{"id":63364,"date":"2021-06-18T02:13:29","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T07:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63364"},"modified":"2021-06-18T02:13:29","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T07:13:29","slug":"mehmet-altan-yazdi-1980lerde-kurt-basini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63364","title":{"rendered":"Mehmet Altan yazd\u0131: 1980\u2019lerde K\u00fcrt bas\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Midhat Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrdistan Gazetesi\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na giri\u015fi ilk say\u0131s\u0131ndan sadece sekiz g\u00fcn sonra yasakland\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Mehmet Altan*<\/strong><\/p>\n

1980-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 bitirirken, on y\u0131ll\u0131k resme \u015f\u00f6yle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bakmaya ihtiya\u00e7 var. D\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yan temel konu ya da sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 da bu y\u0131llar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Hem genel havay\u0131 koklamak, hem de o belli ba\u015fl\u0131 konular\u0131 hat\u0131rlatarak, on y\u0131l\u0131 tamamlamak, bug\u00fcn\u00fc de daha iyi anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bence.<\/p>\n

\n

Daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u2026 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 sonras\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkede s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi. Cumhuriyet tarihinin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde zaten hep s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimler var. 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda se\u00e7imler yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1983 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra kademeli olarak baz\u0131 illerde s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netime son verildi. 12 Mart 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 illerde, \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019da Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2l ilan edildi. OH\u00c2L\u2019in de kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ise 2002 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n

\n

1980 darbesi, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l y\u00f6netimi, asker\u00ee iklimdeki bir anayasa ve hukuk rejimine ra\u011fmen, 15 A\u011fustos 1984 tarihinde PKK Siirt\u2019in Eruh ve Hakkari\u2019nin \u015eemdinli il\u00e7elerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131n d\u00fczenledi. O bask\u0131ndan bu yana da onca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7an bu kanl\u0131 sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi.<\/p>\n

\n

1980-90 d\u00f6neminin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve bug\u00fcne uzayan bir geli\u015fmesi de AB s\u00fcrecinin start almas\u0131d\u0131r. O on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Avrupa da Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu\u2019ndan (AET) Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne (AB) ge\u00e7ti. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 darbesi Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu (AET) ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin dondurulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok partili se\u00e7imlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Avrupa Birli\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler yeniden canland\u0131. 14 Nisan 1987 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye resmen tam \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu. Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019yle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin ilk a\u015famas\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkiye 1 Ocak 1996 tarihinde G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne girdi. 1987 tarihindeki resmen tam \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurumuza ra\u011fmen AB tam \u00fcyeli\u011fi de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi\u2026<\/p>\n

Geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck bir taraman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir faydas\u0131 da, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fczelmez zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye yaramas\u0131. Bunlardan biri, belki de ilki sorun \u00e7\u00f6zme yetersizli\u011fi\u2026 Lanetlenmi\u015f gibi hep ayn\u0131 sorunlar etraf\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131 yok ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

\n

Bu on y\u0131l\u0131 panoramik bir incelemeye t\u00e2bi tutarken, y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan K\u00fcrt Bas\u0131n Tarihi\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz\u2026
\n\u0130lk K\u00fcrt gazetesi 22 Nisan 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kahire\u2019de, Midhat Bedirhan taraf\u0131ndan Arap alfabesiyle ve K\u00fcrdistan Gazetesi ad\u0131yla yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor. 22 Nisan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerin Bas\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlanmas\u0131 da bu y\u00fczden\u2026<\/p>\n

Gazetenin 15 g\u00fcnde bir \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 duyuruluyor. Ama yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve devam\u0131 pek de kolay olmuyor\u2026 Midhat Bedirhan, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde ge\u00e7en hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7alkant\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen gazetenin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba sarf ediyor. Gazetenin ilk be\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, 6.-19. say\u0131lar\u0131 Cenevre\u2019de, 20.-23. aras\u0131 say\u0131lar Londra\u2019da, 24.-29. aras\u0131 say\u0131lar Folkston\u2019da, 30. ve 31. aras\u0131 say\u0131lar ise Cenevre\u2019de yay\u0131nlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk say\u0131s\u0131ndan sadece sekiz g\u00fcn sonra, gazetenin daha ikinci say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmadan, II. Abd\u00fclhamit taraf\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na giri\u015fi yasaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0130lk K\u00fcrt matbaas\u0131 konusunda ise farkl\u0131 tarihler var. \u0130lk K\u00fcrt matbaas\u0131, Ekrem Cemil Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da kuruluyor. Ekrem Cemil Pa\u015fa bu matbaada K\u00fcrt\u00e7e Gazi (Hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015f) adl\u0131 gazeteyi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Ama\u2026<\/p>\n

