{"id":63611,"date":"2021-07-02T01:37:03","date_gmt":"2021-07-02T06:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611"},"modified":"2021-07-02T01:37:03","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T06:37:03","slug":"2020-uluslararasi-dini-ozgurlukler-raporu-turkiye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611","title":{"rendered":"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/h1>\n

Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Anayasa, \u00fclkeyi laik bir devlet olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve vicdan, dini inan\u00e7, kanaat, ifade ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekte ve dini gerek\u00e7elerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmesini yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bir devlet kurumu olan Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Diyanet), \u0130slam\u2019la ilgili dini konular\u0131 idare ve koordine etmekte olup g\u00f6revleri, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 uygulamak, dini e\u011fitim vermek ve dini kurumlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmektir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n, Ocak ay\u0131nda Ermeni bir vatanda\u015fa Peygamber Hazreti Muhammed\u2019i ele\u015ftirmek suretiyle kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla verilmi\u015f olan 13 bu\u00e7uk ayl\u0131k hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 onad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi bas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de sadece Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi\u2019ne mensup Ortodoks Hristiyanlar\u0131, Musevileri ve Rum Ortodoks inanc\u0131na sahip Hristiyanlar\u0131 kapsayan 1923 y\u0131l\u0131na ait Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan yorumlanmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tan\u0131nmayan gayrim\u00fcslimlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya devam etti. Medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmayan Protestan cemaati \u00f6nderlerine y\u00f6nelik \u00fclkeye giri\u015f yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme faaliyetlerinin h\u0131zla art\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, dini az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n\u0131n kendi din adamlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitmesine k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirmeye devam etti ve Heybeliada\u2019daki Rum Ortodoks Ruhban Okulu\u2019nun kapal\u0131 olma durumu s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Dini az\u0131nl\u0131klar; ibadethane a\u00e7mak veya i\u015fletmek, arazi ve m\u00fclkiyetle ilgili anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve arazileri daha evvel h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kiliselerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmak, dini vak\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmak ve okullardaki zorunlu din derslerinden muaf olmak gibi konularda zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Dini az\u0131nl\u0131klar, \u00f6zellikle de Alevi cemaati mensuplar\u0131, kamusal e\u011fitim sistemindeki dini i\u00e7erik ve uygulamalara bir kez daha itirazlarda bulundu. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan ve ilk ba\u015fta bir Ortodoks Kilisesi olan, sonras\u0131nda ise \u00f6nce camiye ard\u0131ndan yine m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan Ayasofya M\u00fczesini Temmuz ay\u0131nda yeniden camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in ibadete a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda benzer bir \u015fekilde Kariye M\u00fczesi\u2019nin de yeniden camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verdi. S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Metropolitli\u011finin bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019nin in\u015faat\u0131na devam edildi.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bas\u0131nda yer alan bir habere g\u00f6re Katolik Keldani Kilisesi Papaz\u0131n\u0131n annesi \u015eimoni Diril e\u015fiyle birlikte kimli\u011fi belirsiz ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve iki ay sonra 20 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc Diril\u2019in cans\u0131z bedeni yak\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. Medyada yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re ibadethanelere ve mezarl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcnferit vandalist eylemler devam etti. May\u0131s ay\u0131nda bir ki\u015finin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki bir Ermeni kilisesini yakmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etme g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri g\u00fcvenlik kameralar\u0131na tak\u0131ld\u0131. Polis, \u015f\u00fcpheliyi g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131rken yetkililer \u015fah\u0131sla ilgili vandall\u0131k su\u00e7lamas\u0131nda bulundu. Di\u011fer medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 da Ankara\u2019da yer alan Ortak\u00f6y Hristiyan mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 20 mezar ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tahrip edilmesi de dahil olmak \u00fczere mezarl\u0131klar\u0131nda vandall\u0131k olaylar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Bir habere g\u00f6re 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Alevilerin an\u0131s\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan an\u0131t, Haziran ay\u0131nda kimli\u011fi belirsiz ki\u015filerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemler ve nefret s\u00f6ylemleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131nda ve sosyal medyada yer almaya devam etti; Mart ay\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyal medya sitelerinde COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Yahudilerle ili\u015fkilendiren Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerin oldu\u011funa dair bas\u0131nda ve Yahudi yay\u0131n kurulu\u015fu Avlaremoz\u2019da haberler yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ziyaret eden Amerikal\u0131 yetkililer ve di\u011fer konsolosluk ve b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik yetkilileri, dini \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sayg\u0131 duyulmas\u0131n\u0131n ve kanun \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herkese e\u015fit muamele yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemi h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri nezdinde vurgulamaya devam ettiler. ABD H\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti dini gruplara uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 kald\u0131rmaya ve m\u00fclklerin sahiplerine iadesi hususunda ilerleme kaydetmeye davet etti. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 da dahil \u00fcst d\u00fczey ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Heybeliada Ruhban Okulu\u2019nun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermeye ve \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm cemaatlerin ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimine izin vermeye davet etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Haziran ay\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Din \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel El\u00e7isi, h\u00fck\u00fcmete Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcze stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kalmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. 25 Haziran\u2019da Twitter \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131mda \u201cAyasofya, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7lara sahip milyarlarca inanan i\u00e7in muazzam manevi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6neme sahiptir. Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde m\u00fcze olarak herkesin eri\u015febilirli\u011finin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve @UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 sit alan\u0131 olarak devam\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde #T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuyoruz\u201d dedi. Temmuz ay\u0131nda D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u201c\u00fclkenin inan\u00e7 geleneklerine sayg\u0131 taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n bir m\u00fcze olarak kalmaya devam etmesini sa\u011flamaya\u201d \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131, ABD\u2019nin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya genelinde dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler konusundaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc duru\u015funu vurgulamak \u00fczere Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ziyarette Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik 1. Bartholomeos ve Vatikan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Ba\u015fpiskopos Paul Russel ile bir araya geldi. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131, Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan R\u00fcstem Pa\u015fa Camisi\u2019ni de ziyaret etti. El\u00e7ilik ve konsolosluk yetkilileri, dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve dinler aras\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine vurgu yapmak ve dini gruplar\u0131n mensuplar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131namak \u00fczere Rum Ortodoks, Yahudi, Ermeni Apostolik Ortodoks, Roma Katolik, Protestan, Alevi, S\u00fcryani Ortodoks ve Keldani Katolikleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok az\u0131nl\u0131k cemaatinin ruhani lideriyle de bir araya geldi.<\/p>\n

I. K\u0131s\u0131m \u2013 Dini Demografi<\/strong><\/h1>\n

ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, (2020 y\u0131l ortas\u0131 tahminlerine g\u00f6re) toplam n\u00fcfusun 82.0 milyon oldu\u011funu tahmin etmektedir. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetine g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 99\u2019u M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019d\u0131r ve bunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 77.5\u2019i S\u00fcnni, Hanefi mezhebine mensuptur. Di\u011fer dini gruplar\u0131n temsilcilerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 0.2\u2019sine denk geldi\u011fi tahmin edilirken son zamanlarda yap\u0131lan ve Ocak 2019\u2019da T\u00fcrk ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketi KONDA taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan kamuoyu anketlerine g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 3\u2019\u00fc kendisini ateist olarak tan\u0131mlarken y\u00fczde 2\u2019si de herhangi bir dine mensup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Alevi cemaati liderleri, Alevilerin toplam n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 25 ila 31\u2019ini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tahmininde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Pew Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde be\u015finin kendilerini Alevi olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. \u015eii Caferi cemaatiyse toplam n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tahmininde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslim dini gruplar, \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0130stanbul\u2019da ve di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirler ile g\u00fcneydo\u011fuda toplanm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Gayrim\u00fcslim dini gruplara ili\u015fkin net rakamlar mevcut bulunmasa da bu gruplar kendi say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 (Ermenistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler de dahil olmak \u00fczere) yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 90,000 Ermeni Apostolik Ortodoks Hristiyan; (Afrika ve Filipinler\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler de dahil olmak \u00fczere) 25,000 Roma Katolik ve 16,000 Musevi \u015feklinde bildirmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 25,000 S\u00fcryani Ortodoks (S\u00fcryaniler olarak da bilinirler), (ikamet iznine sahip \u00e7o\u011fu Rusya g\u00f6\u00e7meni olan) 15,000 Rus Ortodoks Hristiyan ile 10,000 Bahai de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer dini gruplara ili\u015fkin tahminlere g\u00f6re ise 7,000 ila 10,000 Protestan mezhebi mensubu, 5,000 Yehova \u015eahidi, 3,000\u2019den az Keldani Hristiyan ve 2,500 kadar Rum Ortodoks Hristiyan ile 1,000\u2019den az Ezidi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n haricinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve say\u0131s\u0131 bilinmeyen Bulgar Ortodokslar, Nasturiler, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Ortodoks, Ukraynal\u0131 Ortodoks, S\u00fcryani Katolik, Ermeni Katolik, Keldani Katolik ve Maruni Hristiyanlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in Son Zaman Azizler Kilisesi (\u0130sa Mesih\u2019in Kilisesi) mensuplar\u0131n\u0131nsa 300 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

II. K\u0131s\u0131m- H\u00fck\u00fcmetin Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere Sayg\u0131 G\u00f6sterilmesi Konusundaki Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Yasal \u00c7er\u00e7eve<\/h2>\n

