ptan \u00e7\u0131kan iki simetrik par\u00e7adan olu\u015fuyor eliptik silindir. Bu arada silindirin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki ya\u011flama d\u00fczene\u011fi de ihmal edilmemi\u015f. Paletin ve yataklar\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye kar\u015f\u0131 ya\u011flanma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan hazne dikkati \u00e7ekiyor. Krank mili ise eliptik silindir i\u00e7inde asimetrik yerle\u015ftirilerek, d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel hareketin bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131 yarat\u0131rken, i\u00e7inde kayar vaziyette olan palet merkezka\u00e7 kuvvetiyle i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyle temas sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu makine tasar\u0131m\u0131, i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 Wankel rotatif motoru an\u0131msat\u0131yor. (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Mazda RX 7 gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve s\u00fcratli bir spor otomobilde ya da NSU Ro 80 gibi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir modelde kullan\u0131lan.) Sarkis Bey\u2019in bulu\u015funun tarihi 1860\u2019lar, hen\u00fcz i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar bilinmiyor\u2026 D\u00f6nemin Fransa bas\u0131n\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan haberlerde, bu rotatif buharl\u0131 motorun h\u0131z ve ekonomi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve Bilimler Akademisi\u2019ne sunulaca\u011f\u0131 bilgisi de yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Rotatif buhar makinesi \u015femas\u0131. A.g.e. sayfa 84.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

MISIR\u2019IN \u0130MPARATORLU\u011eUN MODERNLE\u015eMES\u0130NDEK\u0130 (UNUTULAN) ROL\u00dc<\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun karanl\u0131k 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131! \u015ea\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla malul zihinleri toparlamak i\u00e7in kitapta \u00f6nemli bir ipucu var: \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun bir vilayeti konumunda olan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, o tarihte olup bitenlere bakmadan bu geli\u015fmelerin yerine oturmas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Buhar makinelerinin in\u015faat alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile h\u0131z kazan\u0131yor. Hidiv hanedan\u0131 kendisini Avrupal\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. \u00dcyeleri Avrupa\u2019daki en iyi okullarda yeti\u015fiyor, Avrupal\u0131 liderler ile ili\u015fkiler kuruyor. Paris, Londra gibi \u00f6nde gelen Avrupa ba\u015fkentlerinde \u0130mparatorluk Hidiv ailesinin fertleri taraf\u0131ndan temsil ediliyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k M\u0131s\u0131r ile Osmanl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinin tarih kitaplar\u0131nda neden yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir soru.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 gibi k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte e\u015fi benzeri olmayan bir projenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi, geli\u015fmeleri yak\u0131ndan izleyen Osmanl\u0131 eliti i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir etken. M\u0131s\u0131r Hidivi 25 bin k\u00f6lenin \u201cbo\u011faz toklu\u011fu\u201dna \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131zlara taahh\u00fct ediyor. Ancak \u015fu i\u015fe bak\u0131n ki, o s\u0131rada Amerikan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lan\u0131yor ve k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. \u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri ile ili\u015fkisindeki hakimiyeti kaybettirece\u011fi kayg\u0131s\u0131 ile, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda k\u00f6le eme\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine bask\u0131 yap\u0131yor. Bunun \u00fczerine Frans\u0131zlar bu stratejik projeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir teknoloji seferberli\u011fine giri\u015fiyor. Marsilya\u2019dan gemilerle d\u00f6neminin \u00f6nc\u00fc teknolojilerine sahip buharl\u0131 kaz\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131ma makineleri getiriliyor. Bu, devasa in\u015faat end\u00fcstrinin geli\u015fmesinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oluyor. Yevmiye defterlerinden in\u015faatlarda k\u00f6le eme\u011fi kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ve teknolojik yenilikleri izleyen Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da bu geli\u015fmeyi Sarkis Bey sayesinde yak\u0131ndan izliyor ve kamu in\u015faatlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130STANBUL\u2019DA \u015eANT\u0130YELERDEK\u0130 GEL\u0130\u015eMELERE AVRUPA\u2019DAN GIPTA \u0130LE BAKILMASI<\/h2>\n