1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Ramiz ve Mutkili Hal\u00eel Hayali\u2019nin kurduklar\u0131 matbaan\u0131n, genel olarak ilk K\u00fcrt\u00e7e matbaa oldu\u011funu kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Modern anlamda K\u00fcrt matbaas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l kurucusu ise H\u00fcseyin Huzn\u00ee Mukriyan\u00ee\u2019dir. Mukriyan\u00ee, 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halep\u2019te modern bir matbaa kurmu\u015f ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e eserler basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u00e7ok zorluklar ve yasaklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bug\u00fcn bile bazen \u201cbilinmeyen bir dil\u201d gibi \u00e7ok incitici bir muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Bu nedenlerle velut bir yay\u0131n ser\u00fcveninden s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u2026<\/p>\n

\n

Ancak\u2026 K\u00fcrt medyas\u0131nda 1980\u2019den sonras\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekici bir geli\u015fmeye rastlan\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde, Avustralya ve Amerika\u2019da bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcrt\u00e7e gazete, dergi ve ders kitaplar\u0131 yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt Bas\u0131n tarihi uzmanlar\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019te 1985 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1990 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar Latin harfleriyle 485 kitab\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin Kurmanc\u0131 leh\u00e7esinde bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor. Yine o y\u0131llarda \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019te yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 dergi yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. Gene \u0130\u015fve\u00e7\u2019te K\u00fcrtlere ait d\u00f6rt be\u015f matbaa var, halen bu matbaalarda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e eserler bas\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\n

Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de K\u00fcrt medyas\u0131 alan\u0131nda bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6zleniyor\u2026 Dergi ve gazeteler bas\u0131l\u0131yor. Son y\u0131llarda ise \u015fartlar zorla\u015f\u0131yor. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e bas\u0131lan kitap say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azal\u0131rken, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e eserlerin okunmas\u0131nda da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\n

Bir devlet deste\u011fi olmamas\u0131na, hatta tam tersine bask\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Sorani leh\u00e7esinde be\u015f y\u00fcz bin adet yay\u0131n oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatan K\u00fcrt bas\u0131n tarih\u00e7ileri, 1898\u2019den \u015fimdiye kadar 123 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen istenen geli\u015fmenin sa\u011flanamamas\u0131n\u0131 da birtak\u0131m nedenlerle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

1- K\u00fcrtlerin d\u00f6rt \u00fclke, hatta Rusya\u2019y\u0131 da katarsak be\u015f \u00fclkede b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

2- K\u00fcrtlerin bir devletinin olmamas\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok alanda K\u00fcrtlerin bir devlet deste\u011fiyle y\u00fcr\u00fcyen medyalar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131,<\/p>\n

3- Farkl\u0131 alfabeleri kullan\u0131yor olmalar\u0131,<\/p>\n

4- Sosyal anlamda okuma oran\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

5- K\u00fcrt\u00e7ede dergiler ve gazeteler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen maalesef yeterli bir okuyucu kitlesi bulmamas\u0131,<\/p>\n

6- K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin pazar noktas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fteri bulamamas\u0131,<\/p>\n

7- K\u00fcrt\u00e7e alan\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 anadilde e\u011fitimin temin edilememi\u015f olmamas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n

S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimler, Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2ller, K\u00fcrt Sorunu, AB tam \u00fcyelik ser\u00fcveni, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konusu\u2026 30 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin toplu foto\u011fraf\u0131 bu. Sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zemeyince, hep ayn\u0131 sorunlarla ya\u015fayan bir \u00fclkeyiz. Toplu foto\u011frafta demokrasi hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131, bazen yar\u0131m yamalak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc. Ba\u015f k\u00f6\u015feye otursa bu donmu\u015f sorunlar buharla\u015f\u0131p giderdi. Refah ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yoksunu olmazd\u0131k. Bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde zengin ve mutlu ya\u015fayabilirdik.<\/p>\n

P24\u2019te yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/mehmet-altan-yazdi-1980-lerde-kurt-basini,959695\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Midhat Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrdistan Gazetesi\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na giri\u015fi ilk say\u0131s\u0131ndan sadece sekiz g\u00fcn sonra yasakland\u0131. Mehmet Altan* 1980-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 bitirirken, on y\u0131ll\u0131k resme \u015f\u00f6yle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bakmaya ihtiya\u00e7 var. D\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yan temel konu ya da sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 da bu y\u0131llar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Hem genel havay\u0131 koklamak, hem de o belli ba\u015fl\u0131 konular\u0131 hat\u0131rlatarak, on y\u0131l\u0131 tamamlamak, bug\u00fcn\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":63365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nMehmet Altan yazd\u0131: 1980\u2019lerde K\u00fcrt bas\u0131n\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=63364\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mehmet Altan yazd\u0131: 1980\u2019lerde K\u00fcrt bas\u0131n\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Midhat Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrdistan Gazetesi\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na giri\u015fi ilk say\u0131s\u0131ndan sadece sekiz g\u00fcn sonra yasakland\u0131. Mehmet Altan* 1980-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 bitirirken, on y\u0131ll\u0131k resme \u015f\u00f6yle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bakmaya ihtiya\u00e7 var. D\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yan temel konu ya da sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 da bu y\u0131llar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. 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