Anayasa, \u00fclkeyi laik bir devlet olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve vicdan, dini inan\u00e7, kanaat, ifade ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Anayasa, bireylerin dini t\u00f6renlere kat\u0131lmaya ya da dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya zorlanmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve ibadetlerin \u201cdevletin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne\u201d y\u00f6nelmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece serbest\u00e7e yerine getirilmesini garanti alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Anayasa, dini gerek\u00e7elerle ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklamakta ve \u201cdinin veya dini duygular\u0131n yahut dince kutsal say\u0131lan \u015feylerin\u201d istismar edilmesini veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da devlet d\u00fczenini \u201ck\u0131smen de olsa\u201d din kurallar\u0131na dayand\u0131rmay\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anayasa, devletin \u0130slam\u2019la ilgili konular\u0131 koordine etti\u011fi Diyanet kurumunu tesis etmektedir. Yasaya g\u00f6re Diyanet\u2019in g\u00f6revi \u00f6zellikle S\u00fcnni \u0130slam\u2019a a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verecek \u015fekilde \u0130slam inanc\u0131n\u0131, uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ahlaki ilkelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamak ve te\u015fvik etmek, halk\u0131 dini konularda e\u011fitmek ve camilerin idaresini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Diyanet, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kurulu\u015f olarak din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fcniversitelerin ilahiyat fak\u00fcltelerinde g\u00f6rev yapan \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlilerinden olu\u015fan 16 ki\u015filik bir kurul taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmektedir. Diyanet b\u00fcnyesinde, y\u00fcksek kurullar ad\u0131yla da bilinen Din \u0130\u015fleri, Hac ve Umre Hizmetleri, E\u011fitim, Dini Yay\u0131nlar ve Halkla \u0130li\u015fkiler \u015feklinde be\u015f ana birim yer almaktad\u0131r. Kanunca \u015fart ko\u015fulmu\u015f olmasa da kurul \u00fcyelerinin tamam\u0131 S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dini de\u011ferlere hakareti yasaklayan bir kanun olmasa dahi Ceza Kanununda dini de\u011ferlere alenen sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u201chalk\u0131 din ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik etmekle\u201d ilgili su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kanun, \u201cdine g\u00f6re kutsal say\u0131lan de\u011ferlerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d su\u00e7 kabul etmektedir. Dine hakaret edilmesi, alt\u0131 aydan bir y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ceza kanunu, imam, rahip ve haham gibi din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirdikleri s\u0131rada devlet idaresini ya da kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201ctakbih veya tezyif\u201d edecek hareketlerde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bu yasa\u011f\u0131n ihlal edilmesi halinde bir aydan bir y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ya da su\u00e7, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 kanuna uymamaya tahrik fiilini i\u00e7eriyorsa \u00fc\u00e7 aydan iki y\u0131la kadar s\u00fcreyle hapis cezas\u0131 verilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Dini gruplar\u0131n faaliyetlerini yerine getirebilmeleri i\u00e7in devlet nezdinde tescilli olmalar\u0131na gerek bulunmasa da ibadethanelerin kanunen tan\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bir ibadethanenin kanunen tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, yeni ibadethanenin in\u015faat\u0131 veya tespitine y\u00f6nelik olarak belediyelerden izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan ibadethane olarak tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olan yerlerde ibadet yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r; devlet, kanunu ihlal edenlere para cezas\u0131 kesebilmekte ya da kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 yerleri kapatabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bir dini grubun ibadetine m\u00fcdahale edilmesi, bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131yla; dini m\u00fclkiyete zarar verilmesi \u00fc\u00e7 aydan bir y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131yla ve dini m\u00fclk\u00fcn tahrip ya da imha edilmesiyse bir y\u0131ldan d\u00f6rt y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130badethane olarak tescil edilmemi\u015f yerlerde ibadet yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, uygulamada bu hukuki yasaklamalar sadece tan\u0131nan dini gruplar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar h\u00fck\u00fcmet genellikle bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 uygulamasa da kanun, S\u00fbf\u00ee ve di\u011fer dini tarikatlar\u0131 ve cemaatleri yasaklamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Erkekler i\u00e7in askerlik hizmeti zorunludur; vicdani retle ilgili bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan bir politikaya g\u00f6re ki\u015filerin 37,070 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 (5,000 Dolar) \u00fccret \u00f6deyerek askerlik hizmetinden muaf olmas\u0131na izin veriliyor olsa da bu \u00fccreti \u00f6deyen ki\u015filerin de \u00fc\u00e7 haftal\u0131k temel e\u011fitim program\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Zorunlu askerlik hizmetine dini gerek\u00e7elerle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar, askeri ve sivil mahkemelerde yarg\u0131lanabilmekte ve h\u00fck\u00fcm giymeleri halinde iki ay ila iki y\u0131l aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen hapis cezalar\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Dini cemaatlerin y\u00f6netimi ve idari yap\u0131lar\u0131 t\u00fczel bir ki\u015filik gerektirmedi\u011finden cemaatler do\u011frudan m\u00fclkiyet sat\u0131n alamamakta ya da m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulunduramamakta ya da mahkeme nezdinde bu m\u00fclkler i\u00e7in hak iddia edememektedir. Cemaatler, varl\u0131k ve m\u00fclklere sahip olmak ve y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in tek tek kurullar\u0131n y\u00f6netimindeki ayr\u0131 vak\u0131f ya da derneklerin deste\u011fiyle varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

1935 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir kanun, mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n dini ya da etnik k\u00f6kenini temel alan vak\u0131flar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamakta olsa da bu kanunun kabul\u00fcnden \u00f6nce var olan vak\u0131flara muafiyet tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcredir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan bu vak\u0131flar gayrim\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmektedir; bunlardan 167\u2019si varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olup \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Rum Ortodoks, Ermeni Ortodoks ve Musevi cemaatleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulamada ise 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yasan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kurulan dini bir grup, beyan etti\u011fi amac\u0131n\u0131n dini olmaktan ziyade hay\u0131r, e\u011fitim veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla dernek ya da vak\u0131f olarak tescil edilmek \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilmektedir. Alt\u0131 Protestan vakf\u0131 (bunlar\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fc 1935 Vak\u0131flar Kanunu\u2019nun kabul\u00fcnden \u00f6nce mevcuttu), 36 Protestan derne\u011fi ve bu derneklerle ili\u015fkili 30\u2019u a\u015fk\u0131n temsilcilik b\u00fcrosu bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (VGM), t\u00fcm vak\u0131flar\u0131n faaliyetlerini ve vak\u0131flara ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fclkleri d\u00fczenlemekte ve vak\u0131flar\u0131n beyan edilen hedef ve kurulu\u015f t\u00fcz\u00fckleri dahilinde faaliyet g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmektedir. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan kanunun \u00f6ncesinde var olan dini cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok vak\u0131f kategorisi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir vakf\u0131n faaliyetlerine son vermesi durumunda, devlet s\u00f6z konusu vakf\u0131n art\u0131k faal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ve vakf\u0131n t\u00fcm varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n devlete devri hususunda mahkemelere dilek\u00e7e verebilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin, kararnamelerle vak\u0131f kapatabildi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hangi kategoride olursa olsun vak\u0131flar ancak mahkeme karar\u0131yla kapat\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Vak\u0131flar, \u015firketler ve kira geliri sa\u011flayan m\u00fclk ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar yoluyla gelir elde edebilir. Vak\u0131f kurma s\u00fcreci, dernek kurma s\u00fcrecinden daha uzun ve pahal\u0131d\u0131r ancak derneklerin yerel d\u00fczeyde vak\u0131flara nazaran daha az yasal hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok say\u0131da dini topluluk, kendilerine uygun dernekleri resmi olarak tescil ettirmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Dernekler, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmemek ve sadece ba\u011f\u0131\u015f \u015feklinde mali destek almak zorundad\u0131r. Bir derne\u011fin tescili i\u00e7in bir grubun dernek i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kurucu \u00fcyelerinin ad\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir listenin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu destekleyici belgelerle ilgili ilin valili\u011fine ba\u015fvuruda bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Yabanc\u0131 bir derne\u011fin ya da k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015fun kurucu \u00fcye listesinde yer almas\u0131 durumunda grubun \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iznini almas\u0131 gereklidir; s\u00f6z konusu grubun kurucu \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7inde yabanc\u0131 olmas\u0131 halindeyse o ki\u015filerin oturma izinlerinin birer \u00f6rne\u011fini ibraz etmeleri gerekmektedir. Valili\u011fin s\u00f6z konusu i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanuna ya da anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmas\u0131 halinde, derne\u011fin yasal ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmas\u0131 gerekir. Kanun gere\u011fi valilik, kurulu\u015fun i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fine kanaat getirdi\u011fi faaliyetleri i\u00e7in dernek yetkililerini para cezas\u0131 ya da di\u011fer cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131rabilmektedir. Bir dernek, mahkeme emriyle kapat\u0131labilir ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dernek veya vakf\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak kapatabilir ve kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 i\u00e7in 48 saat i\u00e7inde mahkemeye m\u00fcracaat edebilir. Aksi halde h\u00fck\u00fcmet, vak\u0131flar\u0131 ve dernekleri ancak ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hallerde kararnameyle kapatabilmektedir. Medeni kanun, derneklerin din, etnik k\u00f6ken veya \u0131rka dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapmamas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kanun gere\u011fi mahkumlar\u0131n dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fini hapiste yerine getirme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r; ancak t\u00fcm hapishanelerde ibadet yeri bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kanuna g\u00f6re cezaevi yetkilileri, mahk\u00fbmun dini inanc\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak din g\u00f6revlilerinin kitap ve di\u011fer materyalleri sa\u011flamalar\u0131na izin vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anayasa, devlet okullar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zel okullar\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndan itibaren t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131flarda i\u00e7eri\u011fi Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yetki alan\u0131na giren Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Din \u00d6\u011fretimi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen zorunlu din ve ahlak dersi verilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.\u00a0 \u00d6\u011frencilere, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131ftan on ikinci s\u0131n\u0131fa kadar haftada iki saat din dersi verilmektedir. Sadece kimliklerinde \u201cHristiyan\u201d ya da \u201cMusevi\u201d ibaresi yer alan \u00f6\u011frencilerin din derslerinden muaf olmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ateistler, agnostikler, Aleviler ya da di\u011fer S\u00fcnni olmayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Bahailer, Ezidiler ya da kimliklerinde din ibaresinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bo\u015f b\u0131rakan ki\u015filer, din derslerinden nadiren muaf tutulmaktad\u0131r. Ortaokul ve lise \u00f6\u011frencileri, normal okul saatleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda haftada iki saat olacak \u015fekilde se\u00e7meli ek \u0130slam dini e\u011fitimi alabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, ki\u015finin mensubu oldu\u011fu dini inanc\u0131 g\u00f6sterir \u00f6zel bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ipli kimlik belgelerini da\u011f\u0131tmaya devam etmektedir. Ki\u015finin dini mensubiyetine ili\u015fkin bilgiler \u00e7ipte kaydedilmekte ve yetkili kamu g\u00f6revlileri bu bilgileri \u201cnitelikli ki\u015fisel veri\u201d \u015feklinde g\u00f6rebilmekte ve bu veriler \u00f6zel bilgi olarak korunmaktad\u0131r. Eskiden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan kimlikler halen ge\u00e7erli olup bu kimliklerde ki\u015finin mensubu oldu\u011fu dini inanc\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu ki\u015fi bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131labilmeyi tercih edebilmektedir. Bu eski kimlik kartlar\u0131nda se\u00e7enek olarak \u015fu dini kimlikler yer almaktayd\u0131: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Rum Ortodoks, Ortodoks olmayan Hristiyan, Musevi, Hindu, Zerd\u00fc\u015ft, Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc, Taocu, Budist, Dinsiz ya da di\u011fer. Bahai, Alevi ve Ezidi ile \u00fclkede bulundu\u011fu bilinen di\u011fer gruplar kimlik kartlar\u0131nda yer almamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde ve kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki i\u015fverenler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara dine dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapamaz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar, bu hususta \u0130\u015f Mahkemesi nezdinde i\u015fverenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7abilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, bu konuda bir ihlal oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamas\u0131 halinde istihdam konusunda verilen karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na ilaveten s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n d\u00f6rt ay maa\u015fa kadar tazminat hakk\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetin Mevcut Uygulamalar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re, Ocak ay\u0131nda, Yarg\u0131tay, s\u00fcrg\u00fcne giden Ermeni k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 Sevan Ni\u015fanyan\u2019\u0131n Hazreti Muhammed\u2019e y\u00f6nelik kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik edebilecek \u201chakaret i\u00e7eren\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckler kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle verilmi\u015f olan 13 bu\u00e7uk ayl\u0131k hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 onad\u0131. Mahkeme, karar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkenin ceza kanununa dayand\u0131rmakla kalmay\u0131p \u0130.A. yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM) nezdinde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti aleyhine 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan davada \u201cucuz sald\u0131r\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek dini beyanlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131 da al\u0131nt\u0131layarak gerek\u00e7elendirmi\u015ftir. Karara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan bir Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesi ise Ni\u015fanyan\u2019\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozan herhangi bir somut olgunun da meydana gelmedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Medyada yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir lisede din k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve ahlak bilgisi \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan Cemil Kelik, yetkililerce uzak bir \u015fehre atanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan eski g\u00f6revine iade edildi ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmaya devam etti. Kelik, ateistlerle deistlerin ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u201ckendinden menkul\u201d M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131nkiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130slam\u2019da zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledikten sonra 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6revinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