Bu kitab\u0131 okuyana kadar Sarkis Balyan\u2019\u0131n gemiler ve buhar makineleri, kazanlar\u0131 tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyordum. S\u0131radan bir profesyonelli\u011fin, bir mimar formasyonu \u00f6tesinde yenilik\u00e7i bir proje y\u00f6neticisi rol\u00fc, bir mucit, bir makine tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat iskeleleri ile rampalar yap\u0131p, kum, kire\u00e7, ta\u015f ve tu\u011fladan olu\u015fan a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckleri insan eme\u011fi ile veya kat\u0131r s\u0131rt\u0131nda \u00fcst katlara eri\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriliyor. Bu, \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6rt katl\u0131 binalar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli. Hen\u00fcz elektrik motoru icat edilmemi\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ya insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ya da hayvan g\u00fcc\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanan buhar makineleri ise b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ve ancak kay\u0131\u015flarla \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131nda g\u00fcc\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tabiliyor. \u015eantiyenin her k\u00f6\u015fesine, vin\u00e7, ta\u015f kesim, har\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, do\u011frama ve d\u00f6\u015feme kesimleri vs. i\u00e7in makine yerle\u015ftirmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Sarkis Bey\u2019in buharl\u0131 motor icad\u0131, nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ve bir kazandan borularla beslenebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u015fantiyenin de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde kullan\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n

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Emniyetli (patlamaz) kazan tasar\u0131m\u0131. A.g.e. sayfa 86.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1866 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7\u0131ra\u011fan Saray\u0131 \u015fantiyesini gezen yabanc\u0131 bir gazeteci, in\u015faat alan\u0131nda en az sekiz buharl\u0131 makinenin bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemliyor: Bu makineler sayesinde ah\u015fap kiri\u015fler dakikalar i\u00e7inde kesilmekte, kire\u00e7 ve kum y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 an\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak harca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Yine Fransa\u2019da yer alan bir haberde Beylerbeyi Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2 senede, yontma ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lan Y\u0131ld\u0131z K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn alt\u0131 ayda tamamlanmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6rnekler verilerek bu yetenekli mimar\u0131n \u015fantiye y\u00f6netimindeki dehas\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Haberlerde buhar makinelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile maliyetlerin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Avrupa\u2019dakilerden dahi h\u0131zl\u0131 say\u0131labilecek s\u00fcrelerde in\u015faatlar\u0131n bitirildi\u011fi bilgisi yer al\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca gazeteciler \u015fantiyelerde say\u0131s\u0131z dil konu\u015fuldu\u011funa tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyor: Frans\u0131zca, Ermenice, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, \u0130talyanca, Rumca\u2026 Bu kadar farkl\u0131 yapma bilgisini, ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan yana getirmek ve y\u00f6netmek kolay bir i\u015f olmasa gerek. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun milliyet\u00e7ilik kompleksi olmadan tersaneleri, fabrikalar\u0131, askeri kurumlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda in\u015faat i\u015flerini de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden en kalifiye mimarlara, m\u00fchendislere, ustalara, sanat\u00e7\u0131lara a\u00e7abildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

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Emniyetli (patlamaz) kazan i\u00e7in Alman Kayzerlik Patent b\u00fcrosundan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belge. A.g.e. sayfa 86.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

SARK\u0130S BEY VE M\u0130MAR K\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130N D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM\u00dc<\/h2>\n