20 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc, polis, ana muhalefetteki Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin (CHP) eski bir g\u00f6revlisi olan Banu \u00d6zdemir\u2019i, camilerin hoparl\u00f6rlerinden \u0130talyanlar\u0131n solcu devrim \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u201c\u00c7av Bella\u201d \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri Twitter \u00fczerinden payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131p tutuklad\u0131 ve kendisini \u201chalk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa alenen tahrik etmekle\u201d su\u00e7lad\u0131. Savc\u0131l\u0131k, \u00d6zdemir hakk\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis istemiyle iddianame haz\u0131rlad\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda kendisi serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda mahkeme, \u00d6zdemir\u2019in beraatine karar verdi.<\/p>\n

16 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc muhalefet yanl\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazete S\u00f6zc\u00fc, sosyal medyada Peygamber Hz. Muhammed\u2019e y\u00f6nelik hakaret i\u00e7erikli karikat\u00fcr payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulunarak halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa alenen tahrik etti\u011fi i\u00e7in Muhammed Cevdet S.\u2019nin \u0130stanbul\u2019da tutuklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberini verdi. Y\u0131l sonu itibariyle konuyla ilgili ba\u015fka geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hristiyan Dayan\u0131\u015fma Birli\u011fine (CSW) g\u00f6re polis, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mardin\u2019deki 1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k Mor Yakup Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc K\u00fcrdistan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi (PKK) mensuplar\u0131na ekmek ve su verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Rahip Sefer Bile\u00e7en (Rahip Aho olarak da bilinir) ile birlikte di\u011fer iki S\u00fcryani\u2019yi Ocak ay\u0131nda tutuklad\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131. Bir sonraki duru\u015fman\u0131n Ocak 2021\u2019de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u201cgayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klara\u201d geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde at\u0131fta bulunan 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131, m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran tan\u0131nan \u00fc\u00e7 gruba; Ermeni Apostolik Ortodoks Hristiyanlara, Musevilere ve Rum Ortodoks Hristiyanlara \u00f6zel hukuki az\u0131nl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fc verdi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u0130stanbul Ermeni Apostolik Patrikli\u011fi, \u0130stanbul Ek\u00fcmenik Patriklikli\u011fi ve Hahamba\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00f6neticilerini veya idari yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filik olarak tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bunlar\u0131n m\u00fclk sat\u0131n alma veya sahip olmalar\u0131 ya da mahkemelerde dava a\u00e7malar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. Di\u011fer dini az\u0131nl\u0131k cemaatleriyle birlikte bu \u00fc\u00e7 grup, dini m\u00fclklere sahip olmak ve bu m\u00fclkleri kontrollerinde tutabilmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131 ile daha \u00f6nceden kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z vak\u0131flardan yararlanmak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ocak 2019\u2019da A\u0130HM, Yedinci G\u00fcn Adventistleri\u2019nin vak\u0131f kurmas\u0131na izin vermemesi sebebiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, toplanma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc teminat alt\u0131na alan Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni ihlal etti\u011finde karar k\u0131ld\u0131. Mahkeme karar\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki cemaatin alt\u0131 mensubuna toplam 8.724 Avro (10.700 Dolar) tazminat \u00f6denmesini gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc. S\u00f6z konusu tazminata hukuki yard\u0131m ve avukat ve mahkeme masraflar\u0131 da dahildi; y\u0131l sonu itibariyle h\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u00f6z konusu alt\u0131 ki\u015fiye tazminat \u00f6deyip \u00f6demedi\u011fine dair bir bilgi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6deme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir a\u00e7\u0131klama da bulunmamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Apostolik Patrikhanesi ve Rum Ortodoks Ek\u00fcmenik Patrikhanesi, hukuken tan\u0131nabilmek i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc; cemaatleri de ayr\u0131 dini vak\u0131flar\u0131n \u00fcyeleri s\u0131fat\u0131yla faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Protestan Kilisesi Vakf\u0131, Haziran ay\u0131nda bir bas\u0131n duyurusu yaparak \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hizmet eden Protestan yabanc\u0131 din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkede ikametlerinin gittik\u00e7e zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d bildirdi. Merkezi Ankara\u2019da bulunan Protestan Kilisesi Vakf\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re y\u0131l i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7bir kilise tescil edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131. \u0130ki grup da \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan tescil talepleriyle ilgili bir ilerleme kaydetmediler.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok say\u0131da Protestan kilisesi temsilcisi, ibadethanelerin tescil edilmesi konusunda b\u00fcrokratik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Kilise temsilcileri, yerel yetkililerin tescil ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 onaylamamas\u0131 ve camilere uygulanmayan asgari alan ihtiyac\u0131 gibi imar standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kiliselere uygulamaya s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinden dolay\u0131 ibadetlerini yapabilmek i\u00e7in tescil edilmemi\u015f yerlerde toplanmaya devam ettiklerini belirtti. Yetkililer, bu \u015fart\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerine, havalimanlar\u0131na ve di\u011fer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerlere cami yapmalar\u0131na izin verdi\u011fi S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcman cemaatlerine uygulamad\u0131. Buna ilaveten baz\u0131 Protestan kiliseleri, yerel yetkililerin binalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ha\u00e7 as\u0131p g\u00f6stermelerine izin vermedi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n

Haziran 2019\u2019da Bursa\u2019daki yerel bir mahkeme, Bursa\u2019da Protestan bir cemaatin vak\u0131f kurma ba\u015fvurusunu onaylad\u0131. Y\u0131l sonu itibariyle h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Protestan vakf\u0131n\u0131n 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda kamu kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131larak renove edilen bir kilisenin uzun d\u00f6nemli kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin talebine halen cevap vermemi\u015fti. Roma Katolik, Ortodoks ve T\u00fcrk Protestan cemaatleri, VGM\u2019nin 10 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir sahibi oldu\u011fu binay\u0131 payla\u015fmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n

Devlet, b\u00fcy\u00fck hapishanelerde S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in mescit (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cami) ve S\u00fcnni din g\u00f6revlisi imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya devam etti. Aleviler ve gayrim\u00fcslimlereyse hapishanelerde kendi inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fini yerine getirme konusunda din adam\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flanmamaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, di\u011fer dinlere mensup din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n hapishanelerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit etmemek suretiyle cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izniyle kendi dinlerine mensup ki\u015filere dini hizmet sa\u011flamak \u00fczere bulunduklar\u0131 hapishanelere girmelerine izin verildi.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, Alevi \u0130slam anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na heterodoks bir \u0130slam \u201cmezhebi\u201d muamelesi yapmaya devam etti ve Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n cemevlerinin ibadethane oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi\u011fi karara ra\u011fmen Alevilerin ibadethanelerini (cemevlerini) tan\u0131mad\u0131. Mart 2018\u2019de Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131, camilerin gerek Aleviler gerekse S\u00fcnniler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygun ibadet yerleri oldu\u011funu belirtti. 13 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Meclisi, yedi cemevinin ibadethane stat\u00fcs\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131na karar verdi. 16 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye (\u0130BB) Meclisi toplant\u0131s\u0131nda di\u011fer belediye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin cemevlerini ibadethane olarak g\u00f6rmesiyle ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda cemevlerine \u00fccretsiz hizmet verilmesi hususu onayland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda muhalefet partisi Halklar\u0131n Demokratik Partisi\u2019nden bir milletvekili, Sivas\u2019\u0131n Hardal k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan Alevilerin, Alevi yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve Alevi toplumuna ait olan tarihi bir kona\u011f\u0131n camiye \u00e7evrilmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmet planlar\u0131na itiraz ettiklerini bildirerek K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na soru \u00f6nergesi verdi. Bakanl\u0131k ise y\u0131l sonu itibariyle soru \u00f6nergesine yan\u0131t vermemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

VGM, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sur \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nde bulunan Surp Giragos Ermeni ve Mar Petyun Keldani Kiliselerinin restorasyonuna devam etti. Y\u0131l boyunca h\u00fck\u00fcmet, PKK ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f m\u00fclklerin kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle dini gruplar\u0131n do\u011fan zarar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131 ve herhangi bir tazminat \u00f6demedi.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131l boyunca h\u00fck\u00fcmet, daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda el konulan m\u00fclkleri iade etmedi; h\u00fck\u00fcmet 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 56 m\u00fclk\u00fc S\u00fcryani cemaatine iade etmi\u015fti. Muhtelif cemaat temsilcileri, uygun hukuki yollarla ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet kanallar\u0131ndan m\u00fclklerinin iadesinin takibini yapmaya devam ettiklerini s\u00f6yledi. M\u00fclklerinin iadesi i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fvuruda bulunan Rum Ortodoks, Ermeni Ortodoks, Musevi, S\u00fcryani Ortodoks, Bulgar Ortodoks, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Ortodoks, Keldani ve Ermeni Protestan cemaatleri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayan bu taleplerin cemaatleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir mesele oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hukuki stat\u00fcleri nedeniyle tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f dini vak\u0131flar, el konulan m\u00fclkleri i\u00e7in tazminat almaya hak kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak vak\u0131flar\u0131 hukuken tan\u0131nmayan kurulu\u015f ve cemaatler bu haktan yararlanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dini topluluklar, \u00f6zellikle de Aleviler h\u00fck\u00fcmetin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir\u00e7ok e\u011fitim politikas\u0131yla ilgili endi\u015felerini dile getirdiler. Y\u0131l sonu itibar\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmet, A\u0130HM\u2019nin 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin devlet okullar\u0131nda zorunlu din dersi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fine dair karar\u0131na riayet etmemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi. A\u0130HM, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nan kararla ilgili olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 itiraz\u0131 reddetti ve Alevi toplumunun h\u00fck\u00fcmetin verdi\u011fi derslerde S\u00fcnni \u0130slam anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zendirildi\u011fine ve bunun Alevi toplumunun dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair yasal talebini hakl\u0131 buldu. A\u0130HM\u2019nin verdi\u011fi karar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yetkililer 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda din dersi m\u00fcfredat\u0131na Alevilikle ilgili materyal ilave etmi\u015fse de Alevi gruplar\u0131 bu e\u011fitim materyalinin yetersiz oldu\u011funu ve kimi durumlarda do\u011fru bilgi de vermedi\u011fini ifade etti. Alevi gruplar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya da davet etti.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcnni olmayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve dinini aktif olarak ya\u015famayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, ilk ve orta okullarda zorunlu din e\u011fitiminden muaf tutulma hususunda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaya devam ettiklerini ve kimliklerinde din ibaresinin oldu\u011fu yerde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yazmas\u0131 sebebiyle s\u0131kl\u0131kla S\u00fcnni \u0130slam anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin se\u00e7meli dersler aras\u0131ndan bir ders se\u00e7mek durumunda kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, zorunlu e\u011fitimin bir dizi d\u00fcnya dinini de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etse de Aleviler ve Hristiyan mezhep mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 dini gruplar, verilen derslerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla Hanefi S\u00fcnni \u0130slam \u00f6\u011fretisini yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Alevi inan\u00e7lar\u0131na mistisizm atf\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 e\u011fitim metinlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi derslerde di\u011fer dini gruplarla ilgili olumsuz ve yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin verildi\u011fini ifade etti. \u015eubat 2019\u2019da Konya B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi, zorunlu din dersi m\u00fcfredat\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda A\u0130HM\u2019nin h\u00fckmetti\u011fi \u00fczere e\u011fitim \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlallerini ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verdi. Haziran 2019\u2019da \u0130stanbul 12\u2019inci B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi, bir Alevi ebeveynin o\u011flunun zorunlu din dersinden muaf tutulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik itiraz\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti. Y\u0131l sonu itibariyle dava halen g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Diyanet\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re y\u0131l sonu itibariyle 128,534 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olup i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 18\u2019i kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fuyordu. Diyanet, imamlar gibi Diyanet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n her ilde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin y\u00f6netiminde bulunan \u00fcniversite yurtlar\u0131na atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan pilot program\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti. 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Diyanet, devlet \u00fcniversitesi yurtlar\u0131na 922 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan daha tayin etti. Diyanet, g\u00f6revlilerin yurtlardaki \u201cahlaki de\u011fer\u201d sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak amac\u0131yla \u201cahlaki bir rehberlik\u201d sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Diyanet\u2019in ilk m\u00fcft\u00fclerine her alt\u0131 ayda bir performans de\u011ferlendirmesi yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u0130slam inanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fi devlet okullar\u0131yla \u00f6zel ve dini okullara maddi kaynak sa\u011flamaya devam etti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131 gibi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e verilen e\u011fitimler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 maa\u015f \u00f6demesi haricinde Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde az\u0131nl\u0131k okulu olarak kabul edilen okullara bu t\u00fcr bir maddi kaynak temin etmedi. Dini az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131, di\u011fer t\u00fcm masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kilise ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve mezunlar\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarla kendileri finanse etti.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, Rum Ortodoks, Ermeni Ortodoks ve Musevi cemaatlerine ait vak\u0131flar\u0131n Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n denetimi alt\u0131nda okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitim faaliyeti y\u00fcr\u00fctmelerine izin vermeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kayda ge\u00e7irilmemi\u015f Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerle Suriye\u2019den gelen Ermeni m\u00fcltecilerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da bu okullarda e\u011fitim alabilmektedir. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, g\u00f6\u00e7men ve m\u00fclteci \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 hukuken \u201cmisafir\u201d olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya devam etti\u011finden bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu okullardan diploma almalar\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. Bu okullar\u0131n m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131nda sadece an\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 grubun k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc bilgiler yer almakta ve bu bilgiler sadece az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n\u0131n dillerinde \u00f6\u011fretilmektedir. S\u00fcryani Ortodoks cemaatinden bir temsilciye g\u00f6re cemaatleri bir anaokulu i\u015fletmeye devam etmekte ancak kre\u015ften 12\u2019inci s\u0131n\u0131fa kadar e\u011fitime devam edecek bir okul garantisi vermeye yetecek ya\u015fta \u00e7ocuk bulunmamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eubat ay\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan haberlere g\u00f6re veliler, \u0130smail Tarman Ortaokulu\u2019nun prensipte, h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan istihdam edilen imamlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirme amac\u0131 g\u00fcden, mesleki bir din okulu niteli\u011findeki imam hatip okuluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini durdurmak \u00fczere dilek\u00e7e verdi. Velilerin, b\u00f6lgelerinde halihaz\u0131rda be\u015f imam hatip okulu oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131 ve okulun imam hatip okuluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin \u00f6nlenmesine ili\u015fkin d\u00f6rt mahkeme karar\u0131 lehlerine verildi. Ancak Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, iki yerel idari mahkemesinin ve iki b\u00f6lge idare mahkemesinin kararlar\u0131na uymad\u0131 ve okul, y\u0131l sonuna kadar imam hatip okulu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti. Bas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan haberlere g\u00f6re baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin velileri, dini nitelikli olmayan baz\u0131 devlet okullar\u0131n\u0131n imam hatip okullar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirdi. \u00dclkenin genel b\u00fct\u00e7e i\u00e7indeki 2020 yat\u0131r\u0131m program\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6ncelikleri aras\u0131nda imam hatip okullar\u0131 i\u00e7in 460 milyon lira (61.96 milyon dolar) tahsis edilirken yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan fen okullar\u0131na ise 30 milyon lira (4.04 milyon dolar) kaynak tahsis edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

\u00dcniversitelerin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu \u00e7o\u011fu kamu binas\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n dua edebilece\u011fi mescit bulunmaktayd\u0131. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131lan her yeni okulda \u0130slami ibadetlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir oda ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lan bir y\u00f6netmelik yay\u0131nlad\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, S\u00fcnni olmayanlar i\u00e7in ibadet yerinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet binalar\u0131nda Alevilerin benzer ibadet yerleri kurmalar\u0131na izin vermemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Alevi liderler, \u00fclkede say\u0131lar\u0131 2500 ila 3000 civar\u0131ndaki cemevlerinin talebi kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetmedi\u011fini belirtti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, hangi dini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ekol\u00fcnden gelirse gelsin Diyanet\u2019in finanse etti\u011fi camilerin Alevilere ve t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu ifade etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Pek \u00e7ok Alevi vakf\u0131, alt\u0131 ila on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki okul \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n iki haftal\u0131k k\u0131\u015f tatilinde dini e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla yerel camilere g\u00f6nderilmesine ili\u015fkin devam etmekte olan bir program\u0131n sona erdirilmesi talebini yineledi. Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 81 ilden se\u00e7ilen 50.000 \u00e7ocu\u011fa y\u00f6nelik 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 program \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda da devam etti; y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 \u00e7ocuk kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi. Alevi temsilcileri, programa kat\u0131lmayan \u00f6\u011frencilerin kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flamad\u0131klar\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerden farkl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u201cayr\u0131 muameleye tabi\u201d tutulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek programa itiraz etti.
\n12 Ocak\u2019ta siyasi muhalefet ile ili\u015fkili bir gazete olan BirG\u00fcn, Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7 ilde anaokullar\u0131nda \u0130slam dini e\u011fitim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 pilot program\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberini yapt\u0131. Bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re bu derslerde \u00f6\u011frencilere, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc takmas\u0131 gibi \u0130slam geleneklerine uygun g\u00f6rselleri olumlu s\u0131fatlarla e\u015fle\u015ftirmeleri, ba\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ise olumsuz s\u0131fatlarla e\u015fle\u015ftirmeleri \u00f6\u011fretiliyordu. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, bu konuda verilen \u00f6rneklerin kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve materyali yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde cevap verdi.
\nMedyada yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re Haziran ay\u0131nda Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik I. Bartholomeos, \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan Rum Ortodoks din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimine imk\u00e2n vermek amac\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bir kez daha Heybeliada Ruhban Okulu\u2019nun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurum olarak yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermeye davet etti ve Ruhban Okulu\u2019nun kapal\u0131 kalmaya devam etmesinin y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde manast\u0131r olarak faaliyet g\u00f6steren okulun e\u011fitim gelene\u011finin kesintiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu\u011funu belirtti. Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 1971 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir karar\u0131yla, y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim veren \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar\u0131n faaliyetleri yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve bunun sonucunda Heybeliada Ruhban Okulu kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1982 Anayasas\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle \u00f6zel y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015f ancak bu kurulu\u015flar \u00fczerinde ciddi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara gidilmi\u015f ve Ruhban Okulu\u2019nun yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ve gelenekleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine de izin verilmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zc\u00fc gazetesinin Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131ndaki bir haberine g\u00f6re Diyanet, kap\u0131lar\u0131 kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Heybeliada Ruhban Okulu\u2019yla ayn\u0131 adada bulunan tarihi bir sanatoryumu \u0130slami e\u011fitim merkezi kurmak amac\u0131yla devrald\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din adamlar\u0131na e\u011fitim vermeye devam ederken di\u011fer dini gruplar\u0131n \u00fclke i\u00e7inde din adamlar\u0131na e\u011fitim vermelerine k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirdi. Rum Ortodoks ve Ermeni Ortodoks Patriklikleri, din adamlar\u0131na \u00fclke i\u00e7inde e\u011fitim veremediler. Protestan kiliseleri de \u00fclke i\u00e7inde din adamlar\u0131na e\u011fitim veremediklerini bildirerek bu durumun cemaatlerini yabanc\u0131 din adamlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hale getirdi\u011fini belirttiler. Yerel Protestan kilisesi temsilcileri, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin giderek daha fazla sayda yabanc\u0131 din adam\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmesinin, cemaatlerinin yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na seyahat etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmayan yerel din adamlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu raporda bu Protestan cemaatlerinin, din adamlar\u0131na \u00fclkede e\u011fitim veremedi\u011fi ve gerekli hizmeti verebilmek i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclere ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu ifade edildi. Yerel Protestan gruplar\u0131, yabanc\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hareket etmenin giderek daha zor bir hal almas\u0131 sebebiyle ve \u00fclkede e\u011fitim yapacak binalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p i\u015fletemediklerinden T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inden dini liderler yeti\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Cemaate ba\u011fl\u0131 kaynaklar y\u0131l boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmelerin ve \u00fclkeye giri\u015fe y\u00f6nelik yasaklamalar\u0131n \u00fclkede hukuka uygun \u015fekilde uzun d\u00f6nemli oturma iznine sahip ki\u015filer olarak ya\u015famakta olan ve daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6\u00e7le ilgili s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da ya\u015famayan yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan ki\u015fileri hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtti. 16 Haziran\u2019da \u0130stanbul Protestan Kilisesi Vakf\u0131 bir bas\u0131n duyurusu yay\u0131nlayarak \u201c2019 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hizmet eden Protestan yabanc\u0131 din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkede ikametlerinin gittik\u00e7e zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d bildirdi. Cemaat mensuplar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu g\u00f6\u00e7 prosed\u00fcrleri yerel bir cemaatin yerel kiliseler i\u00e7in kaynak bulmas\u0131n\u0131 da etkilemekteydi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yabanc\u0131 ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mensuplar\u0131, bireysel ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve men\u015fe \u00fclkelerindeki kilise cemaatlerinden destek almaktayd\u0131. \u00dclkeye giri\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131na tabi tutulan ya da oturma izinleri reddedilen baz\u0131 ki\u015filer, \u00fclkenin hukuk sistemi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla mevcut durumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesini talep etti. Y\u0131l sonu itibar\u0131yla bu davalardan hi\u00e7biri sonu\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve medyada yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re adli sistemde mevcut karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ve birikmi\u015f i\u015fler nedeniyle meselenin halli y\u0131llar alabilirdi.<\/p>\n