Sultanlar\u0131n himayesindeki se\u00e7kinler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ile modernle\u015fmek\u2026 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sanayile\u015fme hamlesi ba\u015flat\u0131yor. Tersaneler yenileniyor, modern dokuma, silah, d\u00f6k\u00fcm fabrikalar\u0131 kuruluyor. Osmanl\u0131 modernle\u015fmesi, kamu yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki ve askeri alandaki rekabetten de kaynaklanan dinamiklere sahip. Yenilikler ancak devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Modernle\u015fmenin sivil toplumdaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sanayi. \u0130n\u015faat, mekanik, metal i\u015fleme gibi konularda Ermenilerin ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktard\u0131klar\u0131 deneyimleri ve \u00fcretim kabiliyetleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sanayi kollar\u0131nda geli\u015fiyor. D\u00f6k\u00fcmhaneler, kal\u0131pl\u0131 in\u015faat malzemeleri at\u00f6lyeleri, \u00e7inicilik, kazanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tesisat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, matbaac\u0131l\u0131k becerilerinin izleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar uzan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fmesinin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Tarih\u00e7ede ailenin \u00fcyelerinin ki\u015filikleri, pozisyonlar\u0131, d\u00f6nemlerin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinden izler s\u00fcr\u00fclebiliyor: Modernle\u015fme s\u00fcreci dedi\u011fimiz d\u00f6nem olduk\u00e7a kompleks, katmanl\u0131 ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131yan bir zaman dilimi. \u00d6nce saray i\u00e7inde ba\u015flayan modernle\u015fme, daha sonra d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki akt\u00f6rlere a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Balyanlar s\u00fclalesinin son fertlerinden olan Sarkis Bey, bir taraftan saraya ba\u011fl\u0131, y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan bir memur, ayn\u0131 zamanda da \u201cmodern mimar\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131na girebilecek bir profesyonel. Teknolojiye, yeniliklere kar\u015f\u0131 tutkulu ve kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden, kullanan \u00f6nc\u00fc bir ki\u015filik. Bir devlet g\u00f6revlisi olarak projeler yap\u0131yor, yapt\u0131r\u0131yor ve in\u015faatlar\u0131 organize ediyor, y\u00f6netiyor. Hem tasar\u0131mc\u0131 hem uygulama sorumlusu hem kamu g\u00f6revlisi hem m\u00fcteahhit. Bu ko\u015fullarda yenilikler ister istemez kamu alan\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Saray, modernle\u015fmede \u00f6nc\u00fc rol\u00fc oynuyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Sarkis Bey, kariyerinin son a\u015famas\u0131nda da bir \u201cserbest mimar\u201d olarak da hizmet veriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yerle\u015fik patronaj sistemleri de\u011fi\u015fiyor ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z akt\u00f6rler devreye giriyor. Ailenin kamusal alandaki rolleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki bi\u00e7iminden ba\u015fka alanlara do\u011fru kay\u0131yor.\u00a0Saray \u00e7evresinde ba\u015flayan modernle\u015fme dinamikleri, Sarkis Bey\u2019in kendi ofisini a\u00e7mas\u0131 ve saray d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filere de hizmet vermeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran Balyanlar\u2019\u0131 az \u00e7ok tan\u0131yorduk ama bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile daha iyi tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olduk. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun modernle\u015fme ser\u00fcveninin de hi\u00e7 yabana at\u0131lmayacak \u00f6zg\u00fcn boyutlar i\u00e7erdi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Ulus devletin kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7inde 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n karanl\u0131kta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kurumlar\u0131yla hala kendisini yeniden \u00fcreten, kolayca paranteze al\u0131n\u0131p ge\u00e7ilemeyecek bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci\u2026 Bu s\u00fcrecin \u201cstilistik\u201d kal\u0131plar i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 (ve alg\u0131lanmas\u0131) hala ayn\u0131 neoklasik tahayy\u00fcl d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu s\u00fcrece de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 ile yakla\u015fmamak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczle ilgili bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmeye \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6zenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren mimar B\u00fcke Uras\u2019a, bu eserin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6steren Haycar Derne\u011fi\u2019ne, destek veren ki\u015filere te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmek gerekli\u2026<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/bir-osmanli-mucidi-sarkis-balyan-haber-1529539<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n modernle\u015fmesinin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Korhan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Balyanlar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fme d\u00f6nemine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran saray mimarlar\u0131\u2026 Mimarl\u0131k tarih\u00e7isi B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n me\u015fakkatli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap okurlara, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":63958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,70,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-makaleler","category-unluler"],"yoast_head":"\nBir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n modernle\u015fmesinin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Korhan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Balyanlar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fme d\u00f6nemine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran saray mimarlar\u0131\u2026 Mimarl\u0131k tarih\u00e7isi B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n me\u015fakkatli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap okurlara, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-26T10:10:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Sarkis-Balyan.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"651\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"362\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63957#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63957\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Bir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-26T10:10:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63957\"},\"wordCount\":2312,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63957#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Sarkis-Balyan.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler\",\"Makaleler\",\"\u00dcnl\u00fcler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63957#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63957\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63957\",\"name\":\"Bir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan - 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n modernle\u015fmesinin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Korhan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Balyanlar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fme d\u00f6nemine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran saray mimarlar\u0131\u2026 Mimarl\u0131k tarih\u00e7isi B\u00fcke Uras\u2019\u0131n me\u015fakkatli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Korpus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018Balyanlar: Osmanl\u0131 Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Balyan Ar\u015fivi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap okurlara, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2021-07-26T10:10:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":651,"height":362,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Sarkis-Balyan.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Bir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan","datePublished":"2021-07-26T10:10:52+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957"},"wordCount":2312,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Sarkis-Balyan.png","articleSection":["Haberler","Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler","Makaleler","\u00dcnl\u00fcler"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63957","name":"Bir Osmanl\u0131 mucidi: Sarkis Balyan - 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