Middle East Concern, International Christian Concern, World Watch Monitor, Mission Network News ve Voice of Martyrs gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da izleme kurulu\u015fu ve medya organ\u0131, \u00fclkedeki Protestan kiliseleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015filerin \u00fclkeye giri\u015ften men, oturum izinlerinin uzat\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcredir oturmakta bulunanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi gibi durumlar\u0131 rapor etmeye devam etti. Aral\u0131k 2019\u2019da \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 1 Ocak itibariyle h\u00fck\u00fcmetin (evlilik, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, e\u011fitim gibi) sebepler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir gerek\u00e7eyle oturma izni talebinin bulunmamas\u0131 halinde uzun d\u00f6nemdir \u00fclkede oturmakta ki\u015filerin oturma haklar\u0131n\u0131 turistik ama\u00e7larla uzatmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. G\u00f6zlemciler, oturma izni retleri ve \u00fclkeye giri\u015f menleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere Temmuz ay\u0131na kadar ask\u0131da bekleyen 54 g\u00f6\u00e7 davas\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bunlar\u0131n 19\u2019unun ise yeni dava oldu\u011funu rapor etti. Ret ve men karar\u0131 al\u0131nanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 eylem\u201d ve \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni eylemi\u201d ifadelerinin bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcvenlik kodlar\u0131ndan bahsetti. \u00c7ok say\u0131daki dini az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup papaz, \u00fclkede turist olarak uzun d\u00f6nemli oturma hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde dini t\u00f6renleri y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda bir tak\u0131m benzer \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsa da \u00e7o\u011fu grup, y\u0131l boyunca \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma ve giri\u015f hakk\u0131ndan men edilme gibi uygulamalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda ciddi oranda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Dini cemaat mensuplar\u0131, vak\u0131f y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131na se\u00e7im yapamama durumlar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerini sevk ve idare etmelerine bir engel te\u015fkil etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtti. Kurul \u00fcyeleri \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, emekli oldu\u011funda ya da \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vak\u0131f y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirme konusunda \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 zamanlar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni olmadan da faaliyet g\u00f6sterememe riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerine devam edemeyecek noktaya gelmeleri durumundaysa h\u00fck\u00fcmet vakf\u0131 feshetmekte ve vakf\u0131n m\u00fclklerini ve di\u011fer varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da devlete devretmektedir.
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmet, bu hususta hukuki bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tavr\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirerek, Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik I. Bartholomeos\u2019u d\u00fcnyadaki yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 milyon Ortodoks Hristiyan\u2019\u0131n lideri olarak tan\u0131mamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019in, Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik\u2019in sadece \u00fclkedeki Rum Ortodoks az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusunun dini lideri oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki tutumu devam eti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ek\u00fcmenik Patrikhane\u2019nin Kutsal Sinod veya patrik se\u00e7imlerinde sadece T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n oy kullanmalar\u0131na ve se\u00e7ilmelerine izin verme uygulamas\u0131na devam etti ancak ileride patrikli\u011fe aday olabilecek ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 2011\u2019de buldu\u011fu ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Rum Ortodoks metropolitlerine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k verme uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130stanbul\u2019da merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti temsil eden \u0130stanbul Valili\u011fi, Rum Ortodoks (Ek\u00fcmenik Patrikhane), Ermeni Apostolik Ortodoks ve Musevi cemaati liderlerinin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmeye devam etti.<\/p>\n

\u0130sa Mesih Kilisesi\u2019nin kendi g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerini ve uluslararas\u0131 personelini \u00fclkeden tahliye etme karar\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131. 2018\u2019de Kilise, bu ki\u015filerin \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015fesi gerek\u00e7esiyle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Kilise\u2019nin yerel mensuplar\u0131na g\u00f6re Kilise\u2019nin baz\u0131 takip\u00e7ileri, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaktan ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tabi tutulmaktan korktuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kilise\u2019den uzak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere inan\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015flerini kaybetti\u011fini ve yeni i\u015f bulma konusunda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ektiklerini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

A\u0130HM, \u015eubat 2019\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Alevi Cem Vakf\u0131\u2019na \u00f6demek zorunda oldu\u011fu 54.400 Avro (66.700 dolar) tazminat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 itiraz\u0131 reddettikten sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmet, 2017 avro d\u00f6viz kuruna g\u00f6re 39.010 avro (47.900 dolar) tutar\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eden tazminat\u0131 T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 cinsinden k\u0131smi olarak \u00f6dedi. Cem Vakf\u0131, tazminat\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 faiziyle birlikte tahsil etmek i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Cem Vakf\u0131, camilerin elektrik faturas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ayn\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131n Alevilerin ibadethanelerine sa\u011flanmamas\u0131 sebebiyle ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet aleyhinde A\u0130HM\u2019de dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00fccretin 23.300 Avro\u2019ya (28.600 dolar) indirilmesi i\u00e7in karara itiraz etmi\u015fti. Kas\u0131m 2018\u2019de Temyiz Mahkemesi, cemevlerinin ibadethane oldu\u011funa ve bu sebeple de elektrik faturas\u0131 gibi faturalar\u0131n \u00f6denmesi de dahil olmak \u00fczere S\u00fcnnilere ait camilerle ayn\u0131 imkanlardan yararlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015fti. Alevi \u00f6rg\u00fctleri y\u0131l boyunca h\u00fck\u00fcmeti al\u0131nan kararlara uymaya davet etti.<\/p>\n

Diyanet, kay\u0131t alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm camilerin i\u015fleyi\u015fini d\u00fczenlemektedir. Diyanet, en g\u00fcncel mevcut veriler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u0131l sonu itibariyle 128,469 S\u00fcnni personele maa\u015f \u00f6demesi yaparken bu rakam 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 104,814 olmu\u015ftur. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, di\u011fer dini gruplara mensup dini liderlere, e\u011fitmenlere ya da di\u011fer personele ise maa\u015f \u00f6dememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, 1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda camiye, sonradan 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc 24 Temmuz\u2019da tekrar camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Ayasofya Camii, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra ilk defa yeniden \u0130slam ibadetine a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Temmuz ay\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, \u201cT\u00fcm camilerimiz gibi Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 da M\u00fcslim ve gayrim\u00fcslim herkese sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131k olacakt\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak miras\u0131 olan Ayasofya, yeni stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle herkesi kucaklamaya \u00e7ok daha samimi, \u00e7ok daha \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u015fekilde devam edecektir\u201d dedi. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130brahim Kal\u0131n, Ayasofya Cami\u2019ndeki tasvirlerin korunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, Temmuz ay\u0131nda televizyonda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusa sesleni\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cAyasofya\u2019y\u0131 cami olarak ibadete a\u00e7arken insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras vasf\u0131n\u0131 da koruyaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d dedi ve \u201cAyasofya\u2019n\u0131n hangi ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin egemenlik hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ibarettir\u201d diye de ekledi.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetin, Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n tekrar camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ili\u015fkin plan\u0131n\u0131 duyurmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 30 Haziran\u2019da Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik I. Bartholomeos \u201cAyasofya\u2019n\u0131n camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi karar\u0131, milyonlarca Hristiyan\u2019\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fratacakt\u0131r\u201d dedi ve Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcze stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu. 25 Haziran tarihinde Washington Post gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan bir makalede, Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik\u2019in Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclme niyetinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u201cm\u00fcteessir oldu\u011fu ve sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d aktar\u0131ld\u0131. 20 Haziran\u2019da bir grup T\u00fcrk Katolik piskopos, \u201cAyasofya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcze stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istediklerini\u201d belirtti. T\u00fcrkiye Ermeniler Patri\u011fi Sahak Ma\u015falyan, 13 Haziran\u2019da Twitter hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir payla\u015f\u0131mda Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n Hristiyanlara da bir alan tahsis edilerek ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 fikrini destekledi. 24 Temmuz\u2019da k\u0131l\u0131nan Cuma namaz\u0131yla ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Ayasofya\u2019ya \u00fccretli giri\u015f d\u00fczenlemesi sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve t\u00fcm ziyaret\u00e7ilere a\u00e7\u0131k oldu.<\/p>\n

BM Din ve \u0130nan\u00e7 \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Ahmed Shaheed ve BM K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Haklar\u0131 Koruma \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Karima Bennoune, 28 Temmuz\u2019da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019a bir mektup yazarak \u201cAyasofya\u2019n\u0131n camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin, ba\u015fka k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlar\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde gelecekte ya\u015fanabilecek de\u011fi\u015fikliklere emsal te\u015fkil edebilece\u011fine ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n dinle uyumu \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etkisinin olaca\u011f\u0131na\u201d dair endi\u015felerini dile getirdi ve Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fczeden camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin \u201cfarkl\u0131 dinden ve ge\u00e7mi\u015ften ki\u015filer ile dindar olmayan ki\u015filerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlara giri\u015f ve bu alanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edebilece\u011fini\u201d belirtti. Mektupta ayr\u0131ca h\u00fck\u00fcmetten \u201cdini az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel izlerini korumak, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de kapsayacak \u015fekilde dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlilik konusundaki ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 desteklemek ve dini az\u0131nl\u0131klara mensup ki\u015filer de dahil olmak \u00fczere e\u015fitli\u011fi te\u015fvik etmek\u201d \u00fczere alaca\u011f\u0131 tedbirleri de a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 talebinde bulunuldu.<\/p>\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n, Kariye M\u00fczesi\u2019nin yeniden cami olarak a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131n\u0131 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul etmesi sonras\u0131nda 21 A\u011fustos tarihinde Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, M\u00fcze\u2019nin 30 Ekim\u2019de yeniden cami olarak a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fini duyurdu. Cami\u2019deki restorasyonun devam etmesi sebebiyle a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 geciktirildi ve y\u0131l sonuna kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Hristiyan tasvirlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mozaikleri ve freskleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc olan m\u00fcze, be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Y\u00fcce Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi ad\u0131yla kurulup daha sonra renove edilmi\u015f; daha sonra da 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce 1511 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kariye Camii\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. H\u00fck\u00fcmet yanl\u0131s\u0131 Yeni \u015eafak gazetesinin haberine g\u00f6re Dan\u0131\u015ftay, o d\u00f6nem cami olan yap\u0131n\u0131n sahibi olan vakf\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etmesi sebebiyle 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nan ve binan\u0131n m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funa karar vermi\u015fti; s\u00f6z konusu t\u00fcz\u00fckte binan\u0131n belirsiz bir s\u00fcre boyunca cami olarak hizmet verece\u011fi ifade edilmekteydi. B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n m\u00fczeyi yeniden camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme karar\u0131n\u0131 memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, Antakya\u2019daki Aziz Petrus Kilisesi, Demre yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Aziz Nikolas Kilisesi, Isparta yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Aziz Paul Kilisesi, Akdamar Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki Surp Har\u00e7 Kilisesi ile Sel\u00e7uk yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Meryem Ana Evi gibi daha \u00f6nce devlet m\u00fczesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen ve dini a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli olan alanlarda her y\u0131l anma ama\u00e7l\u0131 dini t\u00f6renler d\u00fczenlenmesine izin vermeye devam etti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, Rum Ortodoks Ek\u00fcmenik Patrikhanesinin Trabzon yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131 M\u00fczesinde 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ziyarete kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ilk defa 15 A\u011fustos\u2019ta y\u0131ll\u0131k ayinini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesine izin verdi.<\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmit\u2019teki bir Protestan Kilisesine geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekle ve Kilisenin rahibine y\u00f6nelik suikast haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olmakla su\u00e7lanan 13 ki\u015finin davas\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca devam etti.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke, Uygur k\u00f6kenli \u00c7inli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir diaspora toplulu\u011funa ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaya devam etti. \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti (PRC), baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Uygurlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den kendi \u00fclkelerine zorla g\u00f6nderilmesinin yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya devam etti; ancak yerel Uygur cemaati kaynaklar\u0131, y\u0131l boyunca \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne iade edilmi\u015f bir Uygurlu oldu\u011funu duymad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu da dahil olmak \u00fczere h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, Uygurlar\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e iade edilmeyece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik taahh\u00fctlerini do\u011frulad\u0131lar. 31 Aral\u0131k tarihinde D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu, \u201cBug\u00fcne kadar \u00c7in\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Uygurlara y\u00f6nelik iade talepleri olmu\u015ftur ancak bildi\u011finiz \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye bu konuda ad\u0131m atmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli haber kaynaklar\u0131, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sivas\u2019taki Mad\u0131mak Otelinin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren 33 Alevi ayd\u0131n ve iki otel personelinin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi olay\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na 2 Temmuz\u2019da Demokratik Alevi Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6steriye Ankara polisi taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fini bildirdi. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fine g\u00f6re polis, yedi g\u00f6stericiyi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na ald\u0131ktan sonra serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Medyada \u00e7\u0131kan haberlere g\u00f6re Tunceli Valili\u011fi, Alevilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir ibadet alan\u0131 olan Munzur G\u00f6zelerini mesire ve ticaret alan\u0131na \u00e7evirmek istedi. 22 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de kaz\u0131 ekipleri sahada in\u015faata ba\u015flad\u0131. Munzur G\u00f6zelerini korumaya y\u00f6nelik bir kurulu\u015f olan Dersim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 resm\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201cBu giri\u015fimi inan\u00e7 yerlerimize bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, yetkilileri bu yanl\u0131\u015ftan vazge\u00e7meye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yoruz\u201d dedi. Temmuz ay\u0131nda yetkililer, kamuoyundaki tepkilere ra\u011fmen Tunceli\u2019nin do\u011fusunda az say\u0131da bulunan da\u011fke\u00e7ilerinin avlanmas\u0131na izin verdi. Dersim Merkezi temsilcilerinin verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re Munzur Vadisi Milli Park\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc olan da\u011fke\u00e7ileri, y\u00f6re sakinleri aras\u0131nda kutsal say\u0131l\u0131yor. Bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re Haziran 2019\u2019da Ovac\u0131k Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131, il\u00e7edeki sekiz k\u00f6y\u00fcn muhtar\u0131na bir yaz\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek k\u00f6ylerinin \u201cdo\u011fal afet b\u00f6lgesinde bulunmas\u0131\u201d sebebiyle k\u00f6ylerini en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bo\u015faltmalar\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 verdi. \u0130l\u00e7ede \u00e7ok say\u0131da Alevi ve dini alan yer al\u0131yor. Medyada yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re Aleviler i\u00e7in manevi bir yer olan ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da kutsal alana da ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Munzur Milli Park\u0131\u2019nda maden arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 bir Kanada-T\u00fcrk maden konsorsiyumuna verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u00f6ylerin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu. Yaz\u0131da k\u00f6ylerin ne zaman bo\u015falt\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 tam olarak belirtilmezken y\u0131l sonu itibariyle bu durumla ilgili kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcncel bir bilgi bulunmamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, S\u00fcnnilere y\u00f6nelik cami yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in arazi sa\u011flamaya ve camilerin belediyeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli maddi kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamaya devam etti. Diyanet\u2019in yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son istatistiklere g\u00f6re 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkedeki cami say\u0131s\u0131 88,681 iken 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyanet taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen 89,259 cami bulunuyordu. Alevi gruplar\u0131 yeni cemevleri in\u015fa edebilecek durumda olsa da h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7o\u011fu zaman cemevlerinin in\u015faat\u0131 ve bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in mali destek sa\u011flamay\u0131 reddetti hatta baz\u0131 \u00f6rneklerde bu deste\u011fi belediyelerin verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da yer alan Yeni S\u00fcryani Ortodoks kilisesi Aziz Efrem (Mor Efrem) Kilisesi\u2019nin 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanmas\u0131 beklenen in\u015faat\u0131 devam etti. Kilise, tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulu\u015fundan bu yana in\u015fa edilen ilk yeni kilise olacak. Bug\u00fcne kadar \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 18.000 S\u00fcryani Ortodoks cemaati mensubu dini t\u00f6ren yapmak i\u00e7in mevcut kiliselerine ek olarak di\u011fer cemaatlerin kiliselerinden yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re \u00fclkenin do\u011fusunda bulunan Van yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki tarihi Ermeni Akdamar Kilisesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00fcst \u00fcste A\u015fai Rabbani Ayini d\u00fczenlendi; ayin, bu defa yeni se\u00e7ilen Ermeni Patrik\u2019i taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi. Yetkililer, T\u00fcrk silahl\u0131 kuvvetleriyle PKK aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan kaynaklanan g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015felerinden dolay\u0131 2015-2017 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dini t\u00f6renleri iptal etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin, az\u0131nl\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve haftal\u0131k gazete ve dergiler i\u00e7in sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi kaynaklar y\u0131l sonu itibariyle karara ba\u011flanmad\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet, az\u0131nl\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yay\u0131nlar i\u00e7in toplam 250,000 lira (33,700 dolar) ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Musevi vatanda\u015flar, yine Yahudi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik tehditleriyle ilgili endi\u015felerini ifade etti. Cemaatin mensuplar\u0131na g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131nda kendileriyle koordinasyon i\u00e7inde olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerin yararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin g\u00fcvenlik taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi\u011fini belirttiler.<\/p>\n

Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan Musevi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ve \u201ct\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki Yahudi aleminin\u201d Hanuka Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kutlayan bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u201cHer vatanda\u015f\u0131n din, dil, \u0131rk, etnik k\u00f6ken ve inan\u00e7 ayr\u0131m\u0131na maruz kalmadan kendi inan\u00e7 ve geleneklerini \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fayabilmelerine\u201d vurgu yapt\u0131. \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu, video konferans \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye Musevileri Hahamba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ve Musevi cemaati liderlerinin Hanuka Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kutlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nisan ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, Musevi cemaatine Hamursuz Bayram\u0131 ve Ro\u015f A\u015fana\u2019y\u0131 kutlayan mesajlar g\u00f6nderdi. Mesajlarda \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli servetinin \u201csevgi ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d sembol\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlanan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal \u00e7e\u015fitlilik oldu\u011fu ifade edildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019de bulunan Etz Hayim Sinagogu\u2019nda restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam etti; ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fcze olarak da kullan\u0131lacak olan sinagogun 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. \u0130zmir\u2019deki Musevi cemaati liderlerine g\u00f6re sinagog, baz\u0131lar\u0131 halen restorasyon ihtiyac\u0131nda olan b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer sinagoglarla birle\u015ftirilerek projelendirilen \u201cMusevi M\u00fczesinin\u201d bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak. Projenin finansman\u0131, belediye idari te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ve uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Ankara \u00dcniversitesi ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 31 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc yerel Musevi cemaati liderleri, diplomatlar, \u00fcst d\u00fczey h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00f6revlileri, akademisyenler ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Holokost Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenledi. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakan\u0131 Mehmet Ersoy, etkinlikte a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131. \u00dcniversite rekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn de kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmet s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri, \u00fclkenin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Yahudilerin Nazi zul\u00fcmden ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yard\u0131m\u0131 etmi\u015f oldu\u011funa ve BM\u2019nin 27 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc Uluslararas\u0131 Holokost Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak ilan etmesine ili\u015fkin 2005 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n destek\u00e7ilerinden biri oldu\u011funa de\u011findi. T\u00fcrkiye Musevileri Hahamba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u0130shak Haleva ve Musevi cemaatinin di\u011fer liderleri ile lise \u00f6\u011frencileri de etkinli\u011fe kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Yahudi g\u00f6\u00e7menleri ta\u015f\u0131yan Struma adl\u0131 geminin 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda batmas\u0131 sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 Musevi vatanda\u015f i\u00e7in be\u015finci kez \u00fcst \u00fcste anma t\u00f6reni d\u00fczenledi. \u0130stanbul valisi, Hahamba\u015f\u0131 \u0130shal Haleva ve Musevi cemaatinin di\u011fer mensuplar\u0131 ile diplomatlar toplulu\u011fu \u00fcyeleri de anma t\u00f6renine kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

III. K\u0131s\u0131m \u2013 Toplumun Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere Sayg\u0131 G\u00f6sterilmesi Konusundaki Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h1>\n

Bas\u0131nda yer alan bir habere g\u00f6re 20 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc, e\u015fiyle birlikte kimli\u011fi belirsiz ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan iki ay sonra Keldani Kilisesi Papaz\u0131n\u0131n annesi \u015eimoni Diril\u2019in cans\u0131z bedenine ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131; babas\u0131 H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Diril ise halen kay\u0131pt\u0131. Diril\u2019in cans\u0131z bedeni, \u015e\u0131rnak\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki bir k\u00f6y\u00fcn yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulundu. Hristiyan Dayan\u0131\u015fma Birli\u011fi CSW\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u00e7ift, b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan tehdit ediliyordu. Bir g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ifti PKK mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederken ba\u015fkalar\u0131 da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmadan h\u00fck\u00fcmetle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 gruplar\u0131n sorumlu olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re polis, ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lma olay\u0131n\u0131 ve Simoni Diril cinayetini y\u0131l sonuna kadar ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya devam etti. Mart ay\u0131nda CSW Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mervyn Thomas, yetkilileri H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Diril\u2019in bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmaya ve ayr\u0131ca \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Hristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, nefret s\u00f6ylemlerinin, Hristiyanl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 duygular\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dini ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7in ek tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam\u2019dan ya da Ortodoks Hristiyanl\u0131k\u2019tan Hristiyan Protestan gruplara ge\u00e7i\u015f yaparak dinini de\u011fi\u015ftiren baz\u0131 ki\u015filer, yerel cemaat \u00fcyelerinin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re irtibat halinde olduklar\u0131 ki\u015filerin din de\u011fi\u015ftirdiklerini ke\u015ffetmeleri ard\u0131ndan aileleri i\u00e7inde, arkada\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ve i\u015fyerlerinde d\u0131\u015flanmayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n

15 A\u011fustos\u2019ta h\u00fck\u00fcmet yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir haber sitesi A Haber, \u201cJoe Biden kimdir, Yahudi mi?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Haber sitesi bu makaleyi, Biden\u2019\u0131n Aral\u0131k 2019\u2019da \u00fclke hakk\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve The New York Times\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanan r\u00f6portaja cevaben yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

An Haber Ajans\u0131 ad\u0131ndaki bir haber kayna\u011f\u0131, 18 Haziran\u2019da Arnavutk\u00f6y Cemevi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Y\u00fcksel Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u2019\u0131n bir din bilgisi \u00f6\u011fretmeninin sarf etti\u011fi nefret s\u00f6ylemleri nedeniyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvuruda savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kovu\u015fturmaya gerek g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini bildirdi. Y\u0131ld\u0131z, Arnavutk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Ortaokulundan bir ortaokul \u00f6\u011fretmeninin Alevilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeme\u011fin yenmemesi gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131; sonras\u0131nda da bir kimse Alevi elinden yemek yemi\u015fse bu durumu imama dan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda su\u00e7 duyurusunda bulundu. \u015e\u00fcpheli, iddia edilen s\u00f6zleri kendisinin s\u00f6yledi\u011fini kabul etti ve okulla ili\u015fi\u011fi kesildi. Ancak savc\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6\u011fretmenin bu eylemlerinde \u201ckamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n bir tehlike ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan sebep\u201d kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verdi.<\/p>\n

28 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir haber sitesi olan Duvar, \u0130stanbul Kumkap\u0131\u2019daki Ermeni Apostolik Patrikhanesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir grubun ara\u00e7larla konvoy olu\u015fturup Azerbaycan bayraklar\u0131yla g\u00f6steri d\u00fczenledi\u011fini bildirdi. Konvoy, Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Ermenistan ile Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda Da\u011fl\u0131k-Karaba\u011f nedeniyle ba\u015flayan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonras\u0131nda g\u00f6steri yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ekim ay\u0131nda kimli\u011fi bilinmeyen ki\u015filer, Bursa\u2019daki bir Alevi kurulu\u015fu olan Pir Sultan Abdal Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n evinin kap\u0131s\u0131na \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm vaktin geldi\u201d \u015feklinde bir not b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Polis, olayla ilgili soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatt\u0131, y\u0131l sonuna kadar halen devam ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Medyada yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ve ibadet yerlerine y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcnferit vandall\u0131k eylemleri, Hristiyan mezarl\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik artan vandall\u0131k vakalar\u0131yla beraber devam etti; 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda hi\u00e7 vaka bildirilmemi\u015fti. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda haber kaynaklar\u0131, Ankara\u2019daki Ortak\u00f6y Hristiyan Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunan 72 mezar ta\u015f\u0131ndan 20\u2019sinin tahrip edildi\u011fini bildirdi. Trabzon\u2019da meydana gelen ba\u015fka bir olayda Santa Maria Kilisesi mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir mezar tahrip edildi. May\u0131s ay\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir Ermeni kilisesine vandall\u0131k giri\u015fiminde bulunan bir \u015fah\u0131s g\u00fcvenlik kameralar\u0131na yakaland\u0131. Bir habere g\u00f6re Haziran ay\u0131nda kimli\u011fi belirsiz ki\u015filer, 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f olan Alevilerin an\u0131s\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir an\u0131t\u0131 yakt\u0131. Bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re May\u0131s ay\u0131nda kimli\u011fi belirsiz bir ki\u015fi Kuzguncuk Surp Krikor Lusavori\u00e7 Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin kap\u0131s\u0131ndaki ha\u00e7\u0131 s\u00f6kt\u00fc. Polisin olayla ilgili soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 haber kaynaklar\u0131, Yahudileri ilgilendiren komplo teorileri yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar ve COVID-19\u2019un \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Yahudileri su\u00e7lad\u0131lar. Avlaremoz (ad\u0131n\u0131 Ladino dilinden al\u0131yor ve \u201ckonu\u015fal\u0131m!\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyor) isimli Yahudi cemaatine y\u00f6nelik bir yay\u0131n kurulu\u015funda yer alan bir makalede, Musevi cemaati mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n pandeminin yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda Musevileri su\u00e7layan komplo teorileriyle ilgili endi\u015felerini dile getirildi. Mart ay\u0131nda Avlaremoz edit\u00f6r\u00fc Nesi Altaras, Jerusalem Post gazetesine \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cPandemi, T\u00fcrklerde daha \u00f6nceden de var olan antisemitizmi ve Yahudiler hakk\u0131ndaki komplo teorilerini iyice k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u201d.
\nYahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemler, y\u0131l boyu yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131nda ve sosyal medyada da devam etti. Hrank Dink Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Aral\u0131k 2019\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 nefret s\u00f6ylem projesine g\u00f6re 2018\u2019deki bas\u0131l\u0131 899 haberle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yahudileri \u015fiddet yanl\u0131s\u0131, komplocu ve \u00fclke i\u00e7in tehdit olarak resmeden Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 430 haber yer ald\u0131. Vak\u0131f, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in bir rapor \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131. Yeni Akit gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan bir okur mektubunda \u0130stanbul\u2019da ikamet eden Yahudilerin, sokak k\u00f6peklerini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fitti\u011fi belirtilerek Yahudilere y\u00f6nelik tarihi kan iftiras\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 yinelendi. Baz\u0131 yorumcular\u0131, mektubu g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olmakla ele\u015ftirirken iktidar partisi olan AKP\u2019den eski Milletvekili Mustafa Yenero\u011flu\u2019nun yaz\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u201cNazilerin dili\u201d olarak k\u0131namas\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da medya haberinde yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

18 Mart\u2019ta Ahval gazetesinin haberine g\u00f6re Yeniden Refah Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fatih Erbakan, 6 Mart\u2019ta \u015fu ifadeyi kulland\u0131: \u201cElimizde kesin bir delil yok ama korona vir\u00fcs\u00fcn arkas\u0131nda Siyonizm olabilir\u201d. COVID-19\u2019un yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan Yahudileri ve \u0130srail\u2019i sorumlu tutan otob\u00fcs yolcular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir video da medyada dola\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kendini muhafazak\u00e2r olarak tan\u0131mlayan Ger\u00e7ek Hayat dergisi, 11 May\u0131s\u2019ta yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalede T\u00fcrkiye Hahamba\u015f\u0131, Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik ve Ermeni Apostolik Patrik\u2019ini h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kabul edilen \u201cFethullah G\u00fclen \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn hizmetkarlar\u0131\u201d olarak bir \u015fema i\u00e7inde s\u0131ralad\u0131. Edit\u00f6rler, aralar\u0131nda Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik Bartholomeos, T\u00fcrkiye Hahamba\u015f\u0131 Haleva, eski Ermeni Patrik ve Papa II. John Paul\u2019un da bulundu\u011fu dini az\u0131nl\u0131k cemaati liderlerinin \u201cFethullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201ci\u015f birlik\u00e7ileri\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtti. Dini liderlerin \u00e7o\u011fu bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 k\u0131narken bu t\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n \u015fiddete ve ibadet yerlerine y\u00f6nelik sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uyar\u0131larda bulundu.<\/p>\n

Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet yanl\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazete Sabah, \u0130srail, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirleri ve Bahreyn aras\u0131nda ABD \u00f6nderli\u011findeki \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yaz\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu makalede, s\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fman\u0131n \u201cd\u00fcnyada kadir-i mutlak devletler taraf\u0131ndan tezgahland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirten ifadelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Yahudilik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 pek \u00e7ok tan\u0131mlama yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u015eubat ay\u0131nda Pew Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, \u0130lkbahar 2019 K\u00fcresel Tutumlar Anketinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri esas alarak 34 \u00fclkede d\u00fczenli se\u00e7imler, serbest konu\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve serbest sivil toplum gibi demokratik ilkelere y\u00f6nelik tutumlar hakk\u0131ndaki tespitlerini yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezinin tespitlerine g\u00f6re ankete kat\u0131lan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 82\u2019si din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201c\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi ve ankete dahil edilen dokuz demokratik ilke aras\u0131ndan \u00f6nceli\u011fi en y\u00fcksek olan ilke din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n

IV. K\u0131s\u0131m \u2013 ABD H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin Mevcut Politikas\u0131 ve Rol\u00fc<\/h1>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i, B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik ve konsolosluklarda g\u00f6revli di\u011fer yetkililer ile ziyaret i\u00e7in gelen di\u011fer ABD\u2019li yetkililer, y\u0131l boyunca D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Diyanet ve VGM de dahil olmak \u00fczere h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri ile d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapmaya devam etti. Dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, dinler aras\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve herhangi bir dini gruba y\u00f6nelik nefret ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131 dilin k\u0131nanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019li yetkililer h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri \u00f6zel toplant\u0131larda da dini e\u011fitimi de i\u00e7eren din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meselelerini peki\u015ftirdiler. Yetkililer, h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerine yerel dini cemaatlerin dile getirdi\u011fi dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck meseleleriyle ilgili \u00f6zel taleplerine ve dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrlerin korunmas\u0131 ve dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi i\u00e7in iki \u00fclke h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin en iyi nas\u0131l i\u015f birli\u011fi yapaca\u011f\u0131na dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ili\u015fkin cevaplar arad\u0131.<\/p>\n

25 Haziran\u2019da Uluslararas\u0131 Din \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel El\u00e7isi, h\u00fck\u00fcmete Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcze stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kalmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 bulunarak Twitter \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131mda \u201cAyasofya, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7lara sahip milyarlarca inanan i\u00e7in muazzam manevi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6neme sahiptir. Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde m\u00fcze olarak herkesin eri\u015febilirli\u011finin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve @UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 sit alan\u0131 olarak devam\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde #T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuyoruz\u201d dedi. ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 Temmuz\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda \u201cAyasofya\u2019n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi karar\u0131ndan hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u201d ve \u201c\u2026mek\u00e2na herkesin hi\u00e7bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya u\u011framadan eri\u015fimini sa\u011flama planlar\u0131n\u0131 duymay\u0131 merakla beklediklerini\u201d belirtti. 24 Temmuz\u2019da Fener Rum Patrikhanesi Amerika Ba\u015fpiskoposu Elpidophoros\u2019un Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fczeden camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi konusunda ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ABD Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u015fu tweeti att\u0131: \u201cAmerika, Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n her inan\u00e7tan ki\u015fi i\u00e7in esin ve tevekk\u00fcl kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak eri\u015filebilir kalmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi ile birlikte kararl\u0131l\u0131kla duracakt\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkililer, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, dini gruplar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen reformlar\u0131 uygulamaya davet etti ve ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n iadesi ve restorasyonu konusunu ortaya att\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik personeli de Diyarbak\u0131r ve Mardin\u2019de kiliseye ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n iadesi hususunda bask\u0131 yapmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 ve ABD H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin di\u011fer \u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6revlileri, h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerini Heybeliada\u2019daki Rum Ortodoks Ruhban Okulu\u2019nu yeniden a\u00e7maya ve t\u00fcm dini cemaatlerin \u00fclkede din adam\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmesine izin vermeye davet etti. 30 Temmuz\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i ve Ba\u015fkonsolos, yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 konusuyla ilgilendiklerini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Ruhban Okulu\u2019nu ziyaret etti. Ocak ay\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00d6zel El\u00e7isi de Ek\u00fcmenik Patrikhanesi ve Ruhban Okulu\u2019nu ziyaret etti.<\/p>\n

24 Haziran\u2019da Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00d6zel El\u00e7isi, Sincan\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 hakl\u0131 buldu. B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikten \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkililer, \u00c7in bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Uygurlara \u00fclkenin deste\u011finin devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere y\u0131l boyunca D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilileriyle bir araya geldi.<\/p>\n

ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131, Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir ziyarette aralar\u0131nda Ek\u00fcmenik Patrik I. Bartholomeos ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Vatikan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Ba\u015fpiskopos Paul Russell\u2019\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu dini liderlerle bir araya geldi. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 ayr\u0131ca St. George Kilisesi ve R\u00fcstem Pa\u015fa Camii\u2019ni de ziyaret etti.<\/p>\n

1 ve 3 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcnlerinde Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00d6zel El\u00e7isi, nefret s\u00f6ylemlerini \u00f6nlemeye, kutsal alanlar\u0131 korumaya ve kamuoyunun dostlu\u011funu kazanmaya odakl\u0131 Semavi \u0130nan\u00e7lar Giri\u015fiminin ikinci toplant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130slam, Hristiyanl\u0131k ve Yahudilik dinlerini temsil edilen uluslararas\u0131nca tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f inan\u00e7 liderleriyle sanal ortamda bir araya geldi. Toplant\u0131ya, \u00fclkenin dini topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri de kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara ve Musevilere ait tarihi yerleri ziyaret etmek ve ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Edirne\u2019ye bir ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

31 Ocak\u2019ta B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i, \u00fcst d\u00fczey h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileriyle ve \u00fclkenin Musevi cemaatinin liderleriyle beraber Holokost Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ankara \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen t\u00f6rene kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

COVID-19 pandemisi ve pandeni \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fclkeye ve el\u00e7iliklere getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011finin ve ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fun k\u0131demli yetkilileri, dini cemaatlerle ve ibadet yerlerindeki fiziki temaslar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsa da endi\u015felerini dinleyip ele almak ve dinler aras\u0131 diyalo\u011fu te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla \u00e7ok say\u0131da dini cemaat lideriyle d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla sanal ortamda ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn mertebe y\u00fcz y\u00fcze g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik ve konsolosluk yetkilileri, \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer inan\u00e7 temsilcilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rum Ortodoks, Musevi, Ermeni Apostolik Ortodoks Hristiyan, Ermeni Protestan, Ermeni Katolik, Protestan, Alevi, S\u00fcryani Ortodoks, S\u00fcryani Katolik, Roma Katolik, Keldani ve \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in Son Zaman Azizler Kilisesi mensuplar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik ve Konsolosluklar, ABD\u2019nin dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ve insan haklar\u0131na olan taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemi ortaya koymak ve bu taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek amac\u0131yla belirli g\u00fcnlerde #DiniOzgurluk tabelas\u0131 alt\u0131nda verilen mesajlarla beraber dini az\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik sosyal i\u00e7ermeye vurgu yapmak \u00fczere Twitter, Facebook ve Instagram\u2019dan istifade ettiler.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/tr.usembassy.gov\/tr\/uluslararasi-dini-ozgurlukler-raporu-turkiye-2020\/\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti Anayasa, \u00fclkeyi laik bir devlet olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve vicdan, dini inan\u00e7, kanaat, ifade ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekte ve dini gerek\u00e7elerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmesini yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bir devlet kurumu olan Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Diyanet), \u0130slam\u2019la ilgili dini konular\u0131 idare ve koordine etmekte olup g\u00f6revleri, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 uygulamak, dini e\u011fitim vermek ve dini kurumlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmektir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n, Ocak ay\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":63612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti Anayasa, \u00fclkeyi laik bir devlet olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve vicdan, dini inan\u00e7, kanaat, ifade ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekte ve dini gerek\u00e7elerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmesini yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bir devlet kurumu olan Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Diyanet), \u0130slam\u2019la ilgili dini konular\u0131 idare ve koordine etmekte olup g\u00f6revleri, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 uygulamak, dini e\u011fitim vermek ve dini kurumlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmektir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n, Ocak ay\u0131nda […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-02T06:37:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"310\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"60 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-02T06:37:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611\"},\"wordCount\":12046,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611\",\"name\":\"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-02T06:37:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg\",\"width\":620,\"height\":310},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=63611#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti Anayasa, \u00fclkeyi laik bir devlet olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve vicdan, dini inan\u00e7, kanaat, ifade ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekte ve dini gerek\u00e7elerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmesini yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bir devlet kurumu olan Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Diyanet), \u0130slam\u2019la ilgili dini konular\u0131 idare ve koordine etmekte olup g\u00f6revleri, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 uygulamak, dini e\u011fitim vermek ve dini kurumlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmektir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n, Ocak ay\u0131nda […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2021-07-02T06:37:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":620,"height":310,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"60 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye","datePublished":"2021-07-02T06:37:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611"},"wordCount":12046,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611","name":"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg","datePublished":"2021-07-02T06:37:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/Dini-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler-Raporu.jpg","width":620,"height":310},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63611#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"2020 Uluslararas\u0131 Dini \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63611"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63613,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63611\/revisions\/63613"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/63612